IPCA
Inflation stays at 0.43% in April, pressed by food and health
May 09, 2025 09h00 AM | Last Updated: May 09, 2025 02h54 PM
The Brazilian inflation stayed at 0.43% in April, after registering 0.56% in the previous month. The group of Food and beverages (0.82%) exerted the biggest impact on the index, with 0.18 percentage points (p.p.). With an impact of 0.16 p.p., Health and personal care (1.18%) stood out as well. The group of Transportation (-0.38%) was the only one to fall, influencing the rate at -0.08 p.p.
The cumulative index over the last 12 months rose from 5.48% in March to 5.53% in April. In the year, the IPCA accumulates a rise of 2.48%. The change had been of 0.38% in April 2024. The data are from the Extended National Consumer Price Index (IPCA), released today (09) by the IBGE.
The group of Food and beverages decelerated from 1.17% in March to 0.82% in April. Food at home rose 0.83% and food away from home, 0.80%. The rise in potatoes (18.29%), tomatoes (14.32%), ground coffee (4.48%) and snacks (1.38%) contributed to that result. On the dropping side, rice stood out (-4.19%).
"The group of food has the highest weight in the IPCA, so it exerts an important impact, even when decelerating. In April, positive rates spread out in the group, with the diffusion index changing from 55% to 70%, though involving sub-items with lower weight," explains Fernando Gonçalves, Manager of the IPCA.
In Health and personal care (1.18%), the result was influenced by pharmaceuticals (2.32%), which exerted the biggest individual impact on the overall index (0.08 p.p.). According to Gonçalves, "the result is explained by the authorization to adjust the prices of medicines up to 5.09% on March 31." The increase in the items of personal hygiene (1.09%) influenced as well.
The group of Transportation (-0.38%) was influenced by the drop in airfare (-14.15%) - which exerted the major negative impact on the April´s IPCA (-0.09 p.p.) - and fuels (-0.45%). Every fuel came with a negative change in April: diesel fuel (-1.27%), vehicular gas (-0.91%), ethanol (-0.82%) and gasoline (-0.35%). The manager highlights that "the price of diesel fuel reduced in the refineries since April 1st. In the case of ethanol, the harvest improved."
In the group of Wearing apparel (1.02%), women’s wearing apparel (1.45%), men’s wearing apparel (1.21%) and footwear and accessories (0.60%) stand out. "The new season, introducing new collections, explains the result," points out Gonçalves.
In the group of Personal expenses (0.54%), the rise in cigarettes (2.71%) and banking services (0.87%) stand out. The group of Housing decelerated from 0.24% in March to 0.14% in April, with residential electricity dropping 0.08% due to the reduction in PIS/Cofins in some areas.
In the special aggregate of services, the IPCA decelerated from 0.62% in March to 0.20% in April and the aggregate of monitored prices, i.e., those controlled by the government, accelerated from 0.18% to 0.35%. "In the aggregate of services, the deceleration is explained by the drop in airfare. Among those monitored, the explanation for the acceleration comes from the increase in pharmaceuticals," concludes the manager.
Concerning the regional indexes, the highest change (0.95%) occurred in Porto Alegre, due to the rise in residential electricity (3.37%) and tomatoes (45.96%). The lowest change occurred in Brasília (0.04%), due to the drop in airfare (-7.46%) and gasoline (-1.69%).
INPC rises 0.48% in April
The National Consumer Price Index (INPC) rose 0.48% in April. The cumulative index in the year stayed at 2.49% and, in the last 12 months, at 5.32%, above the rate of 5.20% registered in the 12 immediately previous months. In April 2024, the rate had been 0.37%.
Food products decelerated between March (1.08%) and April (0.76%). Non-food products changed from 0.32% in March to 0.33% in April.
Concerning the regional indexes, the highest change occurred in Porto Alegre (1.07%), influenced by the rise in residential electricity (3.34%) and tomatoes (45.96%). The lowest change occurred in Brasília (0.01%), due to the drop in gasoline.
More about the surveys
The IPCA encompasses households with earnings between 1 and 40 minimum wages, whereas the INPC, households with earnings between 1 and 5 minimum wages, living in the Metropolitan Areas of Belém, Fortaleza, Recife, Salvador, Belo Horizonte, Vitória, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Curitiba, Porto Alegre, as well as in the Federal District and in the municipalities of Goiânia, Campo Grande, Rio Branco, São Luís and Aracaju. Please access the data on Sidra. The next result of the IPCA, relative to May, will be released on June 10.
