The Extended National Consumer Price Index 15 (IPCA-15) was 0.25% in December and stood 0.05 percentage points (p.p.) above the November result (0.20%).

With this result, the IPCA-15 closes the year with an increase of 4.41%. In December 2024, the rate had been 0.34%.

The IPCA-E, which is the IPCA-15 accumulated quarterly, stood at 0.63% for the period from October to December, below the rate of 1.51% recorded in the same period of 2024.

Of the nine groups of products and services surveyed, seven increased in December. The highest change and the biggest positive impact came from Transportation (0.69% and 0.14 p.p.). The group of Household articles (-0.64% and -0.02 p.p.) recorded the fourth consecutive reduction in average prices. The other changes were between the 0.01% decrease in Health and personal care and the 0.69% increase in Wearing apparel.

IPCA-15 and IPCA-E - Change and impact in the groups

In the Transportation group (0.69%), the main and biggest individual impact on the month's index came from airfare, which rose 12.71% (0.09 p.p.). App-based transportation increased 9.00% and had 0.02 p.p. of impact. Fuels rose 0.26%, after falling 0.46% in November, with increases of 1.70% in ethanol and 0.11% in gasoline. Vehicular gas and diesel fuel decreased 0.26% and 0.38%, respectively.

Still in Transportation, the change of -0.69% in urban bus considered the free services granted on Sundays and holidays in Belém (-5.93%) and Brasília (-7.43%), in addition to the fare reduction in Curitiba (-3.41%). In subway (-0.62%), the same movement occurred in Brasília (-7.43%) and, in São Paulo , the drop of 0.20%, also recorded in train (-0.11%), in addition to the -0.16% in the sub-item public transportation integration , considered the release of ticket payment on the days on which the ENEM tests were held (November 9 and 16).

In the group of Wearing apparel (0.69%), the highlights were the increases in children's (1.05%), women's (0.98%) and men's wearing apparel (0.70%).

The group of Personal expenses decelerated from November (0.85%) to December (0.46%). Accommodation showed a negative change in December (-1.18%), after the increase of 4.18% registered in November. On the other hand, some services such as hairdressing and barbering (1.25%), domestic workers (0.48%) and tourism package (2.47%) put positive pressure on the result.

The group of Housing changed 0.17% in December. Contributing to the result were residential rent (0.33%) and water and sewage fees (0.66%), which considered the tariff adjustment of 9.75% in Fortaleza (6.73%), since November 5 and in Rio de Janeiro (4.03%), since December 1st. In addition, piped gas (0.28%) included a 4.10% increase in tariffs in São Paulo (0.53%), effective from December 10, and a 0.04% reduction in Rio de Janeiro (-0.03%), since November 1st.

Still in Housing, residential electrical energy showed a negative change of 0.22%. It should be noted that, in November, the red tariff flag level 1 was in force, adding R$4.46 to the electricity bill for every 100-kWh consumed. In December, the tariff flag was yellow, with an additional R$1.885 for the same level of consumption. In addition, there was a tariff adjustment of 21.95% at one of the concessionaires in Porto Alegre (5.86%) since November 22; 16.05% at one of the concessionaires in São Paulo (-1.09%), in effect since October 23; 19.56% in Goiânia (1.91%) and 11.21% in Brasília (1.41%), both since October 22.

Food and beverages, the group with the highest weight in the index, changed 0.13%. Food at home (-0.08%) showed a drop in average prices for the seventh consecutive month. Contributing to this result were the declines in tomatoes (-14.53%), long-life milk (-5.37%) and rice (-2.37%). On the high side, the highlights were meat (1.54%) and fruits (1.46%).

Food away from home recorded a change of 0.65% in December, with increases in snacks (0.99%) and meals (0.62%).

The 0.64% drop in Household articles was driven by declines in household appliances and equipment (-1.41%) and in TV, sound and computer equipment (-0.93%).

As for the regional indexes, ten out of 11 areas covered increased in December. The highest change was observed in Porto Alegre (0.50%), due to the increases in airfare (11.32%) and in residential electricity (5.86%). The lowest result occurred in Belém (-0.35%), with drops in accommodation (-53.72%) and in personal hygiene items (-1.60%).

IPCA-15 and IPCA-E - Change in areas

To calculate the IPCA-15, the prices were collected in the period from November 14 to December 12 (reference) and compared with those in force from October 14 to November 13 (base). The indicator refers to households with monthly income of 1 to 40 minimum wages and it encompasses the metropolitan areas of Rio de Janeiro, Porto Alegre, Belo Horizonte, Recife, São Paulo, Belém, Fortaleza, Salvador, Curitiba, besides Brasília and the municipality of Goiânia. The methodology is the same as the one used for the IPCA; the difference lies in the period of price collection and in the geographic coverage.