In 2014, all the Federation Units developed actions, programs or projects of productive inclusion, a set of policies aimed at acquiring skills needed to the insertion in the labor market. The objective is to promote the access to the formal market, as well as to support the sustainability of this access, by means of actions that improve labor conditions and raise the earnings of individuals in situation of social and economic vulnerability. Among the 5,570 municipalities, 98.7% (5,503) developed at least one action of productive inclusion.

This is showed in the supplement of Productive Inclusion, which includes information collected by the Survey of Basic Municipal Information (Munic) and the Survey of Basic State Information (Estadic). The supplement is concerned about the existence of public actions of productive inclusion in the rural and urban areas, as well as of actions of insurance, microcredit and credit and of projects to generate labor and income. Click here to access the complete supplement of Munic. Click here to access the complete supplement of Estadic.

All the municipalities with more than 500 thousand inhabitants developed any kind of project of productive inclusion.

In 2013, all the Federation Units developed actions, programs or projects of productive inclusion. Among the 5,570 municipalities, 98.7% (5,503) developed at least one action of productive inclusion. The existence of any action was higher than 98.0% in all the classes of population size of the municipalities, reaching 100.0% of the 39 municipalities with more than 500 thousand inhabitants. The North Region was the Major Region that registered the lowest percentage of municipalities that developed actions of productive inclusion (96.2% or 433 municipalities).

All states carried out al least two actions of rural productive inclusion

Two actions of rural productive inclusion were carried out by the 27 Federation Units: the activities of technical assistance and rural extension and the promotion of rural productive activities. The strategy of rural productive inclusion aims at strengthening the activities carried out by family farmers in social vulnerability, as well as at focusing some particular groups, aiming at increasing their productive capacity and taking their products to the consumer market.

Among the 5,570 municipalities, 96.9% (5,400) developed at least one action of rural productive inclusion. The acquisition of food through the Food Acquisition Program (PAA) and the National Program of School Feeding (PNAE) were the main highlights, being developed by 84.3% (4,697) of the municipalities, whereas the acquisition of food to meet the regular demand from university restaurants, prisons, hospitals and others was carried out by 17.5% (974) of the municipalities.

The acquisition of food through the PAA and the PNAE swung between 82.6% and 88.8% of the municipalities with up to 100 thousand inhabitants. Those with more than 100 thousand and less than 500 thousand (77.4%) and with more than 500 thousand inhabitants (76.9%) recorded the lowest percentages.

26 states and 5,400 municipalities carry out actions aimed at family farmers

In 26 Federation Units, the actions of technical assistance and rural extension were aimed at family farmers, as well as at artisan fishermen and fish farmers. The only exception was Rio de Janeiro, which did not specify the target public.

At the municipal level, more than 96.0% (5,184) of the 5,400 municipalities that carried out any kind of action of rural productive inclusion aimed at family farmers in all the actions surveyed. In 41.5% of the municipalities that carried out donation of seeds or sows of small animals, those were destined to land reform settlers.

The federal and municipal administrations were the most expressive partners of the Federation Units in nearly all the actions. Municipal data registered the important roles of the state and federal administrations as relevant partners in the implementation of the actions of rural productive inclusion in the municipalities. The federal administration was present in 71.2% (1,163) of the 3,722 municipalities that carried out actions of acquisition or lease of tractors and agricultural machinery, as well as in 74.6% (3,505) of the 4,697 municipalities that developed actions of food acquisition from the PAA or PNAE.

The state administrations worked as partners in 82.9% (2,278) of the 2,554 municipalities that donated seeds or sow of small animals, as well as in 85.9% (3,770 of the 4,390) and in 81.4% (3,409 of the 4,188) of those that promoted productive activity and technical-managerial assistance to collective endeavors.

States and municipalities prioritize actions of professional training and certification

Mobilization and awareness of the population to participate in certification courses was the only action of urban productive inclusion implemented in all the Federation Units, though not all of them involved neither manpower certification actions (26) nor professional training or certification courses (25). This is the articulation of actions and programs aimed at the insertion in the labor market, either through formal jobs or by supporting collective or individual entrepreneurship and solidarity economy endeavors. Intermediation of manpower (22), promotion of urban collective (25) and individual (22) endeavors and promotion of craftwork (23) were the other actions implemented by the state administrations.

In 2014, 5,054 (90.7%) municipalities implemented at least one action of urban productive inclusion. The actions mentioned by the highest number of municipal administrations were related to certification (75.4%) and professional training (86.4%), a similar level as in the states.

The supply of professional training or certification courses was the most mentioned action by the municipalities of all classes of population size, as well as the actions of professional certification and mobilization and awareness for professional certification courses, showing that the actions related to professional certification have territorial capillarity. Promotion of craftwork also stood out by the percentage of municipalities that stated to have implemented this action in all the classes of population size.

Seven states implement actions of urban productive inclusion for homeless

Those enrolled in the Single Registry for Social Programs and those benefiting from the Bolsa Família Program in 23 Federation Units, and those unemployed, in 20 Federation Units, were the targets of the actions of the state administrations. Among the actions implemented, those related to the mobilization and awareness for professional certification courses and to the intermediation of manpower were mentioned by the majority of the Federation Units. Seven state administrations stated that they directed actions of productive inclusion to the homeless.

The behavior was similar in relation to the actions implemented by municipal administrations, where the majority of the municipalities carried out actions for those enrolled in the Single Registry for Social Programs, those benefiting from the Bolsa Família Program and those unemployed, and the minority for the homeless.

At the state level, the major partners for the implementation of actions of urban productive inclusion were the federal administration, the municipal administrations, the NGOs and third sector entities and the S System. The S System is a group of nine institutions related to professional categories like the National Rural Apprenticeship Service (Senar); the National Commercial Apprenticeship Service (Senac); the Commerce Social Service (Sesc); the National Cooperative Apprenticeship Service (Sescoop); the National Industry Apprenticeship Service (Senai); the Industry Social Service (Sesi); the Transportation Social Service (Sest); the National Transportation Apprenticeship Service (Senat); and the Brazilian Micro and Small Business Support Service (Sebrae).

At the municipal level, the federal administration was the major partner responsible for the implementation of actions of manpower certification (78.8%), followed by the state administration (53.3%) and the S System (38.7%).

Actions to support associativism, cooperativism and solidarity economy present in every state

Concerning the projects of generation of labor and income, actions to support associativism, cooperativism and solidarity economy were carried out in all the states, and the projects to support the trade of businesses, cooperatives and solidarity endeavors, in 26 of them. Solidarity economy aims at promoting opportunities to generate income for those extremely poor, in order to promote sustainable development at the territorial and local levels. In 2014, projects to support the trade of businesses, cooperatives and solidarity endeavors in the areas of agriculture, livestock and forestry were being developed in 21 Federation Units.

At the municipal level, the actions aimed at the agriculture, livestock and forestry were the most developed in the two types of project. 76.8% of the municipalities (4,278) carried out projects to support the trade of businesses, cooperatives and solidarity endeavors and 84.2% carried out projects to support associativism, cooperativism and solidarity economy.

Actions of access to credit through institutions like the People´s Bank or similar organizations, aimed at supplying microfinances to low income popular entrepreneurs, were reported by 16 states. Access to urban credit - which funds investment projects of urban cooperatives and associations and their respective members, consisting of micro and small companies - destined to labor-intensive activities and to the modernization of particular sectors, was practiced in five states. Among the municipalities, 31.9% (1,777) promoted the access to oriented productive microcredit, 25.6% (1,424) promoted the access to credit through the People´s Bank or other similar organizations and 3.9% (219) promoted the access to credit of the Urban Proger.

Among the groups benefiting from the actions of productive inclusion aimed at the distribution of credit, microcredit and insurance, the unemployed persons (13), those assisted by the Bolsa Família Program (14) and other non-specified groups (16) were addressed by the majority of the Federation Units in terms of the access to oriented productive microcredit. Only the states of Piauí and Tocantins destined actions to the homeless.

The unemployed persons are the priority target for the actions of credit (46.6% of the municipalities), microcredit (47.1%) and insurance (48.8%). As to the financial institutions that promoted in partnership the access to oriented productive microcredit, the public banks were present in the majority of the Federation Units (14).

The state administration was responsible for the partnership in the highest percentage of municipalities that promoted the access to credit through the People´s Bank (82.3% or 4,584) and that promoted the access to oriented productive microcredit (70.1%, or 3,905). Access to credit of the Urban Proger was promoted in partnership with the federal administration in 79.5% of the municipalities (4,428) and with the state administrations in 68.3% (3,804). Public banks were responsible for promoting the access to oriented productive microcredit in 37.6% of the municipalities (2,094).