The Extended National Consumer Price Index (IPCA) of December increased by 0.33%, 0.15 percentage points (p.p.) above the rate of 0.18% recorded in November. In December 2024, the change was 0.52%.

The IPCA closed the year 2025 with a cumulative increase of 4.26%.

Except for Housing, with a decrease of 0.33%, all the other groups of products and services surveyed recorded an increase in December. The biggest change  (0.74%) and the main impact (0.15 p.p.) came from Transportation, followed, in terms of impact, by Health and personal care, with an increase of 0.52% and 0.07 p.p. The group Household articles (0.64%) recorded the second biggest change in December, after a drop of 1.00% in November.

IPCA - Change and Impact by group - monthly

In Transportation (0.74%), the result was influenced by the rise in prices of ride-sharing services (13.79%) and airfares (12.61%), the sub-item accounting for the greatest individual impact on the month's result (0.08 percentage points). Fuels, after decreasing 0.32% in November, increased 0.45%, with the following changes: ethanol (2.83%), vehicle gas (0.22%), gasoline (0.18%), and diesel oil (-0.27%).

Also in Transportation, the change of -2.63% in urban bus fares considers the free fares granted on Sundays and/or holidays in Belém (5.64%), Brasília (1.84%), São Paulo (-6.06%), and Belo Horizonte (-12.87%), in addition to the fare reduction in Curitiba (0.74%). Subway (4.11%) recorded the same movement in in Brasília (1.84%) and, in São Paulo, an increase of 7.22%, also registered by train (3.77%), in addition to the 1.01% in the public transportation integration sub-item, consider exemption from paying for fares on the days of the ENEM exams (November 9th and 16th) and on Christmas Day.

In Household articles, the 0.64% increase reflects changes in TV, sound and computer equipment (1.97%) and electronic appliances (0.81%), which had fallen by 2.28% and 2.37%, respectively, in the previous month.

In Health and personal care (0.52%), the highlights are health insurance plans (0.49%) and personal hygiene items (0.52%).

In Personal expenses, which decelerated from 0.77% in November to 0.36% in December, the notable changes are in hairdresser and barber's services (1.28%) and domestic workers (0.48%), in addition to a 3.10% reduction in lodging, which had risen 4.09% in November.

Food and beverages registered an increase of 0.27% in December. Food at home interrupted a six-month sequence of consecutive drops, rising 0.14%, influenced by increases in onion (12.01%); potato (7.65%); meat (1.48%), especially sirloin (2.39%), rump steak (1.99%), and ribs (1.89%); and fruits (1.26%), particularly papaya (7.85%) and chunkey bananas (4.32%). On the downside, the most significant decreases were in long-life milk (-6.42%), tomato (-3.95%), and rice (-2.04%).

Food away from home (0.60%) accelerated from the previous month (0.46%), with a 1.50% increase in snacks and a 0.23% increase in meals. 

The only group with a negative change in December, Housing went from a 0.52% increase in November to -0.33% in December, influenced by the 2.41% drop in residential electricity, the sub-item with the greatest negative impact on the index (-0.10 p.p.).

This result was driven by the yellow tariff flag being in effect in December, with an additional charge of R$ 1.885 for every 100 kWh consumed. In November, the red tariff flag level 1 was in effect, and added R$ 4.46 for the same level of consumption. There was a 21.95% adjustment in one of the concessionaires in Porto Alegre (3.90%) in effect since November 22 and a 10.48% adjustment in Rio Branco (3.80%), in effect since December 13.

Also in Housing, the increase in water and sewage fare (0.96%) was influenced by the 9.75% adjustment in Rio de Janeiro (9.13%), in effect since December 1st; 2.64% in Curitiba (1.28%) since December 15th; and 9.75% in Fortaleza (1.81%), since November 5th. Piped gas sub-item (1.80%) reflects the 4.10% adjustment in São Paulo (3.27%) starting on December 10th, and the 0.04% reduction in fares iin Rio de Janeiro (-0.01%), since November 1st.

Regarding regional indices, the biggest change occurred in Porto Alegre (0.63%), influenced by the increase in residential electricity (3.90%) and ride sharing apps (17.75%). The smallest change occurred in São Luís (-0.19%), due to the decrease in residential electricity (-4.83%) and fruits (-6.01%).

IPCA - Change by area - monthly and cumulative in the year

The IPCA has been calculated by the IBGE since 1980. It refers to households with monthly income of 1 to 40 minimum wages, whatever the source and encompasses ten metropolitan areas in Brazil, besides the municipalities of Goiânia, Campo Grande, Rio Branco, São Luís, Aracaju and Brasília.

In order to estimate the index of the month, the prices collected from November 29, 2025 to December 29, 2025 (reference) were compared with the prices in force from October 30, 2025 to November 28, 2025 (base).

INPC reaches 0.21% in December

The National Consumer Price Index (INPC) rose 0.21% in December, being 0.18 percentage points above the result observed in November (0.03%). The rate for December 2024 was 0.48%.

Food products accelerated from November (-0.06%) to December (0.28%). The change in non-food products went from 0.06% in November to 0.19% in December.

As for regional indices, the biggest change occurred in Porto Alegre (0.57%), influenced by the increase in residential electricity (3.87%) and meat (2.04%). The smallest change occurred in Curitiba (-0.22%), due to the rise in residential electricity (-3.23%) and fruits (-4.82%).

Regarding regional indices, the largest variation occurred in Porto Alegre (0.57%), influenced by the increase in residential electricity (3.87%) and meat (2.04%). The smallest variation occurred in Curitiba (-0.22%), due to the decrease in residential electricity (-3.23%) and fruits (-4.82%).

INPC - Change by area - monthly and cumulative in the year

The INPC has been calculated by the IBGE since 1979. It refers to households with monthly income of 1 to 5 minimum wages, with a salaried head of the household. It encompasses ten metropolitan areas in Brazil, besides the municipalities of Goiânia, Campo Grande, Rio Branco, São Luís, Aracaju and Brasília.

In order to estimate the index of the month, the prices collected from November 29, 2025 to December 29, 2025 (reference) were compared with the prices in force from October 30, 2025 to November 28, 2025 (base).

IPCA records a cumulative increase of 4.26% in 2025

The IPCA closed the year with a change of 4.26%, 0.57 p.p. below the 4.83% registered in 2024. In the table below, we can observe monthly changes of the index in 2025:

The 2025 result was mainly influenced by Housing (6.79%), which had the greatest impact (1.02 p.p.) on the year-to-date total. This was followed by Education (6.22%), Personal expenses (5.87%), and Health and Personal care (5.59%). These four groups together accounted for approximately 64% of the year's result.

IPCA - Change and impact by group - in the year

A energia elétrica residencial (12,31%), do grupo Habitação (6,79%), foi o subitem responsável pelo principal impacto no resultado no ano (0,48 p.p.), com reajustes tarifários que variaram de -2,16% a 21,95%. Houve a incorporação do Bônus de Itaipu em janeiro e agosto e vigoraram todas as bandeiras tarifárias ao longo do ano:

• Bandeira verde (sem cobrança de tarifa): janeiro a abril.
• Bandeira amarela (adicional de R$ 1,885 a cada 100 Kwh): maio e dezembro.
• Bandeira vermelha patamar 1 (adicional de R$ 4,46 a cada 100 Kwh): junho, julho, outubro e novembro.
• Bandeira vermelha patamar 2 (adicional de R$ 7,87 a cada 100 Kwh): agosto e setembro.

Variação no ano da energia elétrica residencial, por região pesquisada

Ainda em Habitação vale destacar as principais contribuições positivas que vieram do aluguel residencial (6,06% e 0,22 p.p.), do condomínio (5,14% e 0,12 p.p.) e da taxa de água e esgoto (4,50% e 0,08 p.p).

O grupo Educação (6,22%) apresentou a segunda maior variação acumulada em 2025 dentre os grupos de produtos e serviços pesquisados, sob influência das altas dos cursos regulares (6,54% e 0,29 p.p.) e dos cursos diversos (5,67% e 0,05 p.p.)

Despesas pessoais variou 5,87% em 2025 destacando-se os subitens empregado doméstico (5,36% e 0,15 p.p.), cabeleireiro e barbeiro (8,05% e 0,09 p.p.), jogos de azar (15,17% e 0,07 p.p.) e hospedagem (9,61% e 0,06 p.p.).

Em Saúde e cuidados pessoais (5,59%), a maior contribuição (0,26 p.p.) veio do plano de saúde (6,42%). Em julho, a Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar (ANS) fixou o teto para reajuste dos planos individuais novos (posteriores à lei nº 9.656/98) em 6,06% para o período de maio de 2025 a abril de 2026. Para os planos antigos, os percentuais foram de 6,47% e 7,16%, a depender do plano. Destacam-se, ainda, as altas de 5,42% dos produtos farmacêuticos - em 31 de março de 2025, passou a valer o reajuste de até 5,09% nos preços dos medicamentos – e de 4,23% nos itens de higiene pessoal .

Nos Transportes (3,07%), destaca-se a alta do transporte por aplicativo (56,08% e 0,13 p.p.), do conserto de automóvel (6,94% e 0,12 p.p.) e da gasolina (1,85 e 0,10 p.p.).

O grupo Alimentação e bebidas desacelerou na comparação do resultado de 2024 (7,69%) com 2025 (2,95%), especialmente por conta da alimentação no domicílio que, em 2024, subiu 8,23% e, agora, registrou alta de 1,43%. Por seis meses consecutivos (junho a novembro), a alimentação no domicílio registrou variação negativa, acumulando queda de 2,69%. Nos demais meses, a alta acumulada foi de 4,23%.

As principais influências no resultado do grupo Alimentação e bebidas foram: o café moído (35,65% e 0,18 p.p.) que em julho de 2025 interrompeu a sequência de altas que iniciou em janeiro de 2024, chocolate em barra e bombom (27,12% e 0,06 p.p.) e o pão francês (5,86% e 0,05 p.p.). No lado das quedas os destaques foram o arroz (-26,56% e -0,20 p.p.) e o leite longa vida (-12,87% e -0,10 p.p.).

A alimentação fora do domicílio saiu de 6,29%, em 2024 para 6,97% em 2025, sobressaindo o lanche com aumento de 11,35% e 0,21 p.p. de impacto e a refeição com 4,97% e 0,18 p.p..

No que diz respeito aos índices regionais , Vitória (4,99%) foi a área que teve a maior variação em 2025, influenciada principalmente pelas altas da energia elétrica residencial (17,48%) e do plano de saúde (6,33%). O menor resultado, por sua vez, ocorreu em Campo Grande (3,14%), com destaque das quedas do arroz (-31,01%), das frutas (-10,83%) e das carnes (-2,94%).

IPCA - Variação por regiões - no ano - 2024 e 2025

INPC fecha 2025 em 3,90%

A alta acumulada do INPC em 2025 foi de 3,90%, 0,87 p.p. abaixo dos 4,77% registrados em 2024, com os produtos alimentícios registrando alta de 2,63%, enquanto os não alimentícios variaram 4,32%. Em 2024, as variações foram, respectivamente, 7,60% e 3,88%.

INPC - Variação e Impacto por grupos - no ano

Quanto aos índices regionais, a maior variação foi registrada em Vitória (4,82%), especialmente por conta das altas da energia elétrica residencial (17,65%) e do aluguel residencial (9,06%). A menor variação ocorreu em Campo Grande (2,78%), cujo resultado foi influenciado pelo recuo nos preços do arroz (-31,01%), das frutas (-9,56%) e das carnes (-3,00%).

INPC - Variação por regiões - no ano - 2023 e 2024