IPCA-15 is 0.36% in May
May 27, 2025 09h00 AM | Last Updated: May 28, 2025 11h20 AM
The Extended National Consumer Price Index 15 (IPCA-15) rose 0.36% in May, 0.07 percentage points (p.p.) below the rate of April (0.43%). In the year, the IPCA-15 accumulated a rise of 2.80% and, in 12 months, of 5.40%, below the rate of 5.49% registered in 12 immediately previous months. The IPCA-15 had been 0.44% in May 2024.
| Period | Rate |
|---|---|
| May 2025 | 0.36% |
| April 2025 | 0.43% |
| May 2024 | 0.44% |
| Cumulative in the year | 2.80% |
| Cumulative in the last 12 months | 5.40% |
Of the nine groups of products and services surveyed, Transportation (-0.29%) and Household articles (0.07%) registered a negative change in May. Among the other groups, Wearing apparel (0.92%) stood out, followed by Health and personal care (0.91%) and Housing (0.67%). The other groups stayed between the rate of 0.09% in Education and 0.50% in Personal expenses.
| Group | Change (%) | Impact (p.p.) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| April | May | April | May | |
| Overall Index | 0.43 | 0.36 | 0.43 | 0.36 |
| Food and beverages | 1.14 | 0.39 | 0.25 | 0.09 |
| Housing | 0.09 | 0.67 | 0.01 | 0.10 |
| Household articles | 0.37 | -0.07 | 0.01 | 0.00 |
| Wearing apparel | 0.76 | 0.92 | 0.04 | 0.04 |
| Transportation | -0.44 | -0.29 | -0.09 | -0.06 |
| Health and personal care | 0.96 | 0.91 | 0.13 | 0.12 |
| Personal expenses | 0.53 | 0.50 | 0.06 | 0.05 |
| Education | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.01 |
| Communication | 0.52 | 0.27 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
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Source: IBGE, Directorate of Surveys, Division of Price Indexes, National System of Consumer Price Indexes. |
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In the group of Wearing apparel (0.92%), women’s wearing apparel (1.56%), men’s wearing apparel (0.92%) and children´s wearing apparel (0.36%) stood out.
In Health and personal care (0.91%), the result was influenced by pharmaceuticals (1.93%), reflecting the authorization of the adjustment of up to 5.09% in the prices of medicines on March 31.
In the group of Housing (0.67%), residential electricity stood out (1.68% and 0.06 p.p.), the major individual impact on the index. The yellow tariff flag came into force in May, additionally charging R$1.885 per every 100 kWh consumed. The following adjustment in the fare were also recorded: 2.07% in Salvador (2.94%), on April 22; 3.33% in Recife (2.88%), on April 29; and a reduction of 1.68% in the fare in Fortaleza (2.15%), on April 22.
Still in Housing, water and sewage fees (0.51%) considered the following adjustments: 9.98% in Recife (6.45%), on April 26; 4.17% in Goiânia (2.04%), on April 1st; and 6.58% in Porto Alegre (1.27%), on May 4. Piped gas (0.12%) also registered an average adjustment of 0.77% in Rio de Janeiro (0.38%), in force since May 1st.
In the group of Food and beverages (0.39% and 0.09 p.p.), food at home decelerated from 1.29% in April to 0.30% in May. The drop in tomatoes (7.28%), rice (4.31%) and fruits (1.64%) contributed to that result. In contrast, potatoes (21.75%), onions (6.14%) and ground coffee (4.82%) rose.
Food away from home (0.63%) also decelerated in relation to April (0.77%). Having risen 1.23% in April, snacks rose 0.84% in May and meals changed from 0.50% to 0.49% in May.
The result of the group of Transportation (-0.29%) was influenced by the drop in airfare (-11.18%). The negative change in urban bus fares (1.24%) also stood out, due to the zero-fare policy on Sundays and holidays in Brasília (-17.20%) and Belém (-11.44%), which registered an adjustment of 15.00% in the fare on April 14. Fare is reduced on Sundays and holidays in Curitiba (-4.49%) and, in Porto Alegre (1.83%), it was adjusted by 4.17% on March 31.
Subway (0.51%) coupled the adjustment of 5.33% in the fare in Rio de Janeiro (4.78%) on April 12 with the gratuity on Sundays and holidays in Brasília (-17.20%). Taxi (0.49%) reflects the average adjustment of 10.91% in the fare in Porto Alegre (4.79%), in force since March 31.
Still in Transportation, fuel accelerated from -0.38% in April to 0.11% in May, with rises in the prices of ethanol (0.54%) and gasoline (0.14%) and drops in diesel fuel (1.53%) and vehicular gas (0.96%).
IPCA-15 rose in all regions in May
Concerning the regional indexes, the highest change was recorded in Goiânia (0.79%), due to the rises in ethanol (11.84%) and gasoline (4.11%). Conversely, the lowest result occurred in Curitiba (0.18%), whose prices of airfare (10.13%) and fruits (4.13%) dropped.
| Area | Regional Weight (%) | Monthly Change (%) | Cumulative Change (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| April | May | Year | 12 months | ||
| Goiânia | 4.96 | -0.13 | 0.79 | 2.62 | 5.70 |
| Fortaleza | 3.88 | 0.34 | 0.66 | 2.67 | 5.36 |
| Belém | 4.46 | 0.33 | 0.65 | 3.02 | 5.25 |
| Porto Alegre | 8.61 | 0.88 | 0.63 | 3.27 | 5.29 |
| Belo Horizonte | 10.04 | 0.36 | 0.42 | 2.83 | 5.92 |
| São Paulo | 33.45 | 0.56 | 0.28 | 2.76 | 5.59 |
| Brasília | 4.84 | -0.02 | 0.26 | 2.64 | 5.16 |
| Rio de Janeiro | 9.77 | 0.37 | 0.24 | 2.58 | 5.27 |
| Recife | 4.71 | 0.34 | 0.22 | 2.57 | 4.28 |
| Salvador | 7.19 | 0.27 | 0.20 | 2.70 | 4.68 |
| Curitiba | 8.09 | 0.51 | 0.18 | 3.11 | 5.51 |
| Brazil | 100.00 | 0.43 | 0.36 | 2.80 | 5.40 |
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Source: IBGE, Directorate of Surveys, Division of Price Indexes, National System of Consumer Price Indexes. |
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In order to estimate the IPCA-15, prices were collected from April 15 to May 15, 2025 (reference) and compared with those in effect from March 18 to April 14, 2025 (base).
The indicator refers to households with monthly income of 1 to 40 minimum wages and it encompasses the metropolitan areas of Rio de Janeiro, Porto Alegre, Belo Horizonte, Recife, São Paulo, Belém, Fortaleza, Salvador, Curitiba, besides Brasília and the municipality of Goiânia. The methodology is the same as the one used for the IPCA; the difference lies in the period of price collection and in the geographic coverage.
