In September, the estimated production of cereals,

Highlights in the September 2024 estimate against the previous month

Against August, there were drops in the output estimates of potato 2nd crop (11.3% or 152 109 t), sorghum (2.9% or 111 874 t), upland cottonseed (2.7% or 230 351 t), potato 3rd crop (2.6% or 29 944 t), beans 3rd crop (1.0% or 8 047 t), beans 2nd crop (0.9% or 13 102 t), corn 2nd crop (0.1% or 96 150 t), potato 1st crop (0.0% or 68 t), and drops in the output estimate of orange (-13.0% or -1 963 109 t), barley (-8,1% or -37 814 t), wheat (-6.1% or -553 632 t), coffea canephora (-4.7% or -49 953 t), sugarcane (-2.1% or -15 004 711 t), oats (-1.7% or -21 229 t), tomato (-1.6% or -70 662 t), grape (-1.4% or -20 122 t), beans 1^st crop (-1.3% or -12 448 t), soybean (-0.5% or -777 186 t), corn 1^st crop (-0.4% or -84 346 t) and Coffea arabica (-0,2% or -5 358 t).    

By Major Regions, the volume of production of cereals, legumes and oilseeds was distributed as follows: Central West, 145.2 million metric tons (49.2%); South, 79.3 million metric tons (26.9%); Northeast, 25.9 million metric tons (8.8%); Southeast, 25.8 million metric tons (8.7%); and North, 18.9 million metric tons (6.4%).

The main positive results, against the previous month, were those of Mato Grosso (617 212 t), Maranhão (118 911 t), Rondônia (110 316 t), Amazonas (28 735 t) and Rio Grande do Sul (25 117 t). The negative changes were found in São Paulo (-1 245 142 t), Paraná (-768 400 t), Tocantins (-54 624 t), Ceará (-27 199 t), Bahia (-6 725 t), Pernambuco (-6 616 t), Minas Gerais (-4 072 t), Acre (-3 566 t), Alagoas (-1 857 t), Rio Grande do Norte (-948 t), Espírito Santo (-717 t), Amapá (-657 t) and Rio de Janeiro (-1 t).

UPLAND COTTONSEED - The output estimate is 8.8 million metric tons, an increase of 2.7% from the previous month. Against 2023, the increase in production hit 14.2%, with planted area upby 15.6%. The yield of crops is expected to decrease by 1.2% against the previous harvest. With this estimate, the country must hit another record figure in the production of upland cotton.  

POTATO - The production, considering the three crops of the product, is expected to reach 4.4 million metric tons, an increase of 4.3% from the August estimate, When Minas Gerais stands out, having recorded an increase of 12.9% in output, and an estimated production of 1.6 million metric tons, thus accounting for 35.7% of the national production. The 1^st crop is expected to represent 39.4% of the total amount of potatoes produced in the year. The estimated output was 1.7 million metric tons, being stable from August. Against 2023, production was 3.8% smaller, following the reduction of 5.4% in average yield, with an increase of 1.7% in area. The 2^nd crop, which represents 33.8% of the national total, was estimated at 1.5 million metric tons, 11.3% more than in August. For the 3^rd crop, the output estimate was 1.2 million metric tons, with increases of 2.6% Against the previous month and of 8.3% in relation to the same crop in 2023. Production is expected to increase by 24.7% in São Paulo, 7.4% in Minas Gerais, 0.1% in Bahia and drop by 10.3% in Goiás. The 3^rd crop of potato is expected to represent 26.7% of the national overall.

COFFEE BEAN  - The Brazilian output, considering both Species, arabica and Canephora, was estimated at 3.5 million metric tons, or 58.8 million 60 kg sacks, a drop of 1.5% from the previous month, with average yield having fallen by 1.7% and harvested area, increased by 0.1%, respectively.

The estimated production of coffea arabica was 2.5 million metric tons or 41.9 million 60 kg sacks, a drop of 0.2% from August, having increased by 6.2% against the previous year. Bahia registered a drop of 6.4% in output from August, as a result of the decrease of average yield, 6.5%. The production of Bahia recorded a drop of 3.3% against the previous year. In Espírito Santo, third main Brazilian producer of coffea arabica, accounting for a share of 8.6%, there was reevaluation of production in September, with a drop of 5.1%. Against 2023, production presentes an increase of 27.4%. The high temperatures and the delay in the rain period damaged the development of crops, reflecting in the final yield, which can be better measured at the endo f harvest. In São Paulo, second main Brazilian producer of coffea arabica, with 13.5%, output increased by 4.1% from August and 12.8% from 2023. Minas Gerais kept the production informed in August: 1.8 million metric tons or 29.6 million 60 kg sacks, accounting for 70.7% of the Brazilian production of this type of coffee.

For coffea canephora, the output estimate was 1.0 million metric tons or 16.9 million 60 kg sacks, a drop of 4.7% against the previous month. In Espírito Santo, the main Brazilian producer of Conilon with a share of 66.1%, output dropped by 4.0% in September, from August. The output is expected to reach 669.7 thousand metric tons or 11.2 million 60 kg sacks. In Bahia, production also dropped by 5.1%. In Bahia it is expected to reach 144.9 thousand metric tons or 2.4 million 60 kg sacks. In Rondônia, the second main Brazilian producer, accounting for 15.8% in the national total, the estimate recorded a monthly drop of 8.1%. Production is expected to reach 160.6 thousand metric tons or 2.7 million 60 kg sacks, with a prevalence of the Canephora type.  

WINTER CEREALS (grain) – The main winter cereals produced in Brazil are wheat, white oats and barley. As for wheat (grain), output must reach 8.4 million metric tons, a drop of 6.1% from the previous month, an increase of 9.0% against 2023. The South Region is expected to account for 86.9% of this production in 2024. In Paraná, second main producer of wheat, with a participation of 30.5% in the total, output was estimated at 2.6 million metric tons, drops of 17.9% from August and of 28.3% against that in 2023. In Rio Grande do Sul, the main producer in the country, with 51.6% of the national total in 2024, the output estimate reached 4.4 million metric tons, with a drop of 0.2% in relation to August and an increase of 66.3% against what was produced in  2023.  

The production of oats (grain) was estimated at 1.2 million metric tons, a drop of 1.7% from August and an increase of 33.7% against 2023. Average yield dropped by 1.4% Against the previous month and recorded an increase of 34.5% from 2023, when the harsh weather damaged winter crops in the South Region of the country. The main producer of the cereal was Rio Grande do Sul, with 947.3 thousand metric tons, with a decrease of 0.9% in relation to August and an increase of 62.2% in relation to the volume harvested in 2023; and Paraná, with 167.9 thousand metric tons, drops of 10.9% from August and of 32.1% from 2023.  

For barley (grain), the estimated production was 430.1 thousand metric tons, with a drop of 8.1% from August and an increase of 13.4%, against the previous year. Planted area dropped by 11.5%, while the average yield increased by 27.8%. In 2023, the harsh climate damaged winter crops in the South Region of the country, thus reducing the basis for comparison of the current harvest.   

BEAN (grain) – The output estimate of beans for 2024, considering the three crops, must reach 3.1 million metric tons, an increase of 0.3% against the previous month and of 5.5% against the 2023 harvest. Paraná is the main national producer of beans, with an output of 830.7 thousand metric tons or 26.7% of participation in the total output, followed by Minas Gerais, with 532.5 metric tons or a share of 17.1%; and Goiás, with 349.5 thousand metric tons or 11.2% of participation. This production is expected to supply domestic consumption in Brazil, probably without the need of imports. 

The output of 1st harvest beans was 913.7 thousand metric tons, representing 29.4% of national participation considering the three crops, being 1.3% below the estimate of August. In São Paulo, output dropped by 25.1% against the previous month, with harvested area being reduced by 23.3%, as average yield, which fell by 2.4%. Production must reach  28.1 thousand metric tons. In Ceará, output dropped by 2.5% due to a decrease of 2.4% in average yield. The output reached 83.6 thousand metric tons. Beans 2nd crop was estimated at 1.4 million metric tons, corresponding to 45.0% of participation considering the three harvests. Against August, there was an increase of 0.9% of production. The biggest increases in production, Against the previous month, were those of Tocantins (10.9% or 3 726 t), Maranhão (6.5% or 1 177 t), Pernambuco (7.0% or 3 143 t), Minas Gerais (0.6% or 974 t), São Paulo (3.8% or 1 980 t) and Paraná (1.5% or 10 200 t). Paraná is the main producer of beans in this crop, with 669.5 thousand metric tons or 47.8% of the total. As for 3rd crop the output estimate of September was 799.2 thousand metric tons, an increase of 1.0% in output from the previous month. The increase of output estimates were observed in São Paulo (3.8% or 5 293 t), Minas Gerais (0.7% or 1440 t) and Mato Grosso (1.1% or 1 714 t), whereas the main drop was that of Paraná (33.3%). The biggest producers of this crop were Goiás, with 215.5 thousand metric tons; Minas Gerais, with 205.6 thousand metric tons; Mato Grosso, with 152.4 thousand metric tons; and São Paulo, with 145.3 thousand metric tons.  

ORANGE – The output estimate was 13.1 million metric tons, a drop of 13.0% against the result of August. The dry Weather and high temperatures led to the drop of yield by 8.9%, causing problems such as the flower abortion and fruit filling. Also, the area to beharvested dropped by 4.5%, which represents 25 629 hectares. São Paulo is the main producer of oranges, responsible for 72.1% of the national output. The state reevaluated its estimates for September, and reported a drop of 17.2% in production. That is attributable to the smaller size of fruits, due to high temperatures and persistent drought. Espírito Santo also reduced its estimates by 5.7%, due to the lower productivity of orange trees, which were affected by lack of rain and high temperatures. 

CORN (grain) - The estimate for production of corn amounted to 116.7 million metric tons, drop of 11.0% against the previous year and an increase of 11.8 thousand metric tons from August. 

Corn 1st crop presented an output estimate of 22.9 million metric tons, a decrease of 0.4% against the previous month. Except for the Central West Region, which remained stable, the others recorded drops in the monthly estimate: Southeast (-0.9%), North (-0.7%), Northeast (-0.3%) and South (-0.1%). Rio Grande do Sul, the main producer of corn 1st crop, with a national share of 19.7%, recorded a drop of 0.2% in output against August 2024, resulting in 4.5 million metric tons. Against the previous year, there was an increase of 13.9% in production. Minas Gerais is the second main national producer, with a share of 18.1%, and an output of 4.1 million metric tons. This figure represents a reduction of 20.2% against what was produced in the same period in 2023. 

The output estimate for corn 2nd crop amounted to 93.7 million metric tons, an increase of 0.1% from August 2024 and a drop of  9.3% in the annual comparison. The Central West recorded an increase of 0.9% in the monthly output, and represents 73.2% of the nationa output of the cereal in the 2nd crop. The Southeast and South recorded drops in production, of 9.2% and 0.7%, respectively. The North and Northeast also recorded increase (0.1% and 0.6%, respectively). Mato Grosso leads as main national producer, with a share of 50.7%, and an estimated output of 47.5 million metric tons, 1.3% above the previous month. Paraná, 2nd main producer, with a participation of 13.4%, fell by 0.7% in terms of output, against the previous month. with a total 12.5 million metric tons. Against the same period in 2023, there was a drop 11.7% in output. There was a monthly negative adjustment in output in São Paulo (-18.2%), Pernambuco (-11.2%),  Acre (-8.3%), Tocantins (-1.3%), Alagoas (-0.3%) and Espírito Santo (-0.2%). Rondônia and Maranhão recorded an increase of 2.1% and 3.4%, respectively, whereas the other remained stable. 

SOYBEAN (grain) - There was a drop of 0.5% in production from August. Output is expected to reach 144.5 million metric tons, a drop of 4.9% from the amount produced in the previous year. The production may represent almost half of the total of cereals, legumes and oilseeds produced in the country in 2024. There was a monthly drop of 777.2 thousand metric tons, with São Paulo reporting a drop o 16.9% or 739.5 thousand metric tons less in its producion, due o a drop of 17.8% in average yield (2 852 kg/ha). There was delay in planting of soybean in the state, because many farmers did replanting. The production must reach 3.6 million metric tons. Mato Grosso reduced its production by 0.3%, which is equivalent to 126.8 thousand metric tons, and must produce a total of 39.1 million metric tons, accounting for 27.1% of the national production of this oilseed. There were also drops in Paraná (-0.3% or -48.6 thousand metric tons) and in Tocantins (-0.6% or -28.0 thousand metric tons). These Federation Units must produce 18.6 and 4.3 million metric tons, respectively. In the Northeast Region, Alagoas readjusted production by 56.4% upwards, and output must reach 16.8 thousand metric tons, whereas Maranhão, with an estimated production of 4.0 million metric tons, it increased by 2.0% de toneladas, or 76.8 thousand metric tons more than in the previous month. Rondônia was another Federation Unit with a rise in production in September, about 2.33% or 50.7 thousand units more. Output must reach 2.2 million metric tons.  

SORGHUM (grain) – The amount produced was estimated at 3.9 million metric tons, an increase of 2.9% from August and a drop of 8.7% against the harvest in 2023. National average yield was 3 044 kg/ha, with a drop of 6.6% in the annual comparison and an increase of 0.3% in the monthly comparison. Sorghum used 1.3 million hectares, with  1.6% of the areas occupied by cereals, legumes and oilseeds in the 2024 harvest, representing 1.3% of participation in this production.  

TOMATO – The estimate was 4.2 million metric tons, a drop of 1.6% from August, a consequence of the lower average yield (-1.8%). Against the harvest of 2023, production increased by 8.1%, a result of the 4.8% increase in average yield, which reached 73 590 kg/ha, as the bigger use pf planting areas (2.8 %) and a bigger harvested area (3.1%).  

GRAPE – The Brazilian production is expected to reach 1.5 million metric tons, drops of 1.4% against the previous month and of 14.7% against the same period in 2023. The Monthly decrease results from a drop of 0.8% in average yield (19 293 kg/ha) and in planted and harvested area (-0.5%). In the annual comparison, there was a significant decrease in average yield, 14.8%. In São Paulo, which expected to represent 9.9% of the national production, output was measured at 144.8 mil metric tons, a drop of 11.6% against August 2024. Rio Grande do Sul, the main national producer, accounting for 47.9% of the total produced, had a participation of 703.0 thousand metric tons, remaining stable from the previous month. Pernambuco, another important national producer, with a share of 29.7%, estimated its production at 435.2 thousand metric tons, a drop of 2.2% in relation to the previous year.