In June, the production of cereals, legumes and oilseeds estimated for 2024 should add up to 295.9 million tonnes, 6.2% below that obtained in 2023 (315.4 million tonnes), a reduction of 19.5 million tonnes. The production fell 0.3% over May, a decrease of 940.3 thousand tonnes. The area to be harvested was of 78.3 million hectares, a growth of 0.6% over the area harvested in 2023, an increase of 462.7 thousand hectares, and an increase of 8,220 hectares (0.0%) in relation to May.

The three main products, rice, corn and soybeans, together, represented 91.6% of the production estimate and accounted for 87.2% of the area to be harvested. Compared with 2023, increases of 12.5% were registered in the area to be harvested of upland cottonseed, of 7.1% in paddy rice, of 6.9% in beans and of 3.3% in soybeans, and declines of 4.9% in the area for corn (-8.6% in corn - 1st crop and -3.7% in corn - 2nd crop), of 11.0% in wheat and of 4.1% in sorghum. 

Concerning the output, increases of 9.8% were recorded for upland cottonseed; of 4.1% for rice; of 9.0% for beans and of 23.7% for wheat, as well as reductions of 3.4% for soybeans, of 13.3% for corn (reductions of 15,.% for corn - 1st crop and of 12.8% for corn - 2nd crop) and of 10.4% for sorghum.

The estimated production for soybeans was of 146.8 million tonnes. As for corn, the estimate was 113.7 million tonnes (23.6 million tonnes for corn - first crop and 90.1 million tonnes for corn - 2nd crop). The output of rice was estimated at 10.7 million tonnes, that of wheat, at 9.6 million tonnes, that of upland cottonseed, at 8.5 million tonnes and that of sorghum, at 3.9 million tonnes.

The estimated production of cereals, legumes and oilseeds registered a positive annual change in two Major Regions: South (4.8%) and North (9.8%). The other regions changed negatively: Central-West (-12.8%), Southeast (-11.4%) and Northeast (-3.4%). As for the monthly change, the North grew (1.2%), whereas the the Central-West remained stable (0.0%). The other regions declined: Southeast (-3.1%), Northeast (-0.5%) and South (-0.2%).

Mato Grosso led as the biggest nationa producer of grains, with a share of 29.3%, followed by Paraná (13.3%), Rio Grande do Sul (12.7%), Goiás (10.6%), Mato Grosso do Sul (7.3%) and Minas Gerais (5.6%), which, together, represented 78.8% of the total. The regional share showed the following distribution: Central-West (47.5%), South (28.3%), Southeast (9.2%), Northeast (8.8%) and North (6.2%).

Highlights of June 2024 estimate in relation to the previous month

The output estimates of beans - 3rd crop (5.7% or 42,201 t), rice (1.8% or 188,812 t), beans - 1st crop (1.3% or 12,485 t), beans - 2nd crop (0.2% or 2,534 t) and soybeans (0.1% or 140,946 t) increased in relation to May, whereas the production estimates for sorghum (-10.9% or -471,951 t), coffea canephora (-2.1% or -24,006 t), potatoes - 2nd crop (-1.2% or -16,000 t), corn - 2nd crop (-0.8% or -684,475 t), corn - 1st crop (-0.6% or -138,411 t) and coffea arabica (-0.2% or -5,557 t) declined.

Among the Major Regions, the volume of the production of cereals, legumes and oilseeds showed the following distribution: Central-West, 140.4 million tonnes (47.5%), South, 83.7 million tonnes (28.3%), Southeast, 27.2 million tonnes (9.2%), Northeast, 26.1 million tonnes (8.8%) and North, 18.5 million tonnes (6.2%).

The major positive absolute changes in the production estimates, in relation to the previous mont, occurred in Tocantins (207,497 t), Ceará (19,907 t), Rondônia (7,918 t), Acre (6,171 t), Pará (468 t), Amazonas (185 t), Rio Grande do Norte (129 t) and Rio de Janeiro (37 t). The negative changes occurred in Minas Gerais (-878,871 t), Paraná (-138,800 t), Bahia (-138,266 t), Pernambuco (-25,190 t), Amapá (-1,010 t), Espírito Santo (-383 t) and Maranhão (-138 t).

PADDY RICE – The estimate for 2024 pointed to an output of 10.7 million tonnes, an increase of 1.8% in relation to the estimate of the previous month, and a growth of 4.1% in relation to the volume produced in 2023. This increase was due to the planted area, which rose 6.7%, whereas the average yield retracted 2.8%. The output of rice in 2024 should closely address the domestic consumption in Brazil.

POTATOES –Considering the three crops of the product, the output should reach 4.3 million tonnes, a decline of 0.4% in relation to the May´s estimate. The Brazilian production of potatoes should grow 0.3% in relation to 2023.

The first crop should contribute with 41.2% of the total amount of potatoes to be produced in the year. The estimated production was of 1.8 million tonnes, remaining stable in relation to the May´s estimate. The estimated output stayed 3.4% lower in relation to 2023, following the reduction of 5.0% in the average yield and the harvested area grown 1.7%. The second crop, which represents 31.7% of the total production, was estimated at 1.4 million tonnes, 1,2% lower than the May´s estimate. The area to be harvested remained unchanged and the average yield got 1.2% lower. For the third crop, the estimated output was of 1.2 million tonnes, remaining stable in relation to the previous month and growing 5.6% in relation to 2023.

COFFEE (bean) - Considering the two species, arabica and canephora, the Brazilian production estimate of coffee amounted to 3.7 million tonnes, or 60.9 million 60-kg sacks, with decrease of 0.8% against the previous month and a growth of 6.9% against 2023. The weather in 2023/2024 has benefited the crops in the Brazilian center-south. In addition, the current harvest is of biennial positive bearings for coffea arabica, which should result in an increase in the output of this type of coffee. Also favored by the weather, the harvest in the previous year was considered quite good, rising the comparison basis.

For coffea arabica, the production was estimated at 2.5 million tonnes or 42.2 million 60-kg sacks, a decline of 0.2% in relation to May and a growth of 6.9% in relation to the previous year. Although the harvest of coffea arabica is of negative biennial bearings in 2023, the production estimate grew when compared with 2022, since the weather benefited the crops, reversing such biennial bearings." A positive biennial bearings was expected for the harvest in the current year, so an increase in the output in relation to the previous year.

For coffea canephora, the production estimate was of 1.1 million tonnes or 18.7 million 60-kg sacks, a reduction of 2.1% in relation to the previous month. Although the planted area increased 0.5%, the average yield dropped 2.6%.  The output should increase 6.9% in relation to 2023, a result of the growth of 3.5% in the average yield and of 3.2% in the harvested area.

BEAN (seed) - Considering the three crops of the product, the estimate of the output of beans for 2024 should reach 3.2 million tonnes, a growth of 1.8% in relation to the previous month and of 9.0% in relation to 2023. This production should address the Brazilian domestic consumption in 2024, not requiring to import the product.

The production of the first crop of beans was of 1.0 million tonnes, an increase of 1.3% over the May´s estimate. The expected average yield was 1.4% higher, whereas the area to be harvested expected a reduction of 0.1%. The annual comparison for the first crop pointed out a rise of 3.5% in the estimated production, mainly due to the increase of 4.1% in the average yield, since the harvested area declined 0.6%.

The second crop of beans was estimated at 1.4 million tonnes, an increase of 0.2% over the last surveying. The estimate for the average yield was reduced by 0.4% and that of the area to be harvested increased by 0.6% in relation to the last surveying. This production estimate for the second crop was higher than that of 2023 by 19.4%, following the increases of 17.6% in the area to be harvested and of 1.5% in the average yield.

Concerning the third crop of beans, the estimated output was of 778.5 thousand tonnes, an increase of 5.7% in the estimated output and of 5.9% in the area to be harvested. A reduction of 0.2% was expected for the average yield in relation to that estimated in May.

CORN (grain) - The estimate for corn production recorded a drop in the monthly output of 0.7%, adding up to to 113.7 million tonnes, being related to the drop of 0.5% in the average yield (5,405 kg/ha), as well as in the harvested area (-0.2%).  The output of thi cereal fell 13.3% in relation to 2023, very influenced by the significant reduction in the productivity (-8.9%), as well as in the harvested area (-4.9%).

For corn - 1st crop, the estimated output hit 23.6 million tonnes, a reduction of 0.6% in relation to May, with losses in the average yield and in the planted area, 0.5% and 0.1%, respectively. The estimate for corn - 2nd crop forecasts an output of 90.1 million tonnes, a value that represented a monthly reduction of 0.8% or 684.5 thousand tonnes, a drop of 0.5% in the average yield, being estimated at 5,526 kg/ha.

SOYBEAN GRAINS -There was an increase of 0.1% in the production estimate in relation to May, due to an improvement of the same value in the average yield. The output should hit 146.8 million tonnes, a decrease of 3.4% in relation to the production in the previous year. An increased of 140.9 thousand tonnes was registered.

SORGHUM (grain) - The June´s estimate for the production of sorghum was of 3.9 million tonnes, a drop of 10.9% over what was forecast in May and of 10.4% in relation to that obtained in the 2023 harvest. The average yield of was 3,045 kg/ha, dropping 6.6% in the annual comparison and 9.8% in the monthly one. Sorghum occupied 1.3 million hectares, 1.6% of the areas destined to cereals, legumes and oilseeds in the 2024 harvest, representing 1.3% of share in this production. Compared with May, the drop in the output was due to the smaller performance of the crop and, at a lower percentage, to the reduction in the area.