In June, the estimated output of cereals, legumes and oilseeds for 2023 was 307.3 million tonnes, 16.8% (or 44.2 million tonnes) above the amount in 2022 (263.2 million tonnes) and 0.6% above the amount estimated in May. The area to be harvested amounts to 76.9 million hectares, 5.2% more than in 2022 and 0.5% above the area estimated in May.

Rice, corn and soybeans were the three main products in this group. They represented 92.1% of the output estimate and accounted for 87.2% of the area to be harvested. Against 2022, there were increases of 24.1% for soybeans, 2.8% for upland cottonseed, 34.0% for sorghum and 13.0% for corn, with increases of 10.6% for corn-1st crop and of 13.7% for corn -2nd crop, and 5.8% for wheat. Paddy rice dropped by 6.0%.

As for the area to be harvested, there were increases of 4.0% in the area for corn (1.2% relative to the 1st crop and 4.9% relative to the 2nd crop), of 22.3% in the area for upland cottonseed, of 22.3% in the area for sorghum, of 5.7% in that for wheat and of 6.4% in the area for soybean, with drops of 5.9% and 2.8% in the areas for rice and beans, respectively.

The estimate of June for soybeans was 148.4 million tonnes and for corn, 124.5 million tonnes (28.1 million tonnes of corn - 1st crop and 96.3 million tonnes of corn - 2nd crop). The output of rice was estimated at 10.0 million tonnes, of wheat, at 10.6 million tonnes, of upland cottonseed, at 6.9 million tonnes and sorghum, at 3.8 million tonnes.  

The output estimate of cereals, legumes and oilseeds recorded a positive annual change in five Major Regions: South (26.9%), Central-West (16.9%), Southeast (4.7%), North (16.6%) and Northeast (3.4%). As for the monthly change, the Northeast Region (0.1%), the Central West (0.9%), the Southeast Region (0.4%) and the South Region (2.8%) recorded increases. The South Region was stable (0.0%).  

Highlights in the June 2023 estimate against the previous month  

From May, there were increases in estimtes for sorghum (2.8% or 104,765 t), corn - 2nd crop (1.5% or 1,432,187 t), cacao (1.2% or 3,584 t), corn - 1st crop (0.8% or 218,075 t), wheat (0.3% or 33,868 t), soybeans (0.1% or 180,466 t), and decreases in output estimates of coffea canaphora (-1.5% or -15,583 t), rice (-0.4% or -44,797 t), beans - 3rd crop (-0.3% or -2,260 t), beans - 2nd crop (-0.3% or – 3,506 t), coffea arabica (-0.1% or – 1,998 t) and beans - 1st crop (-0.1% or -675 t).  

Among the Federation Units, Mato Grosso led is the main producer of grain, with a share of 30.1%, followed by Paraná (15.2%), Rio Grande do Sul (9.6%), Goiás (9.6%), Mato Grosso do Sul (8.9%) and Minas Gerais (5.9%), which, together, accounted for 80.1% of the national output. As for participation of the Brazilian Major Regions, the distribution is as follows: Central-West (49.7%), South (27.1%), Southeast (9.5%), Northeast (8.6%) and North (5.1%).

PADDY RICE – The output estimate is 10.0 million metric tons, with a decrease of 0.4% from the previous month; harvested area and average yield decreased by 0.4% and 0.1%, respectively. Against 2022, production dropped by 6.0%. Despite this decrease, the production of rice is expected to supply the Brazilian domestic consumption in 2023.  

CACAO NUT – The output estimate was 290.4 thousand tonnes, an increase of 0.1% in the year and 1.2% against May. The area used in production is 622.0 thousand hectares, which indicates an increase of 0.3%, both in the year, and in the month. The average yield is 483 kg/ha, and registered an increase of 1.0% from May and a decrease of 0.2% in the year.

COFFE BEAN – Considering the two species, arabica and canephora, the Brazilian production estimate of coffee for 2023 reached 3.3 million tonnes, or 55.1 million 60-kg sacks, with a decrease of 0.5% against the previous month and an increase of 5.3% against 2022. The average yield of 1 729 kg/ha, in turn, decreased by 0.9% in the monthly comparison and increased by 2.2% in the annual one.  

The estimated production of coffea arabica , was 2.3 million tonnes or 38.4 million 60-kg sacks, a drop of 0.1% from may, and an increase of 13.3% against the previous year. In 2023, although the harvest of coffea arabica oscillates between positive and negative results, being mainly negative now, it recorded an increase from 2022, once the weather has helped crops and promoted an inversion of this phenomenon.

As for coffea canephora, mostly known as conillon, the estimated output was 999.4 million metric tons or 16.7 million 60-kg sacks, a drop of 1.5% in relation to the previous month and of 9.5% against 2022. In the monthly comparison, planted area and harvested area increased by 1.3%, whereas the average yield dropped by 2.8%.  

BEAN SEED – The estimated output of beans for 2023, considering the three crops, was 3.1 million tonnes, a drop of 0.2% against May. In relation to the annual change, the output estimate increased by 0.4%, with the area to be harvested dropping by 2.8%, whereas average yield increased by 3.2%. The Brazilian production of beans in 2023 must supply domestic demand, wihout the need of importing the product.

The 1st crop of beans was estimated at 1.1 million tonnes, a decrease of 0.1% against the estimate of May, as a result of the increase of 0.4% in average yield and of the drop of 0.4% in harvested area. Against the previous year, there were increases of 2.3% in output and of 6.2% in average yield, with a decrease of 3.7% in harvested area.

The 2nd crop of beans was estimated at 1.3 million tonnes, a retreat of 0.3% from the and a reduction of 0.3% in the area to be harvested. The second crop represented 42.8% of the total amount of beans produced in Brazil in 2023. Regarding the annual change, the output estimate of the second crop of beans declined 1.7% from 2022. For the average yield, an increase of 0.7% and a decrease of 2.4% were estimated.  

As for the 3rd crop of beans , the estimated production was 657.2 thousand tonnes, with a decrease of 0.3% against the estimate of May, with an increase of 0.3% in the area to be harvested and a decrease of 0.6% in the average yield. Against the previous year, the output estimate increased by 1.74%, with the estimate of average yield growing by 0.4% and that of the area to be harvested increasing by 1.0%.

CORN GRAIN – The production estimate of corn hit 124.5 million tonnes, representing an increase of 1.3% (or 1.7 million tonnes more) from May. Against 2022, there were increases of 13.0%, being 8.6% in average yield (5 640 kg/ha), 3.5% in planted area and 4.0% in harvested area. The Brazilian output of corn is a record in the IBGE time series, due to the increase in planted area and of average yield, as a result of more beneficial weather conditions this year.

Corn - 1st crop recorded an increase of 0.8% in output against the previous month, having amounted to 28.1 million tonnes. Against the same period in 2022, this increase reached 10.6%, also due to increases in average yield, of 9.3% (5 261 kg/ha) and in harvested area, of 1.2%.

The output estimate for corn 2nd crop recorded an increase of 1.5% againt the previous month, which means 1.4 million tonnes more, adding up to 96.3 million tonnes. What accounts for this result is the increase in average yield, of 0.6% (5 762kg/ha), as well as of 0.9% in the areas planted and harvested, to 16.7 million hectares.

SOYBEAN GRAIN– The national output of soybeans is expected to reach 148.4 million tonnes, an increase of 0.1% against 2022, and that may represent almost half of the total cereals, legumes and oilseeds produced in Brazil in 2023. Recovery of crop productivity in most of the country, against the average reached in 2022, is the main factor accounting for the increase in output.

SORGHUM GRAIN– The output is expected to reach 3.8 million tonnes, and increases of 2.8% against the result of May, and of 34.% against the figure registered in 2022. This record output is a result of the time series surveyed by the IBGE. The increase of production has been followed by expansion of planted areas in the North, Southeast and Central West.

WHEAT GRAIN – The output of wheat is expected to reach 10.6 million tonnes, wi increases of 0.3% from May and 5.8% from 2022, when Brazil harvested the biggest amount in history. If this figure is confirmed, in 2023, Brazil will have its biggest harvest of wheat in history. The area to be planted increased by 0.4% from the previous month, with average yield having decreased by 0.1% ( 3 202 kg/ha).

In the annual comparison, planted area grew by 5.7%, whereas the average yield increased by 0.1%. Therefore, given the continuatio of good weather conditions in 2022, the increase of planted area must guarantee considerable increment in the output of this cereal in 2023.