Continuous PNAD: unemployment rate is 8.3%, underutilization rate is 18.2% in quarter ending in May
June 30, 2023 09h00 AM | Last Updated: July 03, 2023 04h19 PM
The unemployment rate (8.3%) of the quarter between March and May 2023 dropped 0.3 percentage points (p.p.) in relation to the quarter ended in February 2023 (8.6%) and 1.5 p.p. against the same period of the previous year (9.8%).
| Indicator/Period | Mar-Apr-May 2023 | Dec-Jan-Feb 2023 | Mar-Apr-May 2022 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unemployment rate | 8.3% | 8.6% | 9.8% |
| Underutilization rate | 18.2% | 18.8% | 21.8% |
| Usual real earnings | R$2,901 | R$2,908 | R$2,723 |
| Change of usual real earnings in relation to: | -0.2% (stable) | 6.6% | |
The unemployed population (8.9 million persons) also reduced in both comparisons: -3.0% (less 279 thousand persons) over the previous quarter and -15.9% (less 1.7 million persons) in the year.
The contingent of employed persons (98.4 million) remained stable against the previous quarter and increased 0.9% (more 884 thousand persons) against the same quarter a year ago.
Estimated at 56.4%, the employment-population ratio – percentage of employed persons in the working-age population – remained stable in both comparisons.
The composite underutilization rate (18.2%) retreated 0.7 p.p. in relation to the quarter from December 2022 to February 2023 (18.8%) and dropped 3.7 p.p. against the quarter ended in May 2022 (21.8%). The underutilized population (20.7 million persons) dropped 4.2% from the previous quarter and 18.5% in the annual comparison.
The time-related underemployed population (5.1 million) stood stable against the previous quarter and decreased 23.4% in the year.
The population out of the workforce (67.1 million persons) grew 0.6% against the previous quarter (more 382 thousand persons) and 3.6% in the annual comparison (more 2.3 million).
The discouraged population (3.7 million persons) fell 6.2% from the previous quarter (less 244 thousand persons) and 14.3% (less 621 thousand persons) in the annual comparison.
The percentage of discouraged workers in the workforce or discouraged population (3.4%) dropped 0.2 p.p. over the quarter quarter and 0.5 p.p. in the year.
The number of workers with a formal employment contract in the private sector (except domestic workers) amounted to 36.8 million persons, being stable against the previous quarter and having increased 3.5% (more 1.83 million persons) in the annual comparison.
The number of persons employed without a formal contract in the private sector (12.9 million persons) remained stable in the quarter and in the year.
The number of self-employed workers (25.2 million persons) remained stable against the previous quarter and dropped 1.7% in the year (less 437 thousand persons).
The number of domestic workers (5.7 million persons) was stable against both the previous quarter and the quarter ended in May 2022.
The number of employers (41. million persons) remained stable in both comparisons.
The number of employees in the public sector (12.1 million persons) grew 2.8% compared to the previous quarter and 3.9% in the annual comparison.
The informality rate was 38.9% of the employed population (or 38.3 million informal workers) against 38.9% in the previous quarter and 40.1% in the same quarter a year ago.
The usual real earnings (R$2,901) stood stable against the previous quarter and increased 6.6% in the year. The usual real wage bill (R$280.9 billion) was also stable from the previous quarter, but increased 7.9% in the annual comparison.
In the moving quarter between March and May 2023, the workforce (employed and unemployed persons) was estimated at 107.3 million persons, remaining stable against the quarter from December 2022 to February 2023, and dropping 0.7% against the same quarter last year.
Compared with the previous moving quarter, according to the activity groups investigated by the survey, the group of Public administration, defense, social security, education, human health and social services increased (2.5% or more 429 thousand persons). The group of Agriculture, livestock, forestry, fishing and aquaculture reduced (-1.9% or less 158 thousand persons).
In relation to the quarter from March to May 2022, the following groups rose: Transportation, storage and mailing (4.2% or more 216 thousand persons), Information, communication and financial, real estate, professional and administrative activities (3.8% or more 440 thousand persons) and Public administration, defense, social security, education, human health and social services (4.5% or more 764 thousand persons). The following groups recorded decreases: Agriculture, livestock, forestry, phishing and aquaculture (-6.2% or less 542 thousand persons) and Construction (-3.7% or less 274 thousand persons).
The average usual real earnings (R$2,901) of all groups remained stable over the previous quarter. The following groups increased in the annual comparison: Agriculture, livestock, forestry, fishery and aquaculture (6.8% or more R$120), Industry (5.5% or more R$143), Construction (8.6% or more R$186), Trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (6.6% or more R$149), Housing and food (10.7% or more R$190), Information, communication and financial, real estate, professional and administrative activities (6.3% or more R$244), Public administration, defense, social security, education, human health and social services (4.8% or more R$186) and Domestic services (6.1% or more R$65). The other groups did not record significant changes.
In terms of employment type against the previous quarter, Employees in the public sector (including statutory officials and the military) reduced (-1.7% or less R$76). The other categories did not record significant changes. In the annual comparison, all the types increased: Employees with a formal contract (3.8% or more R$98), Employees without a formal contract (5.9% or more R$108), Domestic workers (6.1% or more R$65), Employees in the public sector (including statutory officials and the military) (4.7% or more R$194), Employers (17.1% or more R$1,056) and Self-employed persons (7.5% or more R$163).
