The Extended National Consumer Price Index 15 (IPCA-15) was 0.57% in April, 0.12 percentage points (pp) below the March rate (0.69%). In the year, the IPCA-15 accumulated an increase of 2.59% and, in 12 months, of 4.16%, below the 5.36% registered in the previous 12 months. In April 2022, the rate was 1.73%. 

In April, all nine groups of products and services surveyed had increase. The biggest change (1.44%) and the biggest impact on the month's index (0.29 pp) came from Transportation, which had risen by 1.50% in March. Next came the Health and personal care (1.04%) and Housing (0.48%), which contributed with 0.14 pp and 0.07 pp, respectively. Food and beverages (0.04%) decelerated compared to March (0.20%). The other groups were between 0.06% for Communication and 0.39% for Apparel.

The increase in the Transportation group (1.44%) was driven by the increase in gasoline prices (3.47%), which exerted the greatest individual impact on the April IPCA-15 (0.17 pp). In addition, there was also an increase in ethanol prices (1.10%), which had already risen 1.96% in March. Diesel fuel (-2.73%) and vehicular gas (-2.17%) decreased, against the trend of other fuels (2.84%). It is also worth mentioning the 11.96% increase in airfares, after the 5.32% drop in March.

Also in Transportation, the increase in urban buses (0.94%) is due to the 15.75% increase in fares in Fortaleza (14.17%), effective on March 19, and 9.09% in Curitiba (4.71%), in force on March 1st. In the subway sub-item (0.16%), it is worth highlighting the 6.15% fare increase, effective on April 12 in Rio de Janeiro (0.46%). The increase of 0.07% in the taxi sub-item is a consequence of the residual appropriation of the 11.54% price increase in Belo Horizonte (0.65%), in force since February 13th.

In Health and personal care (1.04%), the largest contribution (0.06 pp) came from pharmaceutical products (1.86%), after the increase authorization of up to 5.60% in the price of medicines, starting on March 31st. Personal hygiene items decelerated, changing from 2.36% in March to 0.35% in April, influenced by perfumes (-1.99%). In addition, health plans (1.20%) continue to incorporate the monthly shares of the price rise of the new and old plans for the 2022 to 2023 cycle.

In the Housing group (0.48%), the highlight was residential electricity, with a rise of 0.84% and a contribution of 0.03 pp. Area changes were between -1.36% in Porto Alegre and 7.18% in Rio de Janeiro, where increases of 7.49% and 6.00% were applied by the two concessionaires surveyed, both effective since March 15 . The group was also influenced by the acceleration in residential rent (0.53%), which had risen by 0.15% in March.

The deceleration in Food and beverages (from 0.20% in March to 0.04% in April) is due to the negative change in food at home (-0.15%). It is worth mentioning the falls in the prices of potatoes (-7.31%), onions (-5.64%), soybean oil (-4.75%) and meats (-1.34%) . Among the highs, the highlight was hen eggs, whose prices rose 4.36% in April.

Food away from home changed from 0.68% in March to 0.55% in April. Snacks slowed down (from 1.02% in March to 0.82% in April), while meals (0.52%) recorded a result close to the previous month (0.50%).

All surveyed areas were increased in April. The biggest change was in Curitiba (0.85%), where the main contribution came from gasoline (6.40%). The lowest change was in Belo Horizonte (0.27%), influenced by falls of 6.19% in fruits and 13.30% in tomatoes.

To calculate the IPCA-15, prices were collected between March 16 and April 13, 2023 (reference) and compared with those in effect from February 11 to March 15, 2023 (base). The indicator refers to families with an income of 1 to 40 minimum wages and covers the Metropolitan Areas of Rio de Janeiro, Porto Alegre, Belo Horizonte, Recife, São Paulo, Belém, Fortaleza, Salvador and Curitiba, in addition to Brasília and the municipality of Goiânia. The methodology used is the same as the IPCA's, the difference is in the price collection period and geographic coverage.