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IPCA was 1.06% in April

May 11, 2022 09h00 AM | Last Updated: May 11, 2022 05h13 PM

Period Rate (%)
April 2022 1.06
March 2022 1.62
April 2021 0.31
Cumulative in the year 4.29
Cumulative in the last 12 months 12.13

The Extended National Consumer Price Index (IPCA) was 1.06% in April, standing 0.56 percentage points (p.p.) below the March´s rate (1.62%). It was the highest change for April since 1996 (1.26%).

The cumulative index in the year stayed at 4.29% and, in the last 12 months, at 12.13%, above the rate of 11.30% registered in the 12 immediately previous months.

The monthly change had been 0.31% in April 2021.

Eight out of nine groups of products and services surveyed recorded price rises in April. The highest change (2.06%) and the biggest impact (0.43 p.p.) came from Food and beverages. It was followed by Transportation (1.91% and 0.42 p.p. of impact). Together, the two groups contributed with nearly 80% of the April´s IPCA. The groups of Health and personal care (1.77%) and Household articles (1.53%) also accelerated. The only group to drop was Housing (-1.14%). The other changes ranged between 0.06% in Education and 1.26% in Wearing apparel.

Group Change (%) Impact (p.p.)
March April March April
Overall Index 1.62 1.06 1.62 1.06
Food and Beverages 2.42 2.06 0.51 0.43
Housing 1.15 -1.14 0.18 -0.18
Household Articles 0.57 1.53 0.02 0.06
Wearing Apparel 1.82 1.26 0.08 0.06
Transportation 3.02 1.91 0.65 0.42
Health and Personal Care 0.88 1.77 0.11 0.22
Personal Expenses 0.59 0.48 0.06 0.05
Education 0.15 0.06 0.01 0.00
Communication -0.05 0.08 0.00 0.00
Source: IBGE, Diretoria de Pesquisas, Coordenação de Índices de Preços

The result of Food and beverages (2.06%) was mainly due to the rise in the prices of food for consumption at home (2.59%) The biggest contribution (0.07 p.p.) within this group came from long-life milk, whose prices increased 10.31% in April. Moreover, several other important components of the basket consumed by Brazilians rose, like potatoes (18.28%), tomatoes (10.18%), soybean oil (8.24%), French bread (4.52%) and meat (1.02%).

In food away from home (0.62%), meals increased 0.42%, after recording 0.60% in March. Having risen 0.98% against 0.76% in the previous month, snacks accelerated in April.

In the group of Transportation (1.91%), the rise was mainly influenced by the price of fuels (3.20% and 0.25 p.p.). Gasoline increased 2.48% and exerted an impact of 0.17 p.p. on the month´s index. The prices of ethanol (8.44%), diesel fuel (4.74%) and vehicular gas (0.24%) also rose.

In public transportation, the positive change in the sub-item taxi (9.16%) was due to the adjustments of 41.51% in the fare in São Paulo (38.76%) since April 2, and of 14.10% in the fare in Fortaleza (8.46%) since April 12. The rise in subway (3.64%) reflected the adjustment of 12.07% in Rio de Janeiro (11.21%), in force since April 2.

The change of 0.42% in urban bus was due to the adjustments in the prices of fare in three areas included in the index: Belém (9.89%), an adjustment of 11.11% since March 28; Curitiba (1.66%), an adjustment of 22.23% since March 1 and São Luís (0.26%), an adjustment of 5.40% since February 27.

The sub-item intercity bus (0.28%) rose due to the adjustments applied in three areas under the scope of the index: Campo Grande (2.52%), an adjustment of 10.06% since April 1; Porto Alegre (1.24%), an adjustment of 7.33% since April 14; and Curitiba (0.64%), an adjustment of 5.56% in force since March 15.

Still in Transportation, the rises in airfare (9.48%), ride sharing apps (4.09%) and voluntary insurance of vehicles (3.31%) stood out. New cars (0.44%) and motorcycles (1.02%) remained rising, whereas used cars (-0.47%) dropped after 21 consecutive months of rises.

The acceleration in the group of Health and personal care (1.77%) was mainly due to the rise noticed in the prices of pharmaceuticals (6.13%), which contributed with 0.19 p.p. to the overall index. On April 1st, an adjustment of 10.89% was authorized in the price of medicines, depending on the therapeutic class.

The highest changes came from hormonal medicines (7.96%) and hypotensive and hypocholesterolemic medicines (6.81%). Moreover, products of personal hygiene also rose (0.85%), impacting 0.03 p.p. Health insurance plans (-0.69%) remained on the negative side, reflecting the negative adjustment of -8.19% applied by the National Regulatory Agency for Private Health Insurance and Plans (ANS) last year.

Household articles also accelerated in April (1.53%) against the change of 0.57% last month. The highlights were household appliances and equipment (2.25%), furniture (1.60%) and TV, sound and computers (1.53%).

Housing was the only group with a negative change (-1.14%), leveraged by the drop in the prices of electricity (-6.27%). The green tariff flag came into force on April 16, with no additional charge in the electricity fare. The water scarcity flag was in force since September last year, adding R$14.20 to each 100 kWh consumed. Several areas of the index were adjusted, according to the following table:

Electricity
Area Change (%) Adjustment (%) Date
Rio de Janeiro* 0.07% 15.58 and 17.30 March 15
Campo Grande -2.33% 17.14 April 16
Salvador -3.41% 20.97 April 22
Fortaleza -3.45% 24.23 April 22
Aracaju -6.18% 16.81 April 22
Recife -5.94% 18.77 April 29
Source: IBGE, Diretoria de Pesquisas, Coordenação de Índices de Preços

On the other hand, bottled gas (3.32%) and piped gas (1.38%) rose. The last sub-item was adjusted by 7.72% in Rio de Janeiro (4.07%) since March 16.

The highest change occurred in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro (1.39%), where the rises of pharmaceuticals (6.38%) and gasoline (2.62%) weighted. The lowest change occurred in the metropolitan area of Salvador (0.67%), where the prices of gasoline (-3.90%) and electricity (-3.41%) dropped.

Area Regional Weight (%) Change (%) Cumulative Change (%)
March April Year 12 months
Rio de Janeiro 9.43 1.67 1.39 5.08 11.95
Aracaju 1.03 1.43 1.36 5.04 11.98
Campo Grande 1.57 1.73 1.21 4.69 12.85
Belém 3.94 1.47 1.21 4.37 9.65
Brasília 4.06 1.41 1.21 4.11 10.80
Porto Alegre 8.61 1.61 1.13 2.65 11.42
Recife 3.92 1.53 1.12 4.09 12.24
Belo Horizonte 9.69 1.44 1.06 4.44 11.51
São Paulo 32.28 1.46 1.06 4.26 12.05
São Luís 1.62 2.06 1.03 5.05 12.89
Fortaleza 3.23 1.69 0.98 4.23 11.56
Rio Branco 0.51 1.35 0.90 4.11 12.13
Curitiba 8.09 2.40 0.85 5.09 14.82
Vitória 1.86 1.50 0.83 3.81 12.45
Goiânia 4.17 2.10 0.81 4.64 12.87
Salvador 5.99 1.53 0.67 3.95 12.78
Brazil 100.00 1.62 1.06 4.29 12.13
Source: IBGE, Diretoria de Pesquisas, Coordenação de Índices de Preços

The IPCA has been calculated by the IBGE since 1980. It refers to households with monthly income of 1 to 40 minimum wages, whatever the source. It encompasses ten metropolitan areas in Brazil, besides the municipalities of Goiânia, Campo Grande, Rio Branco, São Luís, Aracaju and Brasília. In order to estimate the index of the month, the prices collected from March 31 to April 29, 2022 (reference) were compared with the prices in force from February 26 to March 30, 2022 (base).

INPC rises 1.04% in April

The National Consumer Price Index (INPC) rose 1.04% in April, below that registered in the previous month (1.71%). It was the highest change for April since 2003 (1.38%). The INPC accumulated a rise of 4.49% in the year and, in the last 12 months, of 12.47%, above the rate of 11.73% registered in the 12 immediately previous months. In April 2021, the rate had been 0.38%.

Food products changed from 2.39% to 2.26% in April. Non-food products also decelerated and recorded 0.66% against 1.50% in the previous month.

The INPC rose in all the areas surveyed. The lowest figure was reported in the municipality of Goiânia (0.65%), due to the drop in electricity (-10.49%). The highest change, in turn, was registered in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro (1.45%), influenced by the rises of 13.57% in long-life milk and of 6.25% in pharmaceuticals.

Area Regional Weight (%) Change (%) Cumulative Change (%)
March April Year 12 months
Rio de Janeiro 9.38 1.77 1.45 5.15 12.36
Campo Grande 1.73 1.85 1.37 5.15 13.26
Aracaju 1.29 1.49 1.33 5.16 11.93
Brasília 1.97 1.46 1.25 4.40 11.52
Recife 5.60 1.64 1.14 4.40 12.23
Rio Branco 0.72 1.55 1.11 4.43 11.82
São Luís 3.47 2.05 1.11 5.09 12.53
Belém 6.95 1.44 1.10 4.35 9.45
Porto Alegre 7.15 1.71 1.08 2.68 11.65
Belo Horizonte 10.35 1.49 1.04 4.64 11.82
Fortaleza 5.16 1.67 1.03 4.27 11.80
São Paulo 24.60 1.58 0.98 4.56 12.96
Curitiba 7.37 2.54 0.92 5.13 15.20
Salvador 7.92 1.66 0.84 4.36 13.54
Vitória 1.91 1.56 0.72 3.72 12.58
Goiânia 4.43 2.13 0.65 4.66 12.70
Brazil 100.00 1.71 1.04 4.49 12.47
Source: IBGE, Diretoria de Pesquisas, Coordenação de Índices de Preços

The INPC has been calculated by the IBGE since 1979. It refers to households with monthly income of 1 to 5 minimum wages, with a salaried head of the household. It encompasses ten metropolitan areas in Brazil, besides the municipalities of Goiânia, Campo Grande, Rio Branco, São Luís, Aracaju and Brasília. In order to estimate the index of the month, the prices collected from March 31 to April 29, 2022 (reference) were compared with the prices in force from February 26 to March 30, 2022 (base).