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IPCA rises 1.25% in October

November 10, 2021 09h00 AM | Last Updated: November 12, 2021 06h07 PM

The Extended National Consumer Price Index (IPCA) of October was 1.25%, 0.09 percentage points (pp) above September's rate (1.16%). It was the highest change from one month to the other since 2002 (1.31%). The cumulative index in the year stayed at 8.24% and, in the last 12 months, at 10,67%, above the rate of 10.25 registered in the 12 previous months. In October 2020, the monthly change amounted to 0.86%.

Period Rate
October 2021 1.25%
September 2021 1.16%
October 2020 0.86%
Cumulative in the year 8.24%
Cumulative in the last 12 months 10.67%

All the nine groups of products and services surveyed recorded price rises in October. The greatest impact (0.55 pp) and the greatest change (2.62%) came from Transportation, which accelerated in relation to September (1.82%). The second greatest contribution (0,24 pp) came from Food and beverages (1.17%), whereas the second greatest change came from the Wearing apparel group (1.80%). The highlights are the results of Housing, with rise of 1.04% and 0.17 pp of impact and Household articles, which changed 1.27%, contributing with 0.05 pp to the index of the month. The other groups stood between Education (with 0.06%) and Personal expenses (with 0.75%).

Group Change (%) Impact (pp)
Sept Oct Sept Oct
General Index 1.16 1.25 1.16 1.25
Foods and beverages 1.02 1.17 0.21 0.24
Housing 2.56 1.04 0.41 0.17
Household articles 0.90 1.27 0.04 0.05
Wearing apparel 0.31 1.80 0.01 0.08
Transportation 1.82 2.62 0.38 0.55
Health and personal care 0.39 0.39 0.05 0.05
Personal expenses 0.56 0.75 0.06 0.08
Education -0.01 0.06 0.00 0.00
Communication 0.07 0.54 0.00 0.03
Source: IBGE. Diretoria de Pesquisas. Coordenação de Índices de Preço

The increase in Transportation (2.62%) is mainly due to fuel prices (3.21%). Gasoline rose 3.10% and had the biggest individual impact on the month's index (0.19 pp). It was the sixth consecutive rise in the prices of this fuel, which accumulates increases of 38.29% in the year and 42.72% in the last 12 months. In addition, the prices of diesel fuel (5.77%), ethanol (3.54%) and vehicle gas (0.84%) also rose.

Also in Transportation, airfare prices rose 33.86% in October, compared to September. There was an increase in all regions surveyed: from 8.10% in Rio Branco to 47.52% in Recife. Another highlight was App transportation (19.85%), whose prices had already risen 9.18% in September. The prices of new cars (1.77%) and used cars (1.13%) are also on the rise and accumulate, in 12 months, changes of 12.77% and 14.71%, respectively. Finally, it is worth mentioning the 12.50% reduction in the price of urban bus tickets in Rio Branco (-0.75%), effective since October 27th.

In the Food and beverages group (1.17%), the 1.32% increase in food at home is mainly due to tomatoes (26.01%) and potatoes (16.01%), which contributed with impacts of 0.07 pp and 0.03 pp, respectively. Other important contributions in the group came from ground coffee (4.57%), chicken pieces (4.34%), cheese (3.06%) and whole chicken (2.80%). On the side of the falls, there was a decline in the prices of acai berries (-8.64%), long-life milk (-1.71%) and rice (-1.42%).

Food away increased from 0.59% in September to 0.78% in October, mainly due to snacks (1.31%), which had presented a negative change in the previous month (-0.35%). Meals (0.74%), in turn, slowed down compared to the result of September (0.94%).

In Wearing Apparel (1.80%), there were increases in all items surveyed, especially women's clothing (2.26%) and kidswear (2.01%). In addition, changes in men's clothing (1.70%) and footwear and accessories (1.44%) were higher than in the previous month (when they changed 0.73% and 0.25%, respectively).

The rise in the Housing group (1.04%) was influenced once again by electricity (1.16%), although the change in the item was lower than in September (6.47%). In October, the Water Scarcity flag was maintained, which adds R$14.20 to the electricity bill for every 100 kWh consumed.

There were also tariff increases in Goiânia (5.34%), with an increase of 16.37%, as of October 22; in São Paulo (1.94%), with 16.44% in one of the concessionaires, in force since October 23; and in Brasília (-1.68%), with an increase of 11.69%, in force since October 22nd. In Brasília, there was a negative change despite the increase due to the reduction in the collection of PIS/COFINS, which also occurred in other regions. In Campo Grande (-2.46%), the result is a consequence of the reduction in the ICMS rate, in force since October 1st.

Area Weight by area (%) Change (%) Cumulative change (%)
September October Year 12 months
Vitória 1.86 1.24 1.53 9.58 12.22
Goiânia 4.17 0.81 1.53 8.17 11.03
Curitiba 8.09 1.54 1.45 10.97 13.48
São Luís 1.62 1.01 1.38 8.10 11.58
São Paulo 32.28 1.01 1.34 7.90 10.22
Brasília 4.06 0.79 1.25 7.72 9.30
Salvador 5.99 1.11 1.22 8.11 10.38
Belo Horizonte 9.69 1.34 1.22 7.77 10.46
Rio de Janeiro 9.43 1.22 1.16 6.88 9.36
Aracaju 1.03 1.19 1.14 8.14 9.58
Porto Alegre 8.61 1.53 1.14 9.02 11.92
Recife 3.92 1.10 1.09 8.17 10.29
Campo Grande 1.57 1.25 1.05 8.80 11.41
Rio Branco 0.51 1.56 0.99 9.23 11.94
Fortaleza 3.23 1.22 0.96 8.87 11.34
Belém 3.94 1.04 0.64 7.12 9.27
Brazil 100.00 1.16 1.25 8.24 10.67
Source: IBGE. Diretoria de Pesquisas. Coordenação de Índices de Preços

Also in Housing, bottled gas (3.67%) stands out, in its 17th consecutive increase, accumulating a rise of 44.77% since June 2020. The positive change in the water and sewage fee (0.22%) is a consequence of the 9% increase in Vitória (11.33%), where there was also a change in the calculation methodology of the invoice value. The new amount will be charged as of October 1st.

In the Household articles (1.27%), the main increases came from furniture (1.89%) and household appliances and equipment (1.54%). In addition, the prices of TV, sound and computer articles (0.99%) rose for the 9th consecutive month and contributed with 0.01 pp to the result for the month.

All areas surveyed increased in October. The highest rates were in the metropolitan area of Vitória and the municipality of Goiânia, both with 1.53%. In Vitória, the result was influenced by increases in the water and sewage fees (11.33%) and electricity (3.35%). In Goiânia, in addition to electricity (5.34%), the increase in gasoline (4.24%) also weighed heavily. The smallest change occurred in the metropolitan area of Belém (0.64%), where there was a drop in the prices of acai berries (-8.77%) and electricity (-1.23%).

To calculate the index of the month, prices collected between September 29 and October 28, 2021 (reference) were compared with prices in effect between August 28 and September 28, 2021 (base). The IPCA has been calculated by the IBGE since 1980, it refers to families with monetary income ranging from 01 to 40 minimum wages, whatever the source, and covers ten metropolitan areas in the country, in addition to the municipalities of Goiânia, Campo Grande, Rio Branco, São Luís, Aracaju and Brasília.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the IBGE suspended, on March 18, the in-person collection of prices at purchase locations. From that date, prices started being collected by other means, such as Internet sites, telephone or e-mail. From the beginning of July 2021, the IBGE began the gradual resumption of in-person price collection in some establishments, as described in Ordinance No. 207/2021 of the IBGE Presidency.

INPC rises 1.16% in October

The National Consumer Price Index (INPC) in October rose 1.16%, 0.04 pp below the result of September (1.20%). This is the biggest result for the month of October since 2002, when the index was 1.57%. In the year, the indicator accumulates an increase of 8.45% and, in 12 months, of 11.08%, above the 10.78% observed in the previous 12 months. In October 2020, the rate was 0.89%.

Food products rose 1.10% in October, above the change observed in September (0.94%). Non-food products increased by 1.18%, while in September they had registered 1.28%.

All areas registered positive change in October. The lowest index was that of the metropolitan area of Belém (0.51%), where the declines in the prices of acai berries (-8.77%) and electricity (-1.22%) had an impact. The biggest change was in the metropolitan area of Vitória (1.64%), whose result was mainly impacted by water and sewage fees (13.68%).

Area Weight by area (%) Change (%) Cumulative Change (%)
September October Year 12 months
Vitória 1.91 1.28 1.64 9.93 12.81
Goiânia 4.43 0.79 1.42 7.47 10.49
Curitiba 7.37 1.65 1.38 11.34 14.13
São Luís 3.47 0.98 1.32 7.74 11.12
São Paulo 24.60 1.10 1.32 8.69 11.32
Rio de Janeiro 9.38 1.35 1.23 7.31 10.19
Salvador 7.92 1.13 1.20 8.37 10.67
Belo Horizonte 10.35 1.39 1.14 7.84 10.73
Rio Branco 0.72 1.35 1.04 9.05 11.77
Campo Grande 1.73 1.31 1.03 8.93 11.75
Fortaleza 5.16 1.24 1.01 9.07 11.67
Brasília 1.97 0.90 1.01 8.19 10.05
Porto Alegre 7.15 1.48 0.98 9.38 12.40
Recife 5.60 1.00 0.97 8.14 10.39
Aracaju 1.29 1.03 0.95 7.78 9.21
Belém 6.95 0.95 0.51 6.70 8.39
Brazil 100.00 1.20 1.16 8.45 11.08
Source: IBGE. Diretoria de Pesquisas. Coordenação de Índices de Preços