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IPCA-15 was 1.20% in October

October 26, 2021 09h00 AM | Last Updated: October 27, 2021 04h03 PM

The Extended National Consumer Price Index 15 (IPCA-15) was 1.20% in October, 0.06 percentage points (pp) above the rate of September (1.14%). It was the biggest change for the month of October since 1995 (1.34%) and the biggest monthly change since February 2016 (1.42%). In the year, the IPCA-15 accumulates an increase of 8.30% and, in 12 months, of 10.34%, above the 10.05% registered in the previous 12 months. In October 2020, the rate stood at 0.94%.

Period RATE
October 2021 1.20%
September 2021 1.44%
October 2020 0.94%
Cumulative in the year 8.30%
Cumulative in the last 12 months 10.34%

Of the nine groups of products and services surveyed, eight had positive changes. Transportation accounted for the biggest impact (0.43 pp) and for the main change (2.06%)  The second biggest contribution came from Housing (1.87% and 0.30 pp), above the one recorded in the previous month (1.55%). It was followed by Food and beverages (1.38%), whose result accelerated over September´s IPCA-15 (1.27%) and contributed with 0.29 pp to the month´s index. Results for the other groups ranged between -0.01% of Health and personal care and 1.32% of Wearing apparel, as shown in the table below.

Group Variação (%) Impacto (p,p,)
September October September October
General Index
1.14 1.20 1.14 1.20
Food and beverages 1.27 1.38 0.27 0.29
Housing 1.55 1.87 0.25 0.30
Household articles 1.23 0.53 0.05 0.02
Wearing apparel 0.54 1.32 0.02 0.05
Transportation 2.22 2.06 0.46 0.43
Health and personal care 0.33 -0.01 0.04 0.00
Personal expenses 0.48 0.77 0.05 0.08
Education -0.01 0.09 0.00 0.01
Communication 0.02 0.34 0.00 0.02
Source: IBGE. Diretoria de Pesquisas. Coordenação de Índices de Preços. Sistema Nacional de Índices de Preços ao Consumidor,

The biggest impact in the group Transportation (2.06%) came from airfare, which rose 34.35% and contributed with 0.16 pp to the month’s result. There were highs in all areas, with the lowest one in Goiânia (11.56%) and the biggest in Recife (47.52%) The result of the group was also influenced by the rise in the prices of fuels (2.03%). Gasoline rose 1.85% and accumulates 40.44% in the last 12 months. Other fuels also increased:  ethanol (3.20%), diesel fuel (2.89%) and vehicle gas (0.36%).

In Transportation, also, new cars (1.64%), used cars (1.56%) and motorcycles (1.27%) keep on the rise. In the case of used cars, it is the 13th consecutive high, accumulating a change of 13,21% in the last 12 months. Other sub-items, as tires (1.71%) and lubricants (1.36%), recorded highs of 31,03% and 19.19%, respectively, in the cumulative index over 12 months. Intercity bus, in turn , changed 0.16%, due to the increases ranging between 11% and 13% in the prices of tickets in Fortaleza (8.25%) in effect since September 3.

In the group Housing (1.87%) the highlight still is electricity (3.91%), the greatest individual impact on the index of the month (0.19 pp). In October, the “water scarcity” tariff flag remains in effect, adding R$14.2 in the bills for each 100 kWh consumed. During the base period of the IPCA-15, both flags were in effect: Water Scarcity in the firth fortnight of September; and red flag -level 2 , in the second fortnight of August.  Another important contribution in the group came from bottled gas (3.80%), whose prices rose for the 17th consecutive month and accumulated, in 2021, a high of 31.65%.

The group Food and beverages (1.38%) was influenced mainly by food at home, which went from 1.51% in September to 1.54% in October. The prices of fruit grew 6.41% and contributed with 0.06 pp of impact. There were highs also in the prices of tomatoes (23.15%), potatoes (8.57%), of chicken pieces (5.11%), of ground coffee (4.34%), of whole chicken (4.20%) and of cheese (3.94%). On the other hand, there were decreases in the prices of onions (-2.72%) and, for the ninths month in a row, of rice (-1.06%). Meat (-0.31%), after 16 months in a row of highs, had decrease.

Food away from home accelerated from September (0.69%) to October (0.97%), mainly because of snacks (1.71%), whose prices had decreased in the previous month (-0.46%). The increase in meals (0.52%), in turn, was lower than that of September (1.31%)

There were increases in all surveyed areas, in October. The lowest result occurred in Belém (0.51%), due to price drops in acai berry (-4.74%), of meat (-0.98%) and of items of personal hygiene (-0.64%) The biggest change was seen in Curitiba (1.58%), with highs in electricity (4.15%) and gasoline (3.47%).

Area Weight by Area (%) Monthly Change (%) Cumulative change (%)
September October Quarter 12 months
Curitiba 8.09 1.58 1.58 10.91 13.42
São Paulo 33.45 1.13 1.34 7.86 9.80
Rio de Janeiro 9.77 0.96 1.22 7.28 9.14
Porto Alegre 8.61 1.32 1.20 9.38 11.85
Belo Horizonte 10.04 1.12 1.17 7.87 10.19
Salvador 7.19 0.89 1.10 7.85 9.81
Recife 4.71 0.95 1.04 8.86 10.29
Fortaleza 3.88 0.68 1.03 9.06 11.14
Goiânia 4.96 0.93 1.00 8.06 10.44
Brasília 4.84 1.45 0.87 7.63 9.05
Belém 4.46 1.33 0.51 8.16 10.01
Brazil 100.00 1.14 1.20 8.30 10.34
Source: IBGE. Diretoria de Pesquisas. Coordenação de Índices de Preços. Sistema Nacional de Índices de Preços ao Consumidor,

In order to estimate IPCA-15, the prices collected from September 15 to October 13 of 2021 (reference) were compared with the ones in force from August 14 to September 14 of 2021 (base).  The indicator refers to households with monthly income of 1 to 40 minimum wages and it encompasses the metropolitan areas of Rio de Janeiro, Porto Alegre, Belo Horizonte, Recife, São Paulo, Belém, Fortaleza, Salvador, Curitiba, as well as Brasília and the municipality of Goiânia. The methodology is the same as the one used for the IPCA; the difference lies in the period of price collection and in the geographic coverage.