The unemployment rate (12.3%) in the quarter from May to July 2018 recorded a drop of (-0.6 percentage points) over the quarter from February to April 2018 (12.9%). Compared to the same quarter of 2017 (12.8%), there was also reduction (-0.5 pp).

The unemployed population (12.9 million) fell (-4.1%) in relation to the previous quarter (13.4 million) and also (-3.4%) compared with the same quarter a year ago, when 13.3 million persons were unemployed.

The underutilization rate(24.5%) in the quarter of May to July 2018 held steady in relation to the quarter from February to April 2018 (24.6%). In relation to the same moving quarter of 2017 (23.9%), there was increase (0.5 pp).

The underutilization rate (27.6 million persons) was stable over the previous quarter (27.5 million persons). In relation to the same quarter of 2017 (26.6 million persons), this group increased 3.4%, 913 thousand more persons.

The number of discouraged persons (4.818 million) in the quarter from May to July 2018 was stable in relation to the previous quarter (4.720 million). Compared to the same quarter of 2017 (4.090 million, there was increase.

The percentage of discouraged persons in the population aged 14 and above in the workforce or discouraged was estimated at 4.4% in the quarter from May to July 2018. The rate remained stable in relation to the previous quarter (4.3%). In the comparison with the same quarter of 2017 (3.8%), there was increase (0.6 pp).

The employed population (91.7 million) increased 1.0% over the previous moving quarter (928 thousand persons). Compared to the same quarter of 2017 (90.7 million), there was a high 1.1%.  The employment-population ratio (53.8%) in relation to the previous quarter (53.8%) and remained stable in relation to the same quarter of 2017 (53.8%).

The number of persons employed with a formal contract (33.3 million persons) remained stable in both comparisons. The number of employees without a formal contract (11.1 million persons) remained stable in relation to the previous quarter and rose 3.4% (368 thousand more persons) in relation to the same quarter of the previous year.

The category of self-employed workers (23.1 million persons) remained stable when compared with the quarter from February to April 2017. In relation to the same period a year ago, there was a high of 2.1% (+483 thousand persons).

The average usual real earnings (R$2,205) in the quarter of May to July 2018, remaining stable against the February-April quarter of 2018 (R$2,215) and also against the same quarter of the previous year (R$2,188).

The usual real wage bill (R$197.2 billion) remained stable both in comparison with the previous quarter (R$195.9 billion) and with the same quarter of 2017 (R$193.4 billion).

The complete publication, summary chart and presentation of the Continuous PNAD - monthly edition are on the right side of this page.

The unemployment rate was estimated at 12.3% in the moving quarter relative to the May-July 2018 period, and recorded a change of -0.6 p. p. in relation to the quarter February to April (12.9%). In comparison with the same moving quarter a year ago, May-July 2017, when the rate was estimated at 12.8%, there was decrease (-0.5 p.p.).

In the quarter May-July 2018, there were approximately 12.9 million employed persons in Brazil. That figure decreased -4.1% (545 thousand persons) against the quarter February-April 2018 (13.4 million). In comparison with the same quarter in 2017 (13.3 million), there was also decrease (-3.4%, or a reduction by 458 thousand employed persons).

Compound unerutilization rate of workforce in the quarter May-July 2018 
Brazil – (%) - 2012/2018

The compound underutilization rate of the workforce (Percentage of unemployed persons, underemployed due to insufficient working hours and in the potential workforce) was estimated at 24.5% in th moving quarter relative to the months of May-July 2018, recording stablity against figures in the quarter February-April 2018 (24.,6%). Against the same moving quarter in the previous year, from May to July 2017, when the rate was estimated at 23.9%, there was increase (by 0.5 percentage points).

In the quarter May-July 2018, there were 27.6 million underutilized persons in Brazil. That figure recorded stability in comparison with the period February-April 2018, when underutilization had been estimated at 27.5 million persons. In comaprison with the same quarter a year ago, when there was 26.6 million underutilized persons, that estimated reached a change of 3.4%, or 913 thousand persons. 

The number of underemployed persons due to insufficient working hours (6.6 million) in the quarter May-July 2018 increased to 4.3% in comparison with the previous quarter (February to April 2018), that is, more 271 thousand persons. In relation to the same quarter in 2017, there was increase of 9.3% (or more 560 thousand underemployed persons).

The number of discouraged persons was estimted at about 4.818 million in the quarter May-July 2018. That estimate remained stable against the previous quarter. In comparison with the same quarter a year ago, the indicator recorded a positive change (17.8%), at a time there were 4.090 million discouraged persons in Brazil.

The percentage of discouraged persons in the population aged 14 and over in the workforce or discouraged was estimated at 4.4% in the moving quarter relative to the months of May and July 2018, having recorded stability in relation to the quarter Februaty-April 2018 (4.3%). Against the same quarter a year sgo, when the rate was 3.8%, there was increase (0.6 p. p.).

The workforce (employed an unemployed persons) in the quarter May-July 2018 was estimated at 104.5 million persons and recorded an increase of 383 thousand persons (0.4%) in comparison with the uarter February-April 2018. Against the same qusrter a year ago, there was increase of 0.5% (525 thousand persons).

Persons out of the workforce in the quarter May-July 2018 was estimated at 65.5 million. That population remained stable aganst the previous quarter, but recorded increase (.,7%) in relation to the same quarter in 2017 (64.4 million).

The number of employed persons was estimated at 91.7 million in the quarter May-July 2018. There was increase of 1.0% over the preceding quarter (928 thousand persons). In relation to the same quarter in 2017, there was also a positive change (1.1%).

The employment-population ratio (percentage of employed persons in the working-age population) was estimated at 53.9% in the quarter May-July 2018, with an increase of 0.3 percentage points against April-February 2018 (53.6%). In comparison with the same quarter in 2017, the indicator recorded no significant change.

The number of employees in the private sector with a formal contract (except domestic workers), estimated at 33.0 million persons, recorded stability in comaprison with the previous quarter anf the same quarter in 2017.

The category employees in the private sector without a formal contract (11.1 million persons) remained stable in relation to the previous quarter. In relation to the same quarter in 2017, there was increase of 3.4% (or 368 thousand persons).

The self-employed (23.1 million persons) remained stable against the preceding quarter. In relation to the same period a year ago, the indicator recorded increase (2.1%), an estimated increment of 483 thousand persons.

In the period May-July 2018, the category employers (4.4 million persons) remained stable in both comparisons.

The category of domestic workers (6.3 million persons) was stable in the comparison with the quarter February-April 2018. Against the quarter May-July 2017, there was increase of 3.2%, which means an estimated increase by 192 thousan persons.

The group employed in civil service (including statutory civil servants and the military), estimated at 11.7 million persons, recorded a increase of 2.5% against the preceding quarter. There was stability when the comparing it with thr same quarter a year ago. 

According to activity groups, from the moving quarter of May-July 2018 to the quarter February-April 208, the number of employed persons increased 2.9% in the category Public administration defense, social security, education, human health and social services (by 451 thousand persons). There were no significant  changes in the other groups.

Against the quarter May-July 2017 there was increase in the categories Public administration defense, social security, education, human health and social services (2.7%, or 427 thosand persons) and Other services (6.0%, or more 268 thousand persons). The other groups recorded no significant changes.

The average real monhly earnings was estimated at R$ 2 205 in the quarter May-July 2018, with stability in both comparisons.

Average real monhly earnings, usually reeceived in the month of reference, from all the activities by the employed population - Brazil - 2012/2018 - (R$)

According to the analysis of the averag yield by groups of activity, there was no increase in any category against the quarter February-April 2018. There was decrease in: Construction (5.0%, or minus R$ 88) and Domestic services (3.1%, or minus R$ 28). In relation to the quarter May-July 2017 there was increase of 3.2% in Public administration defense, social security, education, human health and social services (R$ 100 more). The other groups remained stable.

The analysis of average real earnings according to the employment type showed that there was no category recording increae against the period February-April 2018. There was decrease in the category Domestic worker (3.1%, or minus R$ 28). In comparison with the quarter May-July 217, there was increase (3.3%, or R$ 110) in the category Persons employed in the public sector (including statutory civil servants and the military). 

The usual real wage bill from all the activities of the employed population was estimated at R$ 197.2 billionand was stable in both comparisons.