The IBGE has released the figures for household income per capita relative to 2023 for Brazil and its Federation Units, based on the Continuous National Household Sample Survey. Per capita household income for Brazil was R$ 1,893, ranging between R$ 945 in Maranhão to R$ 3,357 in the Federal District.

This release is in compliance with Complementary Law 143/2013, which sets new criteria for the distribution of the Participation Fund for the states and the Federal District - FPE and, as a consequence, for the recent commitment made as for the definition of the amount to be sent to the Brazilian Court of Audit (TCU) to calculate representative factors of the reverse of per capita household income.

Per capita household income was calculated as the ratio between the total household income (nominal) and the total number of residents. The calculation considers earnings and other sources of income. All the residents are included in the calculation, even pensioners, domestic workers and relatives of domestic workers. 

The figures were obtained from gross earnings and other sources, received in the month of reference of the survey, with cumulative information from the first visits of Continuou PNAD in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th quarters of 2023.

Continuous PNAD is a household sample survey conducted by the IBGE since January 2012, which monitors quarterly fluctuations and the eveolution of workforce, among other necessary information for the study of socieoconomic development of Brazil.

In the specific case of income, the information collected refers to work in all visits and other sources of income in the first and fifth visits to the housing unit. So it is possible to compose annual income indicators from all sources based both on the first visits and on the fifth visits, being the choice determined by the best use of the sample and other types of technical information that can be relevant in the context of each year.

Between 2014 and 2019, the use of the sample was best in the first visits. In 2020, the use of the sample was highest in the fifth visits (72.7% of the interviews) than in the first visits (47.4% of the interviews conducted). The same occurred in 2021, being this one the second year in which the use of the sample was best in fifth visits (69.9% of the interviews conducted) than in the first visits (60.4% of interviews conducted).

In 2022, the rates kept growing, both in the first and in the fifth visits. Once more, the use of the sample was higher in the fifth visits (80.7% of interviews conducted) than in the first visits (79.4% of interviews conducted).

In 2023, the use of the sample was higher in the first visits (82.9% of interviews conducted) than in the fifth visits (82.3% of the interviews conducted).  

The drop of utilization rates in the last few years reflects the exceptional context, mainly observed in the years of 2020 and 2021, caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the procedures adopted to minimize the losses of information that could take place with the pandemic and social isolation.

Traditionally, the collection of information of Continuous PNAD is conducted in face-to-face in selected housing units. Nevertheless, from March 2020 to June 2021, due to the pandemic, data were collected by phone.