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IPCA-15 stands at 0.51% in May

May 25, 2023 09h00 AM | Last Updated: May 25, 2023 10h38 PM

The Extended National Consumer Price Index 15 (IPCA-15) was 0.51% in May, standing 0.06 percentage points (p.p.) below the April rate (0.57%). The cumulative change in the year was 3.12% and, in 12 months, 4.07%, below the rate of 4.16% recorded in the 12 immediately previous months. In May 2022, the rate was 0.59%.

Period Rate
May 2023 0.51%
April 2023 0.57%
May 2022 0.59%
Cumulative in the year 3.12%
Cumulative in the last 12 months  4.07%

Seven of the nine groups of products and services surveyed recorded an increase in May. Health and personal care (1.49%) e Food and beverages (0.94%) accounted for the main impacts on the monthly index, with 0.20 p.p. each. In the third position was Housing (0.43%), accounting for 0.07 p.p. The two groups recording decreases were Household articles (-0.28%) and Transportation (-0.04%). The other groups stayed between the rate of 0.02% in Communication and 0.40% in Personal expenses.

Grupo Variação (%) Impacto (p.p.)
Abril Maio Abril Maio
Índice Geral 0,57 0,51 0,57 0,51
Alimentação e bebidas 0,04 0,94 0,01 0,20
Habitação 0,48 0,43 0,07 0,07
Artigos de residência 0,07 -0,28 0,00 -0,01
Vestuário 0,39 0,35 0,02 0,02
Transportes 1,44 -0,04 0,29 -0,01
Saúde e cuidados pessoais 1,04 1,49 0,14 0,20
Despesas pessoais 0,28 0,40 0,03 0,04
Educação 0,11 0,07 0,01 0,00
Comunicação 0,06 0,02 0,00 0,00

As in the previous month, the rise of Health and personal care (1.49%) was driven by the rise of prices of phamaceuticals (2.68%), after the rise of 5.60% in the price of medicines, in effect since March 31. The items of personal hygiene accelerated from 0.35% in April to 1.38% in May, mainly driven by perfumes (2.21%).

The acceleration of Food and beverages (from 0.04% in April to 0.94% in May) resulted from the rise of food at home (1.02%), which had fallen in April (-0.15%). The following price rises stand out: tomato (18.82%), potato (6.60%), long life milk (6.03%) and cheese (2.42%). From the perspective of decreases, the highlights were soybean (-4.13%) and fruit (-1.52%).

Food away from home changed from 0.55% in April to 0.73% in May. Snacks accelerated (from 0.82% in April to 1.08% in May), whereas the change in prices of meals (0.46%) were lower than in the previous month (0.52%).

In the group Housing (0.43%), electricity stands out (0.51% and 0.02 p.p.), due to price rises in three areas: Salvador (5.82%), with a rise of 8.28% starting on April 22; Fortaleza (2.20%), with price rise of 4.85% starting on April 22 and Recife (0.05%), with a rise of 8.33% starting on May 14.

The rise of 1.24% in water and sewage rates results from price rises observed in three areas: 7.02% in Goiânia (7.02%), starting on April 1st, and that had not been added to the IPCA-15 of April; 11.20% in Recife (6.31%), starting on April 28; and 9.56% in São Paulo (1.79%), starting on May 10.

The change in piped gas (0.22%) results from the residual appropriation of tax rise and from a change in the charging method in Curitiba (6.80%), since February 1st, and that had not been added to March’s IPCA. Also, there was reduction of the 0.59% in Rio de Janeiro (-0.27%), starting on May 1st.

The group Household articles fell by 0.28% in May, after a drop of 0.07% in April. Prices of TV, sound and computer fell by 1.44%, due to television sets (-2.21%). Household appliances and equipment (-0.92%) were driven by refrigerator (-1.37%) and washing machine (-1.09%).

In Transportation (-0.04%), the negative change was driven by the decrease of 17.26% in prices of airfares, after an increase of 11.96% in April. Fuels (0.12%), diesel (-2.76%), vehicle gas (-0.44%) and gasoline (-0.21%) recorded fall in prices, whereas ethanol rose 3.62%.

Also in Transportation, subway fares (1.97%) rose by 6.15% in Rio de Janeiro (5.67%), starting on April 12. The rise of 2.71% in urban bus fares was due to price rises of 33.33% in Belo Horizonte (24.00%), starting on April 23, and of 15.75% in Fortaleza (1.38%), starting on March 19.

All the areas surveyed recorded increases in May. The highest decrease was registered in Belo Horizonte (0.90%). The main contribution to the overall result came from urban buses, with a rise of 24.00%. The lowest change was recorded by Recife (0.19%), due to decreases in 18.25% in airfares and of 3.46% in gasoline.

Area Regional Weight (%) Monthly Change (%)  Cumulative Change (%) 
April May Year 12 months
Belo Horizonte 10.04 0.27 0.90 3.58 3.17
Goiânia 4.96 0.68 0.83 3.40 3.16
Salvador 7.19 0.30 0.73 3.23 4.73
Fortaleza 3.88 0.48 0.61 3.15 3.44
Curitiba 8.09 0.85 0.46 3.23 2.94
Rio de Janeiro 9.77 0.79 0.46 2.68 3.82
Brasília 4.84 0.80 0.45 2.96 4.40
São Paulo 33.45 0.52 0.45 3.13 4.95
Porto Alegre 8.61 0.73 0.28 3.04 3.66
Belém 4.46 0.80 0.22 3.27 3.83
Recife 4.71 0.29 0.19 2.40 3.33
Brazil 100.00 0.57 0.51 3.12 4.07

In order to estimate the IPCA-15, the prices collected from April 14 to June 15, 2023 (reference) were compared with the ones in force from March 16 to April 13, 2023 (base). The indicator refers to households with monthly income of 1 to 40 minimum wages and it encompasses the metropolitan areas of Rio de Janeiro, Porto Alegre, Belo Horizonte, Recife, São Paulo, Belém, Fortaleza, Salvador, Curitiba, besides Brasília and the municipality of Goiânia. The methodology is the same as the one used for the IPCA; the difference lies in the period of price collection and in the geographic coverage.


Keywords: IPCA-15 foi de 0, 51% em maio