The Extended National Consumer Price Index 15 (IPCA-15) was 0.83% in June, 0.39 percentage points (p.p.) above the May´s rate (0.44%). The IPCA-E, which is the cumulative IPCA-15 in the quarter, stayed at 1.88%, whereas the change had been -0.58% in the same period of 2020. The cumulative change over the year was 4.13% and, in the last 12 months, 8.13%, above the rate of 7.27% recorded in the 12 immediately previous months. In June 2020, the rate had been 0.02%.

The nine groups of products and services registered positive changes and the biggest impact (0.28 p.p.) in June came from Transportation (1.35%), the only group to drop in May (-0.23%). It was followed by Housing (1.67%), which accelerated in relation to the previous month (0.79%) and Food and beverages (0.41%), whose result stood close to the May´s IPCA-15 (0.48%). The group of Health and personal care (0.53%), in turn, changed less than in the previous month (1.23%) and contributed with 0.07 p.p. to the overall index. The other groups stood between 0.03% of Education and 1.38% of Household articles.

The result of the group of Transportation (1.35%) was influenced by the rise in the prices of fuels (3.69%). Gasolien rose 2.86% in June and accrued a change of 45.86% over the last 12 months. The prices of vehicular gas (12.41%), ethanol (9.12%) and diesel fuel (3.53%) also increased. Other highlights were new cars (0.47%) and used cars (0.80%), which jointly contributed with nearly 0.03 p.p. to the month´s index. On the dropping side, airfare fell 5.63%, though the retreat was less intense than that reported in the previous month (-28.85%).

Still in Transportation, the positive change of the sub-item subway (4.14%) was due to the adjustment of 16% in the fare in Rio de Janeiro (14.17%), in force since May 11. In urban bus (0.16%), the adjustment of 4.76% in the fare in Salvador (1.85%), occurred on April 26, stood out.

Among the groups surveyed, Housing (1.67%) recorded the highest change, contributing with 0.26 p.p. to the month´s figure. The biggest impact in that group (0.17 p.p.) came from electricity (3.85%), whose rise was influenced by the activation of the red tafiff flag level 2 in June, adding R$6.243 per each 100 kWh consumed. The red tariff flag level 1 was in force in May, adding a lower value to the electricity fare (R$4.169 for the same 100 kWh consumed). In addition, fare adjustments were applied in the end of April in some areas encompassed by the index.

Stiil in Housing, the rise in water and sewage fees (2.45%) was due to the adjustments of 7.10% in São Paulo (6.10%), in force since May 10, and of 5.78% in Curitiba (5.24%), since May 17. In Brasília (-1.20%), the fare retreated 2.74% on June 1st. Lastly, piped gas (5.20%) was adjusted in three areas: on May 1st, the percentages of 13% were applied in Rio de Janeiro (6.99%) and of 7.04% in Curitiba (3.88%); and the residential segment in São Paulo (4.51%) was adjusted on May 31.

In the group of Food and beverages (0.41%), food at home changed from 0.50% in May to 0.15% in June. The retreat in the prices of fruits (-6.44%), potatoes (-9.41%), onions (-10.32%) and rice (-1.91%) contributed to that deceleration. On the other hand, meat (1.14%) remained rising. In addition, the prices of long-life milk (2.57%) and some derivatives like cheese (1.99%) also increased.

In food away from home (1.08%), the movement was reverse: meals (0.86%) and snacks (1.67%) accelerated in relation to May, when they rose 0.16% and 0.72%, respectively.

The group of Health and personal care (0.53%) posted a lower change than in May (1.23%), due to pharmaceuticals (0.68%). In May, the prices of medicines had risen 2.98% as a result of the adjustment of 10.08% authorized by CMED (Drug Market Regulation Chamber) in April. In addition, the rise in the items of personal hygiene (0.37%) was also lower than that registered in May.

Concerning the regional indexes, all the areas surveyed recorded a positive change in June. The lowest figure was reported in Belém (0.29%), influenced by the drop in the prices of fruits (-5.59%), airfare (-5.68%) and by the less intense rise in electricity (0.82%) compared with the other regions. On the other hand, the highest change was registered in Porto Alegre (1.18%), where the rise of 5.65% in the prices of gasoline weighted.

In order to estimate the IPCA-15, the prices collected from May 14 to June 14, 2021 (reference) were compared with the ones in force from April 14 to May 13, 2021 (base). The indicator refers to households with monthly income of 1 to 40 minimum wages and it encompasses the metropolitan areas of Rio de Janeiro, Porto Alegre, Belo Horizonte, Recife, São Paulo, Belém, Fortaleza, Salvador, Curitiba, as well as Brasília and the municipality of Goiânia. The methodology is the same as the one used for the IPCA; the difference lies in the period of price collection and in the geographic coverage.