Roraima (0.2%) was the only Federation Unit to record a positive GDP result in 2016. The Federal District recorded stability (0.0%) and GDP declined in the other 25 states, and in 10 of them the change was above the national average (-3.3%). Those 12 states accounted for 68.3% of the Brazilian GDP in 2016. The biggest decreases were those of Amazonas (-6.8%), Mato Grosso and Piauí, both with -6.3%.

Only five states (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul and Paraná) concentrated 64.4% of the national GDP in 2016. That same group had 68.1% of share in 2002, year of start of the series. Between 2002 and 2016, the biggest cumulative increases were recorded by Tocantins (103.4%, 5,2% per year, on the average), Mato Grosso (89.1%, 4.7% per year), Roraima (79.5%, 4.3% per  year), Acre (76.8%, 4.2% per year) and Piauí (72.7%, 4.0% per year). On the other hand, the worst performances were those of Minas Gerais (34.1%, 2.1% per year), Rio Grande Sul (27.6%, 1.8% per year) and Rio de Janeiro (25.3%, 1.6% per year). 

The highest GDP per capita (R$ 79,099.77) was that of the Federal, District, and the lowest, that of Maranhão (R$ 12,264.28). The Federal District has kept that position since the beginning of the series and its per capita GDP is 2.6 times as that of Brazil. São Paulo increased its share in GDP for the second year in a row, 0.2 percentage points in relation to 2015 and 0.3 percentage points against the figure in 2014, an unprecedent occurrence in the series. Even so that is the state with the biggest cumulative decrease in this respect between 2002 and 2016: 2.4 percentage points; in 2002 it had accounted for 34.9% and changed to 32.5% in 2016.

For the second year in a row, Brazil recorded a decrease in the volume of GDP: from 3.3% in 2016, versus 3.5% in 2015. Between 2014 and 2016, the country had a cumulative decrease of 6.7% in GDP. These are some of the data in the System of Regional Accounts 2016, elaborated in partnership with State Statistical Agencies, State Government Secretariats and , State Government Secretariats and the Superintendence of the Manaus Free Trade Zone  – SUFRAMA. Support material is available on the right. 

Roraima was the only state to recond an increase in the volume of GDP (0.2%)

In 2016, the national GDP recorded a change of -3.3% in volume, with increases in almost all the Federation Units, except for Roraima (0.2%) and the Federal District (0.0%). The results also showed that, for the second year in a row, there was decrease in the activity Trade and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (-6.7%), an important activity in all the Federation Units, which affected negatively the results. Agriculture, which had recorded a decrease in 2016 (-5.2%), the first reduction in three years, was also responsible fthe negative changes in volume, mainly in the states where the activity if relevant. The results of Roraima and the Federal District related to the weight of the governmental sector, which increased 3.3% and 0.6%, respectively, in those Federation Units.

Alagoas (-1.4%), Minas Gerais and Santa Catarina (-2.0%), besides Acre (-2.4%), also recorded results above the national average (-3.3%). On the other hand, the lowest result was that of Amazonas (-6.8%), due to the weak performance of Mining and quarrying industry (–11.9%), which accounted for 27% of the state's economy. Low results were also recorded  by Piauí (-6.3%), Mato Grosso (-6.3%), Bahia (-6.2%), with an important contribution from Agriculture. According to the Municipal Agricultural Survey (PAM), harsh climate conditions affected the results of important crops, for example, corn and soybeans, and leading to decreases of 24.8% and 1.1%, respectively.

Five states were responsible for 64.4% of the GDP in 2016

The five states with a biggest share in national GDP in 2016 were São Paulo (32.5%), Rio de Janeiro (10.2%), Minas Gerais (8.7%), Rio Grande do Sul (6.5%) and Paraná (6.4%). Together, they accounted for 64.4% of the Brazilian economy, a proportion 0.3 percentage points below that of 2015 and 0.5 percentage points below that of 2014. That decrease was caused by the loss of 0.8 percentage points in Rio de Janeiro over 2015, with a cumulative decrease of 1.4 percentage points in relation to 2014. The result of Rio de Janeiro was influenced by the decrease of international petroleum prices, an important activity in the state. São Paulo, in turn, recorded, for the first time, an increase in its share for two years in a row in the series initiated in 2002. Differently from Rio, São Paulo was influenced by the recovery of petroleum refining and coke, which was favored by the reduced price of petroleum barrels. The result of petroleum refining recovered its participation in the economy for two consecutive years. In 2016, manufacturing industry had a share of 12.5%, versus 12.2% in 2015 and 12.0% in 2014.

The biggest five economies kept their positions since 2002, except in 2013, when Rio Grande do Sul swapped positions with Paraná, but went back to its previous place in 2014. The other 22 Federation Units, which represented 31.9% of the GDP, accounted, together, for 35.6% in 2016. The group also recorded na increase of 0.3 percentage points of share against 2015. Mato Grosso had the biggest increase of participation in the series (0.7 percentage points), followed by Paraná and Santa Catarina, with 0.5 and 0.4 percentage points of increase. In 2016, there were changes in the relative positions of GDP share against the 2015 result: Bahia is now in the 6th position, having swapped places with Santa Catarina, now in 7^th place. Ceará (11th) swapped positions with Pará (12th); Mato Grosso (13th) with Espírito Santo (14th); Mato Grosso do Sul (15th) with Amazonas (16th) and Rondônia (22nd) with Sergipe (23rd). There were no changes among the smallest economies: Tocantins (24th), Amapá (25th), Acre (26th) and Roraima (27th). 

Per capita GDP of the Federal District was 2.6 times above the national figure in 2016

By Federation Unit, the highest per capita GDP is still that of the Federal District (R$ 79,099.77), about 2.6 times the national figure. The other high GDP figures, in order of relevance, were those of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Mato Grosso, which swapped places with Santa Catarina, a state that is now in the fifth position. The sequence brings Rio Grande do Sul and Paraná, followed by Mato Grosso do Sul, which has been above the national average since 2013. Mato Grosso was the state that recorded the biggest advances in this classification, having changed from the 11th to the 4th position in 2016.

On the other hand, Maranhão (27º) and Piauí (26º) still have the lowest per capita GDP. Throughout the series, both states swapped positions, but never reached better positions. Per capita GDP, nevertheless, changed from 30% of the national figure to 40% in 2016. Piauí was the state in which the value of per capita GDP increased among those of all the Federation Units, about 5.3 times between 2002 and 2016 (from R$ 2,440.70 to R$ 12,890.25). Mato Grosso was also a highlight in this respect, with an increase of about 5.2 times. Other highlights in terms of the increase of per capita GDP throughout the series were Tocantins (4.7 times) and Maranhão and Mato Grosso do Sul (4.5 times).

Tocantins was the state with the biggest increase of GDP between 2002 and 2016  

Between 2002 and 2016, the volume of GDP in Brazil increased 40.6%, 2.5% a year, on the average. The state of Tocantins (5.2%) recorded the biggest state, followed by Mato Grosso (4.7% a year) and Roraima (4.3% a year). In Tocantins, the highlight in the period was Manufacturing industry, which increased by 10.4% a year. In Mato Grosso, the change was stimulated by the agricultural sector, with an increase of 5.9% a year, followed by the production of soybeans.

In Roraima, the most significant change was that of the activity Public administration, defense, education and health and social security, which increased 3.5% 3,5% a year and accounts for almost 50% of the state economy. Like Tocantins, all the states in the North Region recorded a change in volume of GDP below the national average.

The North Region had the biggest increase in the series 2002 to 2016. That Major Region increased 3.7% a year, followed by Central West (3.6% a year) and Northeast (2.8% a year). The lowest results were those of Southeast and South, 2.2% a year and 2.1% a year, respectively.

Compensation of employees accounted for 60.7% of the GDP of Roraima in 2016

In 2016, from the perspective of demand, gross operating surplus, together with the gross mixed income, accounted for 40.8% of the GDP in the country, with an increase of 0.4 percentage points against 2015, whereas the earnings of employees (44.7%) increased by 0.1 percentage points. Product taxes net of subsidies, on output and exports, reduced their participation by 0.5 percentage points and had the smallest share in the series initiated in 2010 (14.5%).

In the North Region, in 2016, there was an equivalence between the proportions of compensation of employees and the gross operating surplus together with gross mixed income. Nevertheless, that Major Region had the biggest share of the GDP (44.3%), a direct influence of Pará and Amazonas. The compensation of employees had a share of 44.2%, due to Roraima (60.7%) and Amapá (57.9%), where this component had the biggest share among the Federation Units, due to Public administration, defense, education and health and social security.

In the Northeast, the earnings of employees had the biggest share of GDP (47.3% in 2016). The reduction of participation observed between 2015 and 2016 (0.5 percentage points) was influenced by Pernambuco and Bahia, where the gross operating surplus and the gross mixed income had an increase in participation due to the bigger share of Industry in the economy.

The compensation of employees in the Southeast had an increased share of GDP between 2015 and 2016, from 44.1% to 44.5%, as Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo faced decrease of mining and quarrying industry in the period.

The states located in the South Region have a similar distribution of GDP of the components of GDP from the perspective of income. The Central West Region is a highlight due to the gross operating surplus and the gross mixed income of Mato Grosso (53.8%) and Mato Grosso do Sul (48.9%), the biggest all over Brazil. The table below presents the data of GDP of the Federation Units from the perspective of income.