The Extended National Consumer Price Index (IPCA) of September stood at 0.16%, below the 0.19% registered in August. In the year, the index accumulated 1.78%, quite below the 5.51% recorded in the same period last year, becoming the lowest cumulative index over the year for the month of September since 1998 (1.42%). Considering the last 12 months, the index stood at 2.54%, higher than the 2.46% recorded over the 12 months prior to that period. The index changed 0.08% in September 2016. Click here to access the complete publication.

Of the nine groups of products and services surveyed in September, just Food and Beverages (-0.41%) and Housing (-0.12%) were negative. Among the others, the highlight is the group Transportation with 0.79% of change and 0.14 percentage points (p.p.) of impact on the month's index. The results of the groups of products and services surveyed are shown in the following table:

For the fifth consecutive month, the group Food products dropped (-0.41%), but the decrease was weaker than the one registered in August (-1.07%). Food for household consumption went from -1.84% in August to -0.74% in September, under the influence of important items in the household consumption, such as meat (from -1.75% in August to 1.25% in September) and fruit (from -2.57% in August to 1.74% in September). On the other hand, the items that dropped were: tomatoes (-11.01%), garlic (-10.42%), carioca beans (-9.43%), potatoes (-8.06%) and long life milk (-3.00%). All surveyed areas recorded decrease in September, from the -1.70% registered in the Metropolitan Area of Recife to the -0.08% in Goiânia. 

Conversely, food away had an increase of 0.18%. The areas surveyed ranged from -2.71% in Brasília to 0.96% in Rio de Janeiro. The following table shows the results.

In the group housing (-0.12%), the drop was due to electricity, on average 2.48% cheaper mainly because of the yellow tariff flag in effect on September  1st. It represented the additional charge of R$ 0.02 per each Kwh consumed. In August, the tariff flag in force was the red one, representing an additional charge of R$0.03 per each kwh consumed.

In the group Housing, it is also worth highlighting the changes of bottled gas (4.81%) and water and sewage (0.28%). In the former, there is the reflex of the 12.20% increase on average in the price of the 13-kg-bottled gas, in force since September 06.

In water and sewage bills, in Belém, the change of 17.17% reproduces the average increase of 17.50%, in effect since June 2017, which had not been incorporated yet in the price indexes. Besides, the 0.78% change in Fortaleza reflects the average increase of 4.33%, in force since September 23, complementing the one already applied in June 2017. In Vitória, the increase of 2.99% is due to the price adjustment of 4.10% in force since August 22.

In the group Transportation (0.79%), fuels, with a change of 1.91%, were the biggest individual impact of  the month, 0.10 p.p. The gasoline liter became on average 2.22% more expensive from August to September. Airfares, with 0.07 p.p. of impact in the month, represented a change of 21.90%.

By areas, the results stood between -0.26% in the metropolitan area of Recife and 0.54% in the metropolitan area of Vitória. There the increase was leveraged by airfares (37.51%) and fuels (2.32%), with a highlight to the liter of gasoline, on average, 2.39% more expensive. In Recife, brown beans presented decrease of 20.39% and gasoline, a reduction of 2.29%.
The following table shows the results by area surveyed.

IPCA has been calculated by IBGE since 1980. It refers to families with monthly earnings of one to 40 minimum wages, whatever the source, and it encompasses ten metropolitan areas in Brazil, besides the municipalities of Goiânia, Campo Grande and Brasília. 
In order to estimate the index of the month, the prices collected from August 30 to September 27 of 2017 (reference) were compared with the prices in force from August 1 to August 29 of 2017 (base).

INPC changes -0.02% in September

The National Consumer Price Index - INPC changed -0.02% in September. This was the lowest figure for September since 1998, when it stood at -0.31%. The cumulative index in the year stayed at 1.24%, well below the 6.18% registered in the same period last year. Considering the last twelve months, the index decreased to 1.63%, below the 1.73% recorded in the previous 12-month period. The cumulative changes in the year and in 12 months were the lowest for September since the implementation of the Real Plan. In September of 2016, the INPC recorded 0.08%.

Food products dropped 0.57% in September. In August, the result had been -1.18%. The group of non-food products changed 0.22%, below the rate of 0.48% of August. By areas, the results stood between -0.48% in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro and 0.32% in the metropolitan area of Belém. In Belém, meat recorded a high of 3.47% and bottled gas stood, on average, 7.59% more expensive. In Rio de Janeiro, the decrease was leveraged by urban bus (-4.74%) and by the electricity bills (-1.81%). The following table shows the results by area surveyed.

INPC has been calculated by IBGE since 1979. It refers to families with monthly income of one to five minimum wages, with a salaried head of the family. It encompasses ten Metropolitan Areas, besides Brasília and the municipalities of of Goiânia and Campo Grande. 
In order to estimate the index of the month, the prices collected from August 30 to September 27 of 2017 (reference) were compared with the prices in force from August 1 to August 29 of 2017 (base).