The unemployment rate was estimated at 11.8% in the moving quarter ended in August 2016. This represented a growth of 0.6 percentage points (p.p.) in relation to the period between March an May 2016 (11.2%). This rate also rose (3.0 p.p.) when compared with the same moving quarter last year – June to August 2015 –, as it had been estimated at 8.7%.

The unemployed population (12.0 million) rose 5.1% in relation to the quarter between March and May 2016 (11.4 million), representing an increase of 583 thousand persons. Compared with the same quarter last year, this estimate rose 36.6%, resulting in an increase of 3.2 million unemployed persons in the workforce.

The employed population (90.1 million) fell 0.8% against the quarter between March and May 2016, representing a decrease of 712 thousand persons. A decline of 2.2% was registered when compared with the same quarter a year ago, as the total number of employed persons had been 92.1 million persons, resulting in a reduction of about 2.0 million persons.

The number of persons employed with a formal contract (34.2 million) did not record any statistically-significant change when compared with the quarter between March and May 2016. The comparison with the quarter between June and August 2015 pointed out a drop of 3.8%, which represented a loss of about 1.4 million persons with a formal contract.

The average usual real earnings from all jobs (R$2,011) remained stable against the quarter between March and May 2016 (R$2,015) and also in relation to the same quarter last year (R$2,047).

The usual real wage bill from all jobs (R$177.0 billion) did not post any significant change in relation to the quarter between March and May 2016, yet it retreated 3.0% against the same quarter a year ago.

The complete publication of the Continuous PNAD can be accessed here.

The indicators of the Continuous PNAD were calculated for moving quarters, using the information of the last three consecutive months of the survey. The rate of the moving quarter ended in August 2016 was calculated based on the information collected in June 2016, July 2016 and August 2016. For example, the information used for the calculation of the indicators for the moving quarters ended in July and August has an amount of repetition around 66%. This repetition only ceases to exist after an interval of two moving quarters. More information on the methodology of the survey can be found here.

Moving quarter		2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
1st	Nov-Dec-Jan	...	7.2	6.4	6.8	9.5
2nd	Dec-Jan-Feb	...	7.7	6.8	7.4	10.2
3rd	Jan-Feb-Mar	7.9	8.0	7.2	7.9	10.9
4th	Feb-Mar-Apr	7.8	7.8	7.1	8.0	11.2
5th	Mar-Apr-May	7.6	7.6	7.0	8.1	11.2
6th	Apr-May-Jun	7.5	7.4	6.8	8.3	11.3
7th	May-Jun-Jul	7.4	7.3	6.9	8.6	11.6
8th	Jun-Jul-Aug	7.3	7.1	6.9	8.7	11.8
9th	Jul-Aug-Sep	7.1	6.9	6.8	8.9
10th	Aug-Sep-Oct	6.9	6.7	6.6	8.9
11th	Sep-Oct-Nov	6.8	6.5	6.5	9.0
12th	Oct-Nov-Dec	6.9	6.2	6.5	9.0

About 12.0 million persons were unemployed in Brazil in the quarter from June to August 2016, representing an increase of 5.1% (583 thousand persons) against the quarter between March an May 2016, when the unemployment was estimated at 11.4 million persons. Compared with the same quarter last year, this estimate rose 36.6%, resulting in an increase of 3.2 million unemployed persons in the workforce.

The contingent of employed persons was estimated at about 90.1 million in the quarter from June to August 2016. This estimate got lower when compared with the quarter between March an May 2016 (an increase of 712 thousand persons). A decline of 2.2% was registered when compared with the same quarter a year ago, when the total number of employed persons had been 92.1 million persons, resulting in a reduction of about 2.0 million persons.

Estimated at 34.2 million persons, the number of persons employed in the private sector with a formal contract did not record any statistically-significant change when compared with the quarter between March and May 2016. Nevertheless, the comparison with the quarter between June and August 2015 pointed out a drop of 3.8%, which represented a loss of about 1.4 million persons with a formal contract.

The category of persons employed in the private sector without a formal contract (10.2 million persons) remained stable in relation to the quarter from March to May 2016, as well as against the same period a year ago.

The contingent of domestic workers (6.1 million persons) decreased 2.5% in relation to the quarter between March and May 2016 (a drop of 158 thousand persons). It also remained stable against the same period last year (June-August 2015).

Estimated at 11.4 million persons, the contingent of persons employed in the public sector grew 1.6% (more 178 thousand persons in relation to the quarter from March to May 2016). It did not register any statistically-significant change against the same period a year ago.

The contingent of employers (3.9 million persons) increased 4.8%, representing more 179 thousand persons in relation to the quarter between March and May 2016. The contingent of employers remained statistically stable in relation to the same period last year.

Estimated at 22.2 million persons, the category of self-employed workers dropped 3.2% in relation to the quarter from March to May 2016 (less 739 thousand persons). It remained stable when compared with the quarter between June and August 2015.

The analysis of the contingent of employed persons by groups of activity, in relation to the quarter from March to May 2016, pointed out to a retreat of 1.9% in the overall industry (-229 thousand persons), of 3.3% in construction (-249 thousand persons), and of 2.8% in domestic services (-177 thousand persons). It pointed out a growth of 1.9% in the group of public administration, defense, social security, education, human health and social services (an increase of 294 thousand persons). The other groups of activity did not register any statistically-significant change.

The comparison with the quarter from June to August 2015 pointed out a reduction of 2.8% in agriculture, livestock, forestry and fishing (-272 thousand persons), of 11.0% in the overall industry (-1.4 million persons) and of 9.4% in information, communication and financial, real estate, professional and administrative activities (-996 thousand persons). On the other hand, transportation, storage and mail increased 4.4% (188 thousand persons), lodging and food, 5.3% (232 thousand persons) and public administration, defense, social security, education, human health and social services, 3.5% (538 thousand persons). The other groups did not change.

The average usual real earnings from all jobs of employed persons was estimated at R$2,011.

Moving quarter		2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
1st	Nov-Dec-Jan	-	1,986	2,042	2,086	2,022
2nd	Dec-Jan-Feb	-	1,997	2,064	2,086	2,004
3rd	Jan-Feb-Mar	1,966	2,009	2,086	2,086	2,019
4th	Feb-Mar-Apr	1,980	2,015	2,084	2,076	2,007
5th	Mar-Apr-May	1,968	2,025	2,078	2,070	2,015
6th	Apr-May-Jun	1,969	2,042	2,047	2,076	1,989
7th	May-Jun-Jul	1,985	2,055	2,018	2,058	1,996
8th	Jun-Jul-Aug	1,989	2,063	2,028	2,047	2,011
9th	Jul-Aug-Sep	1,987	2,062	2,051	2,050
10th	Aug-Sep-Oct	1,983	2,068	2,065	2,042
11th	Sep-Oct-Nov	1,980	2,061	2,058	2,025
12th	Oct-Nov-Dec	1,979	2,048	2,069	2,014

The average earnings for employers (-5.0%) dropped in relation to the quarter between March and May 2016. The other employment types did not post any statistically-significant change. Compared with the quarter from June to August 2015, those employed as employers (-10.0%) had their average usual real earnings decreased. Those employed in the private sector without a formal contract and those employed in the public sector had their earnings increased (5.0% and 3.6%, respectively). The average earnings of other categories remained stable.

The average earnings of every group of activity remained stable when compared with the quarter between March and May 2016. Other services (-5.7%) was the only group whose average earnings dropped when compared with the same quarter a year ago. The others did not register any significant change.

The average usual real wage bill from all jobs earned by employed persons was estimated at R$177.0 billion. It did not show any significant change in relation to the quarter from March to May 2016 and declined 3.0% against the same quarter last year.