The survival rate of companies in 2012, compared with that in the previous year ¹, was 81.3%, slightly above the figure recorded in 2011 (80.8%), and the highest result since 2008 (78.2%). The entry rate stayed at 18.7%, the lowest since 2008 (21.8%), whereas the exit rate was 17.4%, being higher than that of 2010 (16.3%), only. These results are reported in Demography of Enterprises, a study which analyzes Brazilian business dynamics.

The study also shows that, whereas 97.2% of the salaried persons were in surviving companies, 2.8% worked for entering companies and 1.3% for those which had left the market. These percentages changed little between 2008 and 2012. Companies which entered and left the market employed more persons without higher education (93.8% and 94.2%, respectively) than the group of companies (89.5%).

Construction presented the highest entry rates (27.1%), whereas Other service activities recorded the highest exit rates (26.2%). Trade; repair of motor vehicles and of motorcycles was the activity which presented the biggest gains in terms of salaried persons relative to company entry in the market (281.0 thousand).

High-growth companies, those with at least a 20% increase in salaried persons per year for a period of three years, and which have at least ten salaried persons in the first year analyzed, represented 7.6% of the companies with ten or more salaried persons. That rate was below figures in previous years. These companies accounted, in 2012, for 3.3 million (58.3%) considering the 5.3 million job posts generated between 2009 and 2012. The main highlights were Manufacturing industry (691.4 thousand) and Administrative activities and complementary services (671.6 thousand).

The complete publication with data released today is available at
www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/demografiaempresa/2012/.

Total jobs generated in 2012 led to 1.2 million salaried persons

The balance of companies has been positive, always with bigger occurrences of entry than of exit.  In comparison with 2011, there was increase of 1.3% in the number of companies (60.6 thousand), of 3.4% in employed persons (1.4 million) and 3.7% in salaried persons (1.2 million).

Table 2 - Number of companies, salaried employed persons, according to type of demographic event and related rates - Brazil - 2008-2012

Trade accounts for biggest percentage of salaried persons in market entering companies: 29;6

The main highlights among economic activities in terms of company entry and exit from the market in 2012 were Trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles, with 372.8 thousand and 390.2 thousand companies (43.3% and 48.8%), and Manufacturing industry, with 65.1 thousand and 64.6 thousand companies (7.6% and 8.1%), respectively. In relation to survival, 48.1% of the companies (1.8 million) belonged to Trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles and 9.9% (370.9 thousand) to Manufacturing industry.

Trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles, Construction and Manufacturing industry were the activities with the biggest relative participation of salaried persons in the market. Out of the total 950.5 thousand salaried employed persons generated by entering companies, 281.0 thousand (29.6%) came from Trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles; 152.2 thousand (16.0%), Construction ,Manufacturing industry . Out of the 453.1 thousand employed persons of companies which left the market, 119.7 thousand (26.4%) were in Trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles; 85.7 thousand (18.9%), in Manufacturing industry; and 71.8 thousand (15.9%), in Administrative and complementary services .

In relation to the rates of entry and exit from the market, the biggest entry rates were those of Construction(27.1%), Electricity and gas (26.0%) and Real estate activities (25.2%), and the lowest in Manufacturing industry(14.9%), Human health and social services (16,9%) and Trade; repair of motor vehicles and of motorcycles (17.2%), which are the activities representing the biggest survival rates of companies, respectively 85.1%, 83.1% and 82.8%. The biggest exit rates were those of Other service activities (26.2%), Information and communication (19,8%) and Lodging and feeding (19.0%), and the lowest ones in Human health and social services (10.1%), Real estate activities (12.5%) and Education(13.3%).

Men outnumber women in all types of demographic events

In 2012, 62.8% of the salaried employed persons of active and surviving companies were men and 37.2% were women. In relation to salaried persons considering companies in the market in 2012, 61.4% were men, whereas 38.6% were women. In relation to those in companies which left the market, 57.7% were men and 42.3%, women.

In relation to schooling, 89.5% of the salaried persons of active companies did not have higher education, whereas 10.5% had this level of schooling. Surviving companies presented 89.4% of the salaried persons without higher education and 10.6% with higher education. In relation to salaried persons considering the entry of companies in the market, 93.8% did not have higher education, whereas 6.2% had this level of schooling. Considering companies which left the market, 94.2% of the salaried persons did not have higher education, whereas 5.8%, did.

Southeast and Northeast presented biggest increases of salaried employed persons due to the entry of companies in the market

Out of 5.0 million local branches, 4.1 million were survivors in relation to 2011 (81.2%) and 939.8 thousand, in relation to entries (18.8%). Exits amounted to 857.7 thousand units (17.2%).

The Southeast and South presented the biggest rates of surviving companies (82.4% and 81.5%, respectively), above the national average (81.2%). In relation to entries, the biggest rates were those of the North, Central West and Northeast (24.2%, 21.2% and 21.0%), which recorded the lowest survival rates (75.8%, 78.8% and 79.0%), respectively. The biggest exit rates were recorded by North and Northeast (20.9% and 19.7%).

Santa Catarina (83.7%), Espírito Santo (82.9%) and Minas Gerais (82.5%) recorded the highest survival rates, whereas Amazonas (72.6%), Amapá (74.7%) and Acre (75.0%) presented the lowest ones.

In relation to distribution of salaried employed persons caused by the entry of companies in 2012, the Southeast and Northeast Regions presented the main salary gains, 742.7 thousand (47.9%) and 303.5 thousand (19.6%), respectively. Among the Federation Units, highlights were: São Paulo (26.3%), Rio de Janeiro (10.2%) and Minas Gerais (9.6%). São Paulo (26.3%), Rio de Janeiro (10.2%) and Minas Gerais (9.6%). The smallest increases in salaried persons, in terms of entries, were observed in Roraima and Amapá (0.2%), Acre (0.3%) and Tocantins (0.5%).

High-growth companies employed 15.6% of the salaried persons

In 2012, the 35.2 thousand high-growth companies employed 5.3 million salaried persons and paid R$ 108.8 billion in salaries and other compensation. The average monthly salary was R$ 1,782.46 (2.9 minimum wages). They represented 0.8% of the company overall, employing 13.2% of the persons, 15.6% of the salaried ones and paying 14.4% of the compensation.

In relation to companies with ten or more salaried persons, high-growth companies made up 7.6%. They had 18.5% of the total salaried persons, 18.8% of the employed salaried persons and 16.1% of salaries and other compensation. They paid average salaries of 3.2% below the average of the value paid by companies with ten or more employed persons (R$ 1,842.09).

90.7% of the salaried persons in high-growth companies do not have higher education and earn 72.7% of the salaries paid

The presence of men among salaried persons in high-growth companies (66.5% versus 3.5% of women) was above that in the company overall (62.8% versus 37.2% of women). In relation to total salaries and other compensation in high-growth companies, 73.9% were paid to men and 26.1% to women, and considering the company overall, 70.6% were paid to men and 29.4% to women. The average salary in high-growth companies was R$ 1,965-07 for men and R$ 1,405.38 for women, a difference of 28.5%. Considering total companies, the average monthly salary was R$ 1,924.12, for men and R$ 1,378.03 for women, a difference of 28.4%.

Among salaried employed persons in high-growth companies, 90.7% did not have higher education, being at a similar level to those in the company overall (89.5%). The contribution of salaries and other compensation of salaried employed persons without higher education in high-growth companies was 72.7%. For total enterprises, 69.3% of salaries and other compensation were paid to salaried employed persons without higher education. The average monthly salary of workers without higher education in high-growth companies was R$ 1,428.78 and of that of workers with higher education, R$ 5,181.63, a difference of 262.7%. In the company overall, the difference was 272.8% It is relevant to mention, however, that average salaries paid by high-growth companies are higher.

High-growth companies accounted for 58.3% of the presence of salaried employed persons between 2009 and 2012

Representing 0.8% of the total active persons and 7.6% of those with ten or more salaried persons, high-growth companies have a relevant role in the generation of formal employment. The presence of salaried persons changed from 2.0 million to 5.3 million in 2012, with increase of 167.8%. High-growth companies accounted for 58.3% of the presence of salaried employed persons, being only lower than the 2009 figure (59.6%).

Out of the 3.3 million new salaried persons in high-growth companies between 2009 and 2012, 75.6% or 2.5 million were in Manufactring industry (20.9%), Administrative activities and complementary services (20.3%), Construction (17.6%), and Trade; repair of automotive vehicles and motorcycles (16.8%).

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¹This study adopted the survival concept characterized by active companies in 2011 and which remained active in 2012, regardless of their year of foundation and/or entry in the business activity.