The Annual Survey of Trade (PAC) shows that the net operational revenue of trade companies with up to 19 employed persons, increased in participation from 28.6% to 29.9% between 2005 and 2006.

 

The Annual Survey of Trade (PAC) showed that the net operating revenue¹ of trade companies with up to 19 employed persons, increased in participation from 28.6% to 29.9% between 2005 and 2006, overcoming companies with 500 or over employed persons, the participation of which decreased from 29.9% to 29.2%, in the same period. In 2006, retail trade companies which employed up to 19 persons concentrated the biggest part of net operating  revenue (45.9%), of salaries, withdrawals and other compensation (55.9%), employed persons (68.7%) and number of trade companies (98.3%). Considering companies with 250 employed persons or over, PAC revealed that the average salary per worker decreased from 4.7 minimum wages a month to 3.0 minimum wages a month, between 2000 and 2006. From a regional perspective, commercial activities are still concentrated in the Southeast Region; however, between 2000 and 2006, the highlight was the increase of participation in the gross resale revenue² of the North Region (from 2.7% to 4.0%) and Northeast Region (from 11.9% to 13.1%), as well as the increase of the number of employed persons (from 5.8% to 6.7%) and of salaries, withdrawals and other compensation (from 5.6% to 6.5%) of Central West.

 

In 2006, PAC estimated, in Brazil, the existence of approximately 1.6 million establishments belonging to 1.5 million trade companies which, together, generated about R$ 1.1 trillion in net operating  revenue, employed 7.6 million persons who received R$ 61.6 billion in salaries, withdrawals and other compensation. Between 2005 and 2006, wholesale kept the biggest part of net operating  revenue, whereas retail was the segment with the biggest participation in the number of companies, number of establishments, employed persons and salaries, withdrawals and other compensation, in both years. PAC also has the objective of describing the basic structural characteristics of trade in the country and its transformations in time in three big segments: retail trade, wholesale trade and trade of automotive vehicles, pieces and motorcycles, which accounted, respectively, for 83.6%, 7.2% and 9.2% of the companies in the sector.

 

Retail trade employed 5.8 million persons in 2006

 

In 2006, retail trade had 1.3 million companies (83.6%), with approximately 5.8 million employed persons (75.8%), spending R$ 39.8 billion in salaries, withdrawal and other compensation (64.6%), with net operating  revenue of R$ 443.9 billion (41.8%). Retail trade was also important to the trade margin³. In 2006, the result was R$ 109.5 billion, 53.3% of the trade margin. The average number of employed persons by company was 5 persons, whereas the average salary was 1.6 minimum wages.

 

Trade of fuels and lubricants led the net resales revenue of retail trade⁴. With only 9.808 companies, the activity hypermarkets and supermarkets had R$ 100 billion of revenue, paying R$ 6.3 billion in salaries, withdrawals and other compensation, and employed 722.5 thousand persons.

 

 

 

 

 

Wholesale trade generated R$ 462 billion in net operational revenue

 

Wholesale trade generated, in 2006, R$ 462.0 billion (43.4%) in net operational revenue, and gathered 109 thousand companies (7.2%). The survey showed that 1.1 million persons were employed in wholesale companies, 14.8% of the total. Salaries, withdrawals and other compensation paid in wholesale trade, R$ 15.1 billion, accounted for 24.5% of the trade activity. Trade margin of this type of trade reached R$ 73.4 billion, 35.7% of the total. The average number of employed persons was 10 persons and the average salary was 3.0 minimum wages. 

 

The trade of fuels and lubricants, with only 1,870 companies, led the net revenue of sales of the wholesale segment, with R$ 152.7 billion and employing only 43.3 thousand persons. The trade of food products, beverages and tobacco, with companies distribution (to restaurants, hotels and supermarkets) and exporting companies was the highlight in terms of number of companies (32 thousand), employed persons (296 thousand) and salaries, withdrawals and other compensation (R$ 2.8 billion).

 

 

 

Trade of vehicles, pieces and motorcycles generated R$ 156 billion in net revenue

 

In 2006, the 138.2 thousand trade companies of vehicles, pieces and motorcycles (9.2% of the total) generated R$ 156.1 billion (14.7%) in net operating  revenue and paid R$ 6.7 billion (10.9% of the total) in salaries, withdrawals and other compensation, employing 711.7 thousand persons (9.4% of the total). The trade margin of companies which resell vehicles, pieces and motorcycles, R$ 22.5 billion (11.0% of the total) was the lowest in trade. The average number of persons employed by company was 5 persons, and the average salary was 2.2 minimum wages per month.

 

Sales of automotive vehicles obtained the biggest revenue of resale in this segment R$ 108.6 billion). Sales of pieces for vehicles led the ranking of employed persons (437.2 thousand persons), of salaries, withdrawals and other compensation (R$ 3.3 billion), and also had the biggest number of companies (101.8 thousand).

 

 

 

 

Salaries of big trade companies decreased between 2000 and 2006

 

The average salary per worker of big companies (with 250 or more employees – UNO) decreased, between 2000 and 2006, from 4.7 minimum wages per month, according to the Annual Survey of Trade. In 2006, there were in Brazil, 1,066 big companies in the trade sector, accounting for 0.1% of the total, the same proportion as in 2000. These companies generated, in 2006, R$ 382.6 billion in net operating  revenue, corresponding to 35.9% of the total, whereas in 2000, they accounted for 34.4%. Big companies increased by 1.9 percentage points the participation of employed persons between 2000 and 2006, reaching 1.2 million employed persons (16.1% of the total). The participation of big companies in salaries, withdrawals and other compensation remained stable in the period, 26.5% in 2000 and 26.3% in 2006. In 2006, a total of R$ 16.2 billion were paid by big companies in salaries, withdrawals and other compensation

 

Retail trade was the activity with the highest number of big companies in both years, despite its decrease in participation. In 2000, 66.9% of the big trade companies worked in the retail segment; this figure fell to 59.0% in 2006. Hypermarkets and supermarkets was the activity with the biggest participation in the number of big retail companies, 41.7%, in 200, and 44.4%, in 2006. Trade of vehicles, motorcycles, parts and pieces had the highest percentage increase in the number of big companies, having changed from 7.4%, in 2000, to 11.5%, in 2006.

 

Big companies of wholesale trade were the ones which generated the highest net resales revenue in the period, increasing its participation from 51.5%, in 2000, to 55.1%, in 2006. Among wholesale activities, the sector of trade of fuels and lubricants was the highlight with the highest level of participation in net resales revenue, in both years, although it had fallen from 60.1%, in 2000, to 56.2%, in 2006. Big companies of retail trade lost participation in total revenue, having changed from 45.0% in 2000, to 37.7% in 2006.

 

 

 

 

 

Retail trade is also the main employed among companies with over 250 employed persons

 

The structure of big companies in terms of total employed persons and salaries, withdrawals and other compensation remained stable. Retail trade, in spite of having lost participation in terms of employed persons, changing from 79.6%, in 2000, to 75.4%, in 2006, by 20.2%. In relation to the payment of salaries, withdrawals and other compensation, retail trade was the main activity, although its participation has fallen from 67.4%, in 2000, to 64.2%, in 2006.

 

Big companies with hypermarkets and supermarkets were the highlight considering the activities of retail trade in terms of employed persons and payment of salaries, withdrawals and other compensation in the two years analyzed. In 2000, 53.0% of the persons employed in big trade companies belonged to this activity; this figure fell to 49.6% in 2006.

 

The average number of persons employed by company in big companies increased in the period, changing from 1,084, in 2000, to 1,145, in 2006. Big retail companies were the highlight, with the highest average number of employed persons, 1,290, in 2000, and 1,464, in 2006. In non- specialized retail trade without predominance of food products, which includes department stores and small shops, were found the main retail companies, considering the number of employed persons, with average figures of 2,042, in 2000, and 2,162, in 2006.

 

Wholesale trade presented the highest average salaries, although it decreased from 7.6 minimum wages, in 2000, to 4.5, in 2006. The main wholesale companies of fuels and lubricants were highlights in terms of the payment of salaries in the wholesale segment, in 2000, each worker received an average of 13.9 minimum wages per month, and this figure fell to 12.4 minimum wages, in 2006.

 

Trade margin rate of big commercial companies decreased from 21.2%, in 2000, to 20.1%, in 2006. Retail trade was the highlight with the highest trade margin rates in both years, 30.7%, in 2000, and 32.5%, in 2006.

 

In terms of average revenue, big retail companies had results above the total for trade companies. The average revenue of wholesale in 2000 was R$ 429.8 million, versus an average of R$ 215.1 million for the total; in 2006, the average revenue of wholesale was R$ 669.8 million, versus na average of R$ 358.1 million for the total. The trade of fuels and lubricants was the retail activity with the highest average revenue, R$ 2 873 million, in 2000, and R$ 6 845 million, in 2006.

 

Southeast had biggest decrease in salaries of main companies between 2000 and 2006 

 

In 2000, 58.7% of the gross revenue of big trade companies was concentrated in the southeast Region, participation which fell to 56.0% in 2006. North and Northeast Region presented the biggest increases in participation in revenue: North changed from 2.7% of the total, in 2000, to 4.0%, in 2006, whereas the Northeast changed from 11.9% to 13.1%, in the same period.

 

The Southeast lost its position, in the volume of salaries, withdrawals and other compensation, changing from 63.4% in 2000, to 62.8%, in 2006. The Central West, on the other hand, increased its participation from 5.6% to 6.5% of the total, between 2000 and 2006. In relation to the number of employed persons, the Southeast lost 2.1 percentage points in participation, accounting, in 2006, for 54.1%. The Region with the biggest increase of participation was the Central west, which changed from 5.8%, in 2000, to 6.7%, in 20006.

 

The average monthly salary of big trade companies decreased in all the areas and for all the activities. The Southeast, whose monthly average compensation of workers was the highest in two years, had the biggest decrease, changing from 5.4 minimum wages, in 2000, to 3.5 in 2006. On the other hand, the salary loss in the North and Northeast Regions, which have the lowest average salaries, were the lowest in the period, 1.3 and 1.4 minimum wages, respectively.

 

Big trade companies increased their participation in gross resales revenue, employed persons and number of establishments in all the Major Region of the country, between 2000 and 2006. In terms of salaries, withdrawals and other compensation, there was decrease of the participation of big companies in the Northeast (from 24.5% to 22.8%, South (from 23.3% to 22.7%) and Central West (from 23.3% to 22.8%).

 

Considering gross resales revenue, in 2000 and 2006, the Regions of which the participation of big companies in the total of trade was above the national average were: North (43.8%, in 2000, and 45.5% in 2006) and Southeast (38.2% in 2000 and 38.5% in 2006). On the other hand, the South Region had the smallest level of participation of big companies in revenue (32.9%, in 2000 and 34.2%, in 2006).

 

The North and Southeast Regions were the highlights in terms of salaries, withdrawals and other compensation of big trade companies in 2000 and 2006, with results above the national average. In the North, the participation of big companies remained stable at 34.7% and in the Southeast there was increase from 28.1% to 28.3%. On the other hand, in the Central West, the proportion of big companies in salaries, withdrawals and other compensation changed from 23.3%, in 2000, to 22.8% in 2006, the lowest result among Brazilian Regions.

 

Big companies from the North and Southeast were also the highlights in terms of number of employed persons, with results above the Brazilian average. In 2000, big companies employed 24.4% of the persons in the North, changing from 27.8% in 2006. In the Southeast, this participation changed from 14.9%, in 2000, to 16.5%, in 2006. In the Central West Region, on the other hand, big trade companies had the lowest proportion of employed persons, 10.5%, in 2000, and 12.3%, in 2006.

 

In terms of establishments with resales revenue, the big companies of the North and South Regions had participation above the national average. Establishments of big companies represented 3.0% of the total in the North Region, and 4.2%, in 2006. In the South, these figures were 1.6%, in 2000, and 1.7% in 2006. The proportion of big companies in the total establishments was lowest in the Northeast, where it changed from 1.2%, in 2000, to 1.3%, in 2006.

 

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 ¹Net operating revenue: the gross revenue obtained from the exploration of the main and secondary activities of the company, with deduction of taxes and contributions (ICMS, IPI, ISS, PIS, COFINS etc.) from canceled sales, off-prices and discounts.

 

²Gross resales revenue: the revenue obtained from the trade activity of the company, without deduction of taxes and contributions (ICMS, IPI, ISS, PIS, COFINS etc.) from canceled sales, off-prices and discounts relative to the commercialization of goods.

 

³Trade margin: the difference between net resales revenue and the cost of goods sold.  It refers to the result obtained from the sales effort of goods minus acquisition costs.

 

⁴Net sales revenue: the gross revenue obtained from the trade activity of the company, with deduction of taxes and contributions from canceled sales, off-prices and discounts relative to the commercialization of goods.