Statistics of Entrepreneurship: high-growth enterprises generated 67.7% of job positions between 2012 and 2015
November 17, 2017 10h00 AM | Last Updated: November 27, 2017 12h16 PM
In 2015, 25,796 high-growth enterprises – those enterprises that increased, on average, the number of employees at least 20% a year for three consecutive years and counted with at least 10 salaried employed persons in the first year of observation – were reported. Although high-growth enterprises represented only 1.0% of the total number of active enterprises with at least one salaried employed person, they accounted for more than half of the employments generated by them in this period (67.7%).
Between 2012 and 2015, high-growth enterprises registered a growth of 172.1% in the number of employed persons, changing from 1.3 million persons in 2012 to 3.5 million in 2015, an increase of 2.2 million job positions.
As to the distribution of these enterprises among the sectors, the construction sector (8.1%) recorded the biggest proportion of high-growth enterprises in the total number of active enterprises with 10 or more salaried persons, though, in absolute terms, the biggest number of high-growth enterprises was in services (8,524). The distribution of high-growth enterprises by economic activity showed that the three major sections were trade and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (26.5%); manufacturing industries (18.7%); and construction (11.2%).
Concerning the gross value added, high-growth enterprises generated R$225.7 billion in 2015, i.e., 12.1% of the R$1.9 trillion generated by active enterprises with 10 or more salaried persons. Thus, the average value added – gross value added divided by the number of enterprises – of high-growth enterprises was R$9.2 million, above that seen in enterprises with 10 or more salaried employed persons (R$4.5 million).
The number of high-growth enterprises dropped for the third year in a row. This reduction was of 6.4% in 2014 and reached 17.4% in 2015, reflecting the economic downturn in Brazil and, above all, its impact on the labor market in the end of 2014.
As a specific subject, this edition brings a study on resilient enterprises – those high-growth enterprises of the previous edition (2014) that maintained the hiring pace, growing 20% or more in 2015. By profiling these enterprises, the IBGE could point out those that remained producing new job positions in a period of lower economic activity.
These are some of the highlights of the Statistics of Entrepreneurship 2015, released today by the IBGE in partnership with the Endeavor Brazil Institute, during the Global Week on Entrepreneurship. The survey presents the characteristics of high-growth enterprises and gazelles – high-growth enterprises with up to five years of age –, like age, size, characteristics of employed personnel and sectors of activity. This year, it also brings a special analysis on resilient enterprises. The complete publication of Statistics of Entrepreneurship 2015 can be accessed here.
| Number of enterprises, salaried employed persons, salaries and other compensation, average monthly salary and respective rates for high-growth enterprises - Brazil - 2013-2015 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year |
Number of high-growth enterprises |
Salaried employed persons in high-growth enterprises |
Salaries and other compensation of salaried persons employed in high-growth enterprises |
Absolute monthly average wage (minimum wages) | |||||
| Absolute | Rate in relation (%) | Absolute | Rate in relation to total enterprises with 1 or more salaried employed persons | Absolute (R$1 000) |
Rate in relation to total enterprises with 1 or more salaried employed persons (%) |
||||
| To total active enterprises |
To total enterprises with 1 or more sala ried employed persons |
To total enterprises with 10 or more salaried employed persons | |||||||
| 2013 | 33 374 | 0.7 | 1.4 | 7.0 | 4 977 380 | 14.2 | 107 532 069 | 12.6 | 2.8 |
| 2014 | 31 223 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 6.4 | 4 459 556 | 12.7 | 103 278 054 | 11.0 | 2.7 |
| 2015 | 25 796 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 5.4 | 3 496 227 | 10.4 | 90 352 271 | 9.2 | 2.7 |
| Source: IBGE, Central Register of Enterprises 2013-2015. | |||||||||
Number of high-growth enterprises falls 17.4% in 2015
In 2015, 25,796 high-growth enterprises employed about 3.5 million salaried persons and paid R$90.4 billion in salaries and other compensation (Table 3). The number of high-growth enterprises reduced 17.4% in relation to the previous year, the number of salaried employed persons, 21.6% and salaries and other compensation paid by these enterprises, 12.5%, in nominal values.
In spite of the number of high-growth enterprises has been decreasing since 2013, the retreat registered in 2015 (17.4%) was much sharper. In 2013, the number of high-growth enterprises dropped 5.2% and, in 2014, 6.4%.
The share of high-growth enterprises in the total number of enterprises with one or more salaried persons progressively reduced between 2013 and 2015, changing from 1.4% in 2013 to 1.3% in 2014 and hitting 1.0% in 2015. This movement was also noticed in the share of high-growth enterprises in relation to enterprises with 10 or more salaried persons, changing from 7.0% in 2013 to 6.4% in 2014 and hitting 5.4% in 2015, the lowest rate over the last three years.
The proportion of salaried employed persons also reduced in relation to the active enterprises with one or more salaried persons in the 2013-2015 period, changing from 14.2% in 2013 to 12.7% in 2014 and hitting 10.4% in 2015.
Such loss of share was also noticed in the total salaries and other compensation, decreasing from 12.6% in 2013 to 11.0% in 2014 and hitting 9.2% in 2015. The absolute average monthly salary also declined along this period, changing from 2.8 minimum wages in 2013 to 2.7 minimum wages in 2014 and 2015.
In 3 years, high-growth enterprises of 2015 generated 2.2 million salaried positions
Despite representing a small share in the total active enterprises in Brazil, high-growth enterprises stand out in terms of increment of salaried job positions. The salaried persons employed in high-growth enterprises in 2015 changed from 1,3 million persons in 2012 to 3.5 million in 2015, an increment of 2.2 million salaried employed persons and a change of 172.1%. The increase in the salaried job positions in high-growth enterprises accounted for 67.7% of the jobs created in enterprises with one or more salaried persons.
More than half (55.2%) high-growth enterprises have between 10 and 49 persons
Most high-growth enterprises were in the bracket between 10 and 49 salaried employed persons in 2015 (55.2%), but only 12.6% of the salaried persons were employed in enterprises of this size. Regardless of the low representativeness in the total number of high-growth enterprises (8.0%), enterprises with 250 or more salaried employed persons accounted for 60.2% of the total number of salaried employed persons.
The average age of high-growth enterprises was 13.7 years, below the average of those with 10 or more salaried employed persons (15.3 years). The age bracket up to 20 years concentrated 79.9% of the high-growth enterprises.
The relative share of high-growth enterprises by age bracket remained relatively stable in 2013, 2014 and 2015, either in terms of the number of enterprises or in terms of the total number of salaried employed persons, as well as in terms of salaries and other compensation paid. The only exception was the bigger relative share of those enterprises aged between 20 and 30 years in terms of the total number of salaried employed persons – which changed from 14.5% in 2013 to 19.3% in 2015 – and salaries and other compensation paid – which changed from 13.8% in 2013 to 20.3% in 2015. This was an interesting movement, since the bigger share of those enterprises in the total number of salaried employed persons and salaries and other compensation paid was not followed by a significant increase in the number of enterprises within this age bracket.
Number of gazelle enterprises falls 15.8% in 2015
The number of gazelle enterprises – high-growth enterprises with up to five years of age in the reference year – added up to 3,560 in 2015, which corresponded to a reduction of 15.8% in relation to 2014 and of 21.4% in relation to 2013. The salaried persons of the gazelle enterprises followed the downward trend, posting a reduction of 23.7% in 2015 over 2013.
The representativeness of gazelle enterprises in relation to enterprises with 10 or more salaried employed persons remained constant at a 0.9% rate in 2013 and 2014, declining to 0.7% in 2015.
| Distribution of the high-growth enterprises according to CNAE 2.0 sections - Brazil - 2015 |
||
|---|---|---|
| CNAE 2.0 sections | High-growth enterprises |
Distribution (%) |
| Total | 25 796 | 100.0 |
| Industry (B+C+D+E) | 5 124 | 19.9 |
| Services (H+I+J+K+L+M+N+O) | 8 524 | 33.0 |
| Construction (F) | 2 898 | 11.2 |
| Trade (G) | 6 839 | 26.5 |
| Other (A+P+Q+R+S+T+U) | 2 411 | 9.3 |
| Source: IBGE, Central Register of Enterprises 2015. | ||
33% of high-growth enterprises are in services sector
In 2015, the services sector (33.0%) was the sector that registered the biggest concentration of high-growth enterprises (8,524 enterprises). The distribution of high-growth enterprises by economic activity showed that the three major sections were trade and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (26.5%); manufacturing industries (18.7%); and construction (11.2%). These three sections also stood out for their big share rates in 2013 and 2014, showing a pattern.
The distribution of the salaried employed persons of high-growth enterprises by section of activity showed that administrative activities and complementary services (22.7%); manufacturing industries (21.4%); trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (17.1%); and construction (11.2%) employed more persons.
Women account for 38.1% of persons employed in high-growth enterprises
In 2015, 61.9% of the salaried employed persons of high-growth enterprises were men and 38.1%, women. In spite of the low female representativeness, this was still higher than that recorded among the active enterprises with 10 or more salaried employed persons (37.1%). Concerning the schooling level, 12.6% of the salaried employed persons of high-growth enterprises had complete higher education, a rate below that reported in active enterprises with 10 or more salaried employed persons (13.9%).
Southeast concentrates most employed persons
The Southeast Region recorded the biggest concentration of local units of high-growth enterprises (47.7%) and of employed population (50.2%) in these enterprises. However, the representativeness of the local units of high-growth enterprises in relation to the local units of enterprises with 10 or more salaried employed persons is higher in the North and Central-West (8.1%), followed by the Northeast (7.9%), South (7%) and Southeast (6.9%) Regions.
In regard to the representativeness in terms of employed persons, the Central-West ranked first (15.4%), followed by the Northeast (15.2%), North (13.3%), Southeast (12.0%) and South (11.5%).
22.7% of high-growth enterprises are in trade
In 2015, 2,095 enterprises were considered as of high-continuous growth, since they increased, on average, 20% or more per year since 2010. Despite representing 8.1% of the high-growth enterprises in 2015, such enterprises employed 22.3% of the salaried employed persons and paid 22.7% of the salaries and other compensation. Four activities concentrated 67.6% of the continuous high-growth enterprises: Trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (22.7%); Manufacturing industries (18.5%); Administrative activities and complementary services (15.0%); and Construction (11.4%).
Value added of high-growth enterprises is R$241.4 billion
In 2015, active enterprises with 10 or more salaried persons generated R$1.9 trillion in gross value added – difference between the gross production value and the intermediate consumption or the value that the activity adds to goods and services consumed during the productive process –, being the high-growth enterprises responsible for R$225.7 billion, 12.1% of this total. Thus, the average value added – gross value added divided by the number of enterprises – of high-growth enterprises was R$9.2 million, above that reported in enterprises with 10 or more salaried employed persons (R$4.5 million). Among the high-growth enterprises, the activity of petroleum and natural gas extraction generated the highest average value added (R$418.3 million).
The average work productivity – ratio between the gross value added and the salaried employed persons – in high-growth enterprises was R$70.2 thousand per employee, 10.3% below the productivity of active enterprises with 10 or more salaried employed persons (R$78.3 thousand per employee). The activity of petroleum and natural gas extraction registered the highest average productivity among the high-growth enterprises (R$4,571.5 thousand per employee).
High-growth enterprises accounted for a net revenue of R$718.2 billion, 12.9% of the total of R$6.6 trillion of the net revenue generated by enterprises with 10 or more salaried employed persons.
12.8% of high-growth enterprises in previous edition (2014) maintain growth in 2015
Of the 31,223 high-growth enterprises in 2014 (previous edition), 30,939 enterprises remained in the base in 2015. Of them, 19,094 enterprises (61.7%) reduced the number of employed persons between 2014 and 2015 and 7,880 enterprises (25.4%) grew below 20%. Only 3,965 enterprises (12.8%) remained growing after the high-growth period, the so-called resilient enterprises, as they remained growing in an unfavorable year for the economic performance of enterprises in Brazil.
The average age of resilient enterprises was 13.7 years, below the average age of the other high-growth enterprises in 2014 (14.8 years). Concerning the size of the resilient enterprises, they were concentrated between 50 and 249 salaried employed persons (51.7%), whereas those non-resilient were concentrated between 10 and 49 salaried employed persons (57.9%).
In terms of the activities that reported the highest percentage of resilient enterprises, the highlights were: Information and communication; Financial, insurance and related services activities; Administrative activities and complementary services; Education; and Human health and social services, all of them under the Services sector. Except for Administrative activities and complementary services, the activities that recorded the greatest resilience also posted high rates of employed persons with higher education.
The share of revenue generated by resilient enterprises in the total revenue generated by high-growth enterprises in 2014 changed from 11.7% in 2014 to 14.4% in 2015. The share of value added of resilient enterprises changed from 10.6% in 2014 to 13.7% in 2015.
