Government net lending increased between 2010 and 2013. Having reached R$91.7 billion in 2012 (-1.9% of GDP), it surpassed the 2010 level (R$120.65 billion or -3.1% of GDP), and amounted to R$165.9 billion (-3.2% of GDP) in 2013. In this indicator, the negative balance points to a deficit, which has to be funded by the issuing of financial liabilities. Final government consumption expenditure, that is, expenditure on individual or collective goods and services made available for free by the three government spheres, grew from 18.3% of the GDP (R$710.4 billion) to 19% of it (R$980.2 billion) in 2013, in the Intermediate Government Account (CIG). All that is presented in the publication Public Finance Statistics and Government Intermediate Account, to be released yearly by IBGE from 2015 on. Developed in partnership with the National Treasury Secretariat (STN), the first edition of this study presents results for years 2010 to 2013, considering federal, state and municipal administrations. The objective is to strengthen and improve the methodology for government statistics by means of the harmonization of concepts and methodologies and the information shared between STN and IBGE.

In order to improve government account calculation in the System of National Accounts, which encompasses databases for the intermediate account and other sources of information, this publication also provides an overall view of the connection between Public Finance Statistics (EPF), elaborated according to the Government Finance Statistics Manual 2014 (GSFM) and calculated by STN, and the Government Intermediate Account (CIG), developed by IBGE in compliance with recommendations of the System of National Accounts 2008 (SNA) manual. The main highlights are similarities and differences between the two statistical systems and methods to combine data in case of differences in the way they are presented.

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The Intermediate Government Account (CIG) brings na initial view of government accounts in the economic processes of production, generation and distribution of income, consumption of goods and services and capital accumulation. It is a necessary step in the development of the central account, which will be published along with the results of the Annual National Accounts.

Public Finance Statistics (EFP) focus on the impact of economic events on the government finances: revenue, expenditure and fiscal results, in addition to the impact of the governmental actions on the economy through taxation, spending and borrowing.

Data on the government final consumption, gross savings and gross fixed capital formation are derived from the System of National Accounts, whereas the primary and net operating results come from the statements of public finance statistics. Net lending and net borrowing are present in both systems.

Until 2003, IBGE published specific surveys on public finances. With the discontinuance of such surveys, the STN database became the main source of information for this calculation. The harmonization of methodologies and concepts of Public Finance Statistics and of National Accounts (SNA 2008) represents an improvement in the quality and accuracy of the information used to calculate the final government account and, therefore, the country's GDP.

Net lending increases in 2013

The Government Intermediate Account shows an increase in the government net lending, which, after reaching R$ 91.7 billion in 2012 (-1.9% of GDP), surpassed the 2010 level (R$ 120.5 billion, -3.1% of GDP), reaching R$ 165.9 billion (-3.2% of GDP) in 2013. In this indicator, the positive balance shows the existence of a surplus; when negative, the balance indicates a deficit which will have to be financed through the issuing of financial liabilities.

Final government consumption expenditure increased from 18.3% of GDP in 2010 (R$ 710.4 trillion) to 19% in 2013 (R$ 980.2 trillion) in the Government Intermediate Account (CIG). Although there has been a continuous increase in nominal values throughout the series, there was a reduction in GDP percentage in 2011 (18.1%), the year in which the primary result (difference between government revenue and expenditure, excluding interest) established by Public Finance Statistics (EFP) reached its highest value (3.2% of GDP). The government primary result submitted by EFP also declined in 2012 (R$ 129.2 billion) and in the following year, returning to 2010 levels in 2013, of approximately 2.0% of GDP (R$ 100.7 billion).

The net operating result, which is the revenue minus expenditure (excluding spending on net acquisition of non-financial assets), remains negative throughout the series, with stability in 2011, reduction of the negative balance in 2012 (-1.2% of GDP) and rise in 2013 (-2.5%).