In December 2014, the unemployment rate was 4.3%, the same figure as in December 2013, still at the lowest level throughout the PME time series. In November 2014, the rate was 4.8%. The average rate from January to December 2014 was 4.8% (the lowest in the series), versus 5.4% in 2013. A comparison with the 2003 figure (12.4%) shows decline of 7.5 percentage points

In 2014, the annual average for the unemployed population was 1,176 million unemployed persons, a figure 54.9% lower than in 2003 (2,608 million) and 10.8% below the 2013 average (1,318 million). In December 2014, the unemployed population in the six metropolitan areas surveyed (1,051 million) fell 11.8% in relation to that of November (1,192 million) and 0.9% versus the result of December 2013 (1.061 million).

The annual average for the employed population in the six metropolitan areas surveyed in 2014 was 23.087 million persons, with a decrease of 0.1% in relation to 2013, when that figure was 23,116 million. In December 2014, the employed population in the six metropolitan areas surveyed reached 23,224 million, with a fall of 0.7% in relation to November, and statistically unchanged versus the December 2013 figure.

In 2014, the annual average for the workers with a formal labor contract in the private sector in relation to the employed population changed from 50.3% (11.6 million) in 2013 to 50.8% (11.7 million) in 2014. In 2003, this proportion reached 39.7% (7.3 million). In 12 years this figure increased 59.6% (or more 4.4 million). In December 2014, there were 11,807 million workers with a formal labor contract in the private sector, presenting stability in the month and in the year.

In 2014, the annual average for the real earnings of the employed population (R$ 2.104.16) increased 2.7% in relation to 2013 (R$ 2.049.35). Versus 2003 (R$ 1,581.31) there was gain of 33.1% (or about R$ 522.85). From 2003 to 2014, usual real earnings of domestic services had the biggest increase (69.9%) among the groups of activity surveyed by PME. In December 2014, the average usual earnings of the employed population amounted to R$ 2,122.10. There was decrease of 1.8% in relation to November (R$ 2,161.93) and increase of 1.6% against December 2013 (R$ 2,089.57).

The annual average for the usual real monthly wage bill in 2014 (R$ 49.3 billion) increased 3.0% in relation to 2013 and 66.0% versus 2003. In December 2014, the usual real wage bill (R$ 50.015 million) fell 2.4% in comparison with that of November (R$ 51.243 million) and increased 1.4% in relation to December 2013 (R$ 49.307 million). The actual real wage bill (R$ 55,180 million) increased 7.2% in relation to that of October (R$ 51.467 million) and increased 5.5% versus the November 2013 result (R$ 52.297 million).

The Monthly Employment Survey is conducted in the metropolitan areas of Recife, Salvador, Belo Horizonte, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Porto Alegre. Its complete publication is available at www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/indicadores/trabalhoerendimento/pme_nova/.
The Retrospective Labor Market Survey 2003-2014 can be accessed at www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/indicadores/trabalhoerendimento/pme_nova/estudos_retrospectiva.shtm.

Rio de Janeiro records biggest decrease in the unemployed population

The biggest percentage of decrease in the unemployed population of 2014 in relation to that of 2013 was recorded in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro (-23.4%), with São Paulo and Belo Horizonte (-12.5%) in the second positon. In the metropolitan areas of Savador (14.8%), POrto Alegre (8.7%) and Recife (1.8%), on the other hand, the unemployed population increased between 2013 and 2014.

Employment-population ratio is still lower among women, in spite of its bigger increase in this group

The employment population ratio, proportion between the employed population and the working-age population (aged 10 and over) reached 53.3%. In comparison with 2003 figures (50.0%), there was increase of 3.2 percentage points. The employment-population ration (45.4%) remained below that among men (62.6%), but with bigger increase in relation to 2003. Also in comparison with 2003 results, the employment population ratio of youngsters aged 18 to 24 recorded increase (from 53.8% to 57.2%) as well as of that of the black or brown population (from 48.5% to 53.0%).

Domestic services and construction have biggest increases in earnings

In all the groups of activity there was increases in the purchasing ower of earnings In percentage terms, the groups with the biggest increases were those with the biggest earnings. From 2013 to 2014, rises of earnings of groups were: construction, 6.7%; domestic services, 4.5%; trade, 4.2%; education, health and public administration, 2.7%; other services, 1.9%; industry, 1.3% and services rendered to enterprises, 0.6%.

The biggest increase among the groups, from 2003 to 2014, was recorded by domestic service. Also in relation to 2003, another highlight was construction, formed mostly by masons, a group recording increase of 58.7% in this period.

In 2014, the per capita average real household earnings (R$ 1,425.63) recorded increase of 2.4% in relation to 2013 and of 49.6% in comparison with that of 2003.

Earnings of black and brown persons are equivalent to 58.0% of those of white persons

The survey also presented disparities between the income earned by men and women, and also by whites and blacks or browns. In 2014, on the average, women made about 74.2% of the income earned by men - with increase of 0.6 percentage points in comparison with the 2013 figure (73.6%). The smallest proportion was recorded in 2003, 70.8%.

The earnings of black and brown workers, from 2003 to 2014 increased 56.3%, whereas that of white workers did by 30.4%. The survey also informed that in 2014 black or brown workers earned, on the average, 58.0% of the earnings of white workers. In 2013, the proportion was 57.4%. It is important to mention that, in 2003, this figure did not reach a half (48.4%).

 

Rio de Janeiro records biggest increase in earnings

Among the six metropolitan areas surveyed, the average usual real earnings of the employed population in Rio de Janeiro had its biggest increase (6.4%), being followed by Recife (4.1%).

In relation to 2003, four metropolitan areas recorded changes above the average of six metropolitan areas (33.1%): Recife, Porto Alegre, Belo Horizonte and Rio de Janeiro, with rates of 36.6%; 39.8%; 43.5 and 49.3%, respectively. The smallest changes were recorded in São Paulo (23.9%) and Salvador (27.5%). Although São Paulo has recorded increase below the average of the metropolitan areas surveyed, its level is the second highest one (R$ 2,192.43), right after Rio de Janeiro 9R$ 2,346.50).

From 2013 to 2014, earnings increased in almost all forms of insertion: workers with a formal labor contract in the private sector (1.7%), military and statutory civil servants (2.6%), own-account workers (3.8%) and employers (7.1%). Workers without a formal labor contract in the private sector recorded real decrease of 1.7%.

Participation of persons aged 50 and over in the job market records increase

From 2013 para 2014, the proportion of persons aged 50 and over in the working -age population increased from 32.3%, to 34.1%. In this period, the presence of those aged 50 and over changed from 23.6%, to 24.7%. In 2003, this group represented 16.7% of the employed population.

Schooling of the employed population remains on an upward trend

From 2013 to 2014, the level of schooling of the population 10 years of age and over recorded increase. The proportion of persons with 11 or more years of schooling increased by 1.4 percentage points (from 48.5% to 49.9%). In relation to 2003, when the percentage was 34.3%, there was expansion by 15.5 percentage points in 12 years.

Among the workers, the expansion of the population with 11 or more years of schooling was even bigger, having changed from 46.7% in 2003 to 65.4% in 2014, increase of 18.7 percentage points. There was increase of the proportion of workers with complete higher education: in 2003 they represented 13.8% and, in 2014, 21.3%.

In the year, female participation in the labor market remained stable

The participation of women in the employed population remained virtually unchanged, having changed from 46.0% in 2013 to 46.1% in 2014. It is important to highlight that in comparison with 2003 results (43.0%), there was significant increase of their participation in the labor market.

In 2014, the employed persons worked, on the average, 40.1 hours a week, effectively, versus 41.3 hours in 2003. The metropolitan areas of São Paulo (40.6) and Rio de Janeiro (40.8) had working hours above the six areas.

From 2013 to 2014, the groups of activity recording biggest increases in terms of participation in the employed population were Services rendered to enterprises (from 16.2% to 16.4%) and Other services (from 18.0% to 18.5%).

Results of December 2013: unemployment rate falls to 4.3%

The unemployment rate of December 2014 was estimated as 4.3% for the group of six metropolitan areas surveyed, reaching, for the second consecutive year, the lowest figure in the survey time series (same figure as in December 2013). Rate decreases 0.5 percentage points versus November 2013 figure.

By area, in the monthly analysis, the unemployment rate faced decrease in four of the six areas analyzed: in Salvador it fell 1.5 percentage points (from 9.6% to 8.1%); in Recife it fell 1.3 percentage points (from 6.8% to 5.5%); in Belo Horizonte it fell 0.8 percentage points (from 3.7% to 2.9%); in Porto Alegre it fell 0.6 percentage points (from 4.2% to 3.6%) and in the other areas it did not change. In relation to December 2013, the rate only recorded statistically significant changes in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, where there was increase, by 1.0 percentage points, with a change from 2.6% to 3.6%.

The number of unemployed, in December 2014 (1.1 million persons in the group of six areas surveyed) decreased 11.8% versus the November figure (decline by 141 thousand persons). In comparison with December 2013, there was stability. In the analysis by area, the number of unemployed, in comparison with that of November, recorded decreases in Belo Horizonte (22.1%), Recife (20.2%), Salvador (16.8%) and Porto Alegre, having remained stable in the other areas. In comparison with December 2013, unemployment rose 44.2% in Porto Alegre and fell in 17.7% in Belo Horizonte. In the other areas it did not record significant changes.

IMG001

The number of employed persons in December 2014 (23.2 million in the group of six metropolitan areas) decreased 0.7% in relation to November. Versus December 2013, this number did not record change By area, the monthly analysis showed this population remained stable in all the areas, except in Rio de Janeiro, where it faced a 1.3% decrease. In comparison with December 2013, Salvador and Porto Alegre recorded increase (3.8% and 2.8%, in this order), Belo Horizonte, decrease of 2.6%, and the other areas surveyed, stability.

For the groups of economic activity, in tje six metropolitan areas, from November to December 2014, there were decreases in Industry and in Construction (3.9% each) and increase in Domestic Services (4.0%). In relation to December 2013, there was decrease in Construction (5.1%) and rise in Other services (3.4%).

The number of workers with a forma employment contract signed in the private sector, in December 2014, was estimated at 11.8 million in the group of six metropolitan areas surveyed. This result did not record change in comparison to that of last November, when compared to December 2013, also remained stable.

The average usual real wage bill of employed persons was estimated, for the group of metropolitan areas, in the month of December 2014, at R$ 2,122.10. This result was 1.8% below that of November (R$ 2,161.93) and 1.6% above that of December last year (R$ 2,089.57). By area, versus results of November last year, earnings faced decrease in São Paulo (3.4%), Belo Horizonte (2.2%), Recife (1.8%) and Rio de Janeiro (1.0%). Salvador (2.3%) and Porto Alegre (1.6%) recorded increase. Versus December 2013, earnings reached positive results in Salvador (9.7%), Porto Alegre (6.1%), Rio de Janeiro (2.6%) and Recife 91.0%); declined 1.2% in Belo Horizonte and remained stable in São Paulo.

The usual real wage bill of employed persons was estimated at R$ 50.0 billion in December 2014, having increased 2.4% in relation to last November. In the annual comparison this estimate increased 1.4%