The Extended National Consumer Price Index 15 (IPCA-15) changed by -0.18% in July and was below the June rate of 0.16%. That is the smallest change recorded in a month of July, like the result of 2003. The current index is the lowest since September 1998 (-0.44%). The 2017 index was 1.44%, below the 5.19% registered in the same period a year ago. Considering the last 12 months, the index fell to 2.78%, lower than the 3.52% of the previous twelve months. That represents the smallest cumulative change in 12 month period since March 1999, when the recorded index was 2.64%. In July 2016, the rate was 0.54%. The complete data of IPCA-15 can be accessed here.

Accounting for almost half of the expenditure of Brazilians, Food and beverages and Transportation recorded decreases in July, by -0.55% and -0.64%, respectively. The group food products, which represents 25% of the expenditure, recorded the main negative result, -0.14 percentage points (p.p.), whereas transportation, responsible for 18%, recorded -0.11 percentage points. In addition to that, the group household articles also recorded a decrease of 0.55%, despite its smaller participation in expenditure (4%), with an impact of -0.02 percentage points.

The decrease of food products was even more significant for products purchased for consumption at home, which got 0.95% cheaper. All the areas surveyed recorded decrease, with a change ranging from -0.37% in Brasília to -1.61% in Curitiba. The prices of most products fell from June to July, principally of potato (-19.07%), tomato (-8.48%) and fruits (-4.00%). In terms of food away from home, the average change was 0.20%, and the results of metropolitan areas ranged from a decrease of 0.41% in Rio de Janeiro, to an increase of 1.10% in Goiânia.

In transportation, decrease (0.64%) resulted from the prices of fuels, with -3.16%. Ethanol reached -4.81%, whereas the liter of gasoline fell by -2.98%. On the other hand, airfares rose 5.77%.

Among the other groups of products and services surveyed, the most significant changes were those of Personal expenses (0.31%) and Housing (0.24%), as shown in the table below.

Regarding indexes by area, presented in the table below, Curitiba was the only one covered by the index to Record a positive result (0.01%) due to the rise of 7.09% of electricity (3.38%), in effect since June 2017. In terms of decreases, the metropolitan area of São Paulo (-0.29%) recorded the lowest result, affected by the performance of fuels (-4.22%) - gasoline, with -3.85%, and ethanol, with -5.88%.