Between 2002 and 2012, the relative participation of the Central-West Region in the Brazilian GDP increased the most, changing from 8.8% to 9.8%. Nevertheless, the Southeast remained with the biggest participation among the regions (55.2%), despite the decline of 1.5 percentage points in relation to 2002.

In 2012, eight Federation Units (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná, Santa Catarina, the Federal District and Bahia) concentrated 76.6% of the Brazilian GDP. This group lost 3.1 percentage points of participation in relation to 2002. São Paulo concentrated 32.1% of the Brazilian GDP in 2012.

The Federal District reported the highest per capita GDP (R$ 64,653.00), almost three times the Brazilian average and almost twice the second-placed, São Paulo (R$ 33,624.41). Maranhão (R$ 8,760.34) and Piauí (R$ 8,137.51) registered the two lowest per capita GDPs among the 27 Federation Units.
The complete publication of the 2012 Regional Accounts can be accessed on https://www.ibge.gov.br/english/estatistica/economia/contasregionais/2012/default.shtm

The Brazilian System of Regional Accounts is developed by IBGE in partnership with the state statistical organizations, the state government departments and the Superintendence of the Manaus Free Trade Zone - SUFRAMA.

To estimate the GDP of the Federation Units in 2012, IBGE used the results of the System of Quarterly National Accounts, less detailed than the System of National Accounts. The System of National Accounts could not be used, as it usually was, since the updating of its base year was underway. As a result, this publication brings only information on the 12 economic activities available in the System of Quarterly National Accounts, and not on the 17 activities featured in the 2002-2009 series.

Between 2002 and 2012, three out of the five Major Regions increased their participation in the Brazilian GDP: the Central-West advanced 1.0 percentage point; the North, 0.6 and the Northeast, 0.6.

In 2012, the Southeast was responsible for 55.2% of the Brazilian GDP. Compared with 2011, São Paulo (32.1% of the GDP) lost 0.5 percentage points in the participation, whereas Rio de Janeiro gained 0.3 and Minas Gerais declined 0.1 percentage points. Espírito Santo (2.4%) maintained its participation unchanged.

Table 1 - Percentage participation of the Major Regions in the GDP 2002 - 2012

By contributing with 16.2% to the Brazilian GDP, the South Region maintained the same participation as in 2011. Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina lost their relative participation, as they changed from 6.4% to 6,3% and from 4.1% to 4,0%, respectively. Paraná (5.8%) maintained the same participation as in 2011.

The participation of the North Region (5.3% of the GDP) decreased 0.1 percentage points in relation to 2011. This was due to the decreasing participation of Amazonas, which declined from 1.6% to 1.5% of the GDP in the period, whereas the other states maintained the same participations as in 2011.

The Northeast (13.6% of the GDP) advanced its participation by 0.2 percentage points in relation to 2011. Bahia (3.8%) and Pernambuco (2.7%) were the only states in the Northeast that changed the participation in the Brazilian GDP : advance of 0.2 percentage points and decline of 0.1 percentage points, respectively, in relation to 2011.

The Central-West (9.8%) advanced 0.2 percentage points over 2011 and reached its highest participation level in the time series. Goiás (2.8%) and Mato Grosso (1.8%) were the states that mostly contributed to this gain, as the participation of both states advanced 0.1 percentage points. Mato Grosso do Sul (1.2%) maintained the same participation as in 2011, while the Federal District (3.9%) declined 0.1 percentage points.

76.6% of GDP come from eight Federation Units

In 2012, eight Federation Units (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná, Santa Catarina, the Federal District and Bahia) concentrated 76.6% of the Brazilian GDP, though this joint participation declined 0.5 percentage points in relation to 2011.

In the 2002-2012 time series, this group of eight states lost about 3.1 percentage points of participation for other 19 states and hit the lowest level in the time series. Advances of the agricultural frontier, regional incentives, higher mobility of the industrial plants, as well as the increasing consumption of the poorer populations out of the major cities were some of the factors that influenced this loss of participation.

The participation of the other 19 states (23.4%) rose 3.1 percentage points since 2002. The highlights were Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Pará, Maranhão, Goiás and Pernambuco, which gained 0.6, 0.4, 0.4, 0.3, 0.3 and 0.3 percentage points, respectively, of participation in the Brazilian GDP. Mato Grosso do Sul and Rondônia gained 0.2 percentage points each; whereas Ceará, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte and Paraíba gained 0.1 percentage points each, in the same period. The others maintained the same participation as in 2002.

In the comparison between 2011 and 2012, the highlights were Rio de Janeiro, the second Brazilian economy, which advanced 0.3 p.p; Pernambuco, which advanced 0.2 p.p. and reached the second best position in this comparison; and Mato Grosso and Goiás, which advanced 0.1 p.p.

In the opposite direction, São Paulo was the state that mostly lost participation (0.5 p.p.), changing from 32.6% in 2011 to 32.1% in 2012. Amazonas, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul and the Federal District lost about 0.1 p.p. of participation each. The other states maintained the same participation as in the previous year.

Nine states add up 88.9% of value added to the manufacturing industry in 2012

In the time series started in 2002, the manufacturing industry has been losing participation in the Brazilian economy. In 2012, its participation reached 13.0%, the lowest in the time series.

In 2002, only nine states (São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Goiás, Amazonas and Bahia) concentrated 88.9% of the value added of the Brazilian manufacturing industry. In 2012, this same group concentrated 87.5%, unveiling a loss of 1.4 p.p. of the participation in the period.

Five states concentrated 56.8% of the value added of the agriculture in 2012.

The participation of Agriculture in the value added of the Brazilian economy declined from 5.5% in 2011 to 5.3% in 2012. Although the same as in 2010, this participation was the lowest since 2002. The reducing participation of the crops of sugarcane and soybeans in the overall agriculture contributed to this result.

Bad climate conditions in 2012 also affected other crops. By holding about 66% of the production of rice in Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul reduced its production by 14% in 2012 compared with 2011. Minas Gerais, which was the biggest producer of coffee and accounting for about 60% of the national production, was affected by rainfalls in the beginning of the year.

In 2012, five states (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Mato Grosso, Rio Grande do Sul and Paraná) concentrated 56.8% of the participation in the value added of Agriculture in Brazil.

Public Administration represents 50.7% of value added in Roraima in 2012

In 2012, Services hit its highest participation (68.7%) in the value added of the Brazilian economy since 2002, when such participation was 66.3%. In 2012, two activities (Trade and Public Administration) represented 43% of the value added of Services, or nearly 30% of the Brazilian economy.

Public Administration (APU), which encompasses services provided by the three levels of government, accounted for 16.6% of the value added in Brazil in 2012. This is a key activity to states with the smallest economies. For example, the average weight of APU in the value added of the states of the North Region was about 1/3, yet reaching higher values in Roraima (50.7%) and Amapá (47.3%).

In the states of the Northeast and Central-West, the average participation of APU was close to 25%, yet reaching 55.2% in the Federal District. Nevertheless, the participation was about 14% in the South and Southeast. The state in which Public Administration registered the lowest weight was São Paulo: 9.5%.

Trade with highest weights in Maranhão (19.0%) and Piauí (18.0%)

Trade accounted for 12.7% of the Brazilian Economy in 2012. On average, the relative weight of this activity exceeded 15% in the states of the Northeast, was a little bit lower in the South, was close to 13% in the Central-West and was about 11% in the North and Southeast.

The Federal District (6.7%) and Rio de Janeiro (9.3%) were the Federation Units where Trade recorded its lowest weight, while Maranhão (19.0%) and Piauí (18.0%) posted the highest participations of this segment in their economies.

In 2012, Federal District is the highest per capita GDP in Brazil

In 2012, the per capita GPD in Brazil reached R$ 22,645.86. The per capita GDP stood above this average in eight Federation Units: the          Federal District; São Paulo; Rio de Janeiro; Espírito Santo; Santa Catarina; Mato Grosso; Rio Grande do Sul and Paraná. All the states of the South Region, three from the Southeast and two from the Central-West were included in this group

The Federal District reported the highest per capita GDP (R$ 64,653.00), nearly three times the Brazilian average and nearly twice the second-placed, São Paulo (R$ 33,624.41). Maranhão (R$ 8,760.34) and Piauí (R$ 8,137.51) reported the two lowest per capita GDPs,  38.7% and 35.9% of the Brazilian per capita GDP, respectively.