In 2010, there were 33.320 high-growth enterprises, which are those that had the number of the employees increased in 20%, within a period of three years.  They employed 5 million persons and paid R$ 88 billion in wages and other remuneration. 32,863 of these enterprises were classified as organic growth enterprises,  which means that the rise in the number of employed persons occurred through employment creation rather than fusions with existing firms.

The organic growth enterprises represented 1.5% of the total of enterprises with at least one salaried person and were responsible for generating more than half (50.3%) of the new salaried job posts in Brazil from 2007 to 2010. Of the total of 5.4 million new jobs in this period, 2.7 million were created by high-growth enterprises.

The organic growth enterprises, in 2010, employed 4.3 million salaried persons and paid R$ 67 billion in wages and other remuneration. However, the average wages paid were lower (2.4 minimum wages) than those of the active enterprises with salaried employees (2.9 minimum wages) and the staff was constituted by 8.8% fewer women and 28.0% fewer persons with a university degree. Even though their average value added (R$ 6.5 million) was 115.2% greater than that of the active enterprises with ten or more employees (R$ 3.1 million), their average productivity at work was 25.5% lower (R$ 46.0 million against R$ 61.8 million per employed persons).

These data are registered by the study Statistics of Entrepreneurship 2010, which results from the partnership between IBGE and Endeavor Brazil. The publication analyses the performance of the enterprises, the jobs they generate and indicators such as value added and productivity. In 2010, the focus was the organic high-growth enterprises (EAC).  

The five economic activities responsible for the highest employment creations in the organic EAC were: manufacturing industry (568.8 thousand);managing activities and complementary services (553.7 thousand); construction (551.0 thousand); trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (420.6 thousand); and transportation, storage and mail (204.1 thousand). The average age of the organic EAC, in 2010, was 13.6 years old.

In addition, around 70% of the organic EAC concentrated in the Southeast and South regions in 2010. The Southeast also held the largest percentage of employees (52.9%), but the Northeast came in the second position, employing 19.7% of the persons, followed by the South, with 14.9%.  The Northeast also recorded the highest average of employed persons by local unit (77), followed by the Southeast (69), the North (64), the Central-West (58) and the South (48).

The survey also brings information on the so-called gazelle enterprises, younger high-growth enterprises. Among them, 3,722 enterprises were up to five years old (G5) and 12,328, among five and eight years old (G8).

The complete publication can be accessed at https://www.ibge.gov.br/english/estatistica/economia/empreendedorismo/2010/default.shtm

Organic EAC employ fewer women

High-growth enterprises employed, in 2010, 31.5% of women, whereas in enterprises with at least ten salaried persons women made up 34.3% of the employees, that is, 8.8% less.  In terms of schooling, organic EAC had at least 28.0% fewer persons with a high school degree (8.3%) versus enterprises with at least ten salaried persons (10.7%).

Large-sized enterprises faced decrease in participation among organic EAC

More than half of the organic EAC were small-sized (51.5%), with up to 49 employees, and 9.2% were large-sized, with more than 250 employees.  In terms of the age of enterprises, 5% of the small sized ones had more than 30 years of existence, whereas this percentage in large-sized enterprises was 14.7%.

Organic EAC of large sized enterprises reduced their participation from 2009 to 2010, having changed from 9.4% of the total organic EAC to 9.2% (-0.2 percentage points). Regarding salaried employed persons, this reduction was more significant, having fallen from 60.9% to 57.3% (-3.6 percentage points). In relation to salaries and other compensation, there was more significant decrease, of 5.4 percentage points, with a change from 2.8 minimum wages in 2009 to 2.5, in 2010. Small and medium-sized enterprises kept their average salaries at the same level, 1.9 and 2.2 minimum wages, respectively.

Manufacturing industry was the main job generating sector in three years

Organic EAC represented, in 2010, 7,8% if the enterprises with at least ten salaried persons, a percentage slightly below that of 2009 (7.9%).  Construction-related enterprises formed 13.9% of the organic EAC, the most representative sector.  Trade recorded the smallest level of participation, 6.1%.  Other highlights were administrative and complementary services (11.7%); financial and  insurance activities and related services (10.1%); transportation, storage and mailing (10.0%); And information and communication (9.6%).   

The sections which created most jobs among the organic EAC, from 2007 to 2010, were: mining and quarrying industry (568.8 thousand or 21.7% of the total jobs in this type of enterprise); administrative activities and complementary services (553.8 thousand or 19.3%); construction (55.0 thousand or 18.8%); trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (420.6 thousand or 16.5%); and transportation, storage and mailing (204.1 thousand or 7.3%).

Regarding salaries and other compensation distributed among the sectors of economic activity, in 2010, manufacturing industry accounted for 24.2% of the value paid by the organic EAC, a figure which decreased by 4.2 percentage points when compared to the rate of 2009 (28.4%).

Organic EAC generates R$ 200 billion in 2010

In 2010, active enterprises with at least ten employees generated R$ 1.3 trillion in gross value added (revenue generated by goods and services, minus production costs and taxes).  Each organic EAC was responsible for the generation of 15.1% of this figure, R$ 200 billion), being the main highlights the construction sector, with the generation of 32.3% of the gross value added.  Each organic EAC generated and average of R$ 6.5 million, a figure 115.2% bigger than the average of enterprises with at least ten employees (R$ 3.1 million).

The average productivity of the organic EAC was, in 2010, 25.5% smaller that that of an active company with at least ten employed persons (R$ 46.0 million versus R$ 61.8 million per employed person).  In the sector of oil extraction and natural gas the average productivity of and organic EAC was 74.4% bigger than that of an active company with at least ten salaried employed persons.  In the sector of coke production, of oil derivatives and biofuels, the productivity of organic EAC was 83.5% smaller.   

Seventy percent of the organic EAC are in the Southeast and South Regions

Almost half of the local units of organic EAC were concentrated in the Southeast Region and 20.3% in the South, in 2010. The former also concentrated the biggest percentages of employees (52.9%), followed by the Northeast, with 19.7% of the employed persons and with the biggest average of employed persons per local unity (77), followed by the Southeast (69), North (64), Central West (58) and South (48).

The organic EAC had, in 2010, 66,512 local units. Considering the first five positions in terms of participation of local units, São Paulo was in the first position (30.5%), followed by Minas Gerais (9.4%), Rio de Janeiro (7.8%), Rio Grande do Sul (7.4%) and Paraná (7.1%). The same happened in relation to the variable salaried persons, except for the fourth position, occupied by Bahia, with 6.1% of participation in the total number of local-unit workers.

Gazelle companies have biggest participation of women, but schooling is smaller

Entrepreneurship Statistics 2010 also surveyed the so-called gazelle enterprises, more recently opened high-growth ones.  Among those with organic growth, that is, where vacancies were opened without any structural changes such as merging or incorporation, 3,722 enterprises had up to five years of existence and 12,328, up to eight years (G8).

Among G5 with organic growth there was a 6.9% increase in the number of companies (from 3,481 in 2009 to 3,722 in 2010) ad increase of 10.8% in the total salaried employed persons (from 317 thousand in 2009 to 351 thousand in 2010). In 2010, the G5 with organic growth paid, on the average, 2.2 minimum wages, what is below the average wage paid by organic EAC in the same year (2.4).

In relation to the organic EAC, the G5 had bigger relative participation of women (33.0%) among employed persons in 2010. However, this participation recorded decrease (it was 35.5% in 2009), whereas among organic EAC there was the opposite behavior (from 30.5% to 31.5%).

Gazelle enterprises recorded a lower rate of salaried employed persons with a higher-education degree than high-growth enterprises.  In the G5 with high-growth features, this rate reached 6.3%, whereas among organic EAC the rate was 8.3%, in 2010.