The contributions of São Paulo (11,.9%), Rio de Janeiro (5.4%), Brasília (3.8%), Belo Horizonte (1.4%) and Curitiba (1.4%), together...

 

The contributions of São Paulo (11,.9%), Rio de Janeiro (5.4%), Brasília (3.8%), Belo Horizonte (1.4%) and Curitiba (1.4%), together, accounted for about one fourth of the Brazilian GDP.

 

The data for GDP of the municipalities, a project developed by IBGE in partnership with State Statistical Institutes, show that, among the municipalities which account for at least 0.5% of the national GDP, the main increases occurred in Campos dos Goytacazes (RJ) (0.2%); Betim (MG) (0.1%); Barueri (SP) (0.1%); Manaus (AM) (0.1%); and Guarulhos (SP) (0.1%). Among the capitals, Florianópolis (SC) was the only one which did not have the highest GDP figure in its respective state. 

 

Araporã (MG), a municipality with about 6 thousand inhabitants, where there is a major hydroelectric plant, has the highest GDP per capita in the country (R$ 261 thousand); Guaribas (PI) has the lowest one (R$ 1,368.35). In over 30% of the Brazilian municipalities, at least one third of the wealth came from Public Administration. The five years of the GDP of the Municipalities series were also analyzed according to the 12 Areas of Influence of Cities.

 

In 2006, the income generated by five municipalities only - São Paulo (SP), 11.9%, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), 5.4%, Brasília (DF), 3.8%, Belo Horizonte (MG) and Curitiba (PR), 1.4% accounted for about one fourth of all the income generation in the country. The aggregated income of the 50 municipalities with the highest GDP (in which dwelt 30.1% of the population) reached half of the GDP in the country, whereas the 1,359 municipalities with the lowest GDP accounted for 1% of the GDP in the country and concentrated 3.4% of the population.

 

 

 

 

 

The five municipalities with the lowest GDP in 2006 were: São Félix do Tocantins (TO), Quixabá (PB), Olho D'Água do Piauí (PI), São Miguel da Baixa Grande (PI) and Santo Antônio dos Milagres (PI), in decreasing order. Together, these municipalities accounted for about 0.001% of the Gross Domestic Product of the country.

 

 

In 2006, the 10% of municipalities with the highest GDP generated 24.4 times more wealth than the 50% of the municipalities with the lowest GDP. The Southeast had the highest indicators throughout the series. In this Region, except for the municipalities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, concentration remained the highest (25.0) among all the Regions. On the other hand, the Northeast, North and South Regions had the lowest dispersion coefficients: 12.4; 13.0 and 13.1, respectively. In the Central West Region, there was evident concentration due to the participation of Brasília (Federal District).

 

GDP concentration is also high in North and Northeast Regions

 

In most states of the North and Northeast Regions, the five biggest municipalities concentrated much more than 50% of the state GDP. The exceptions – which have similar figures – were Tocantins and Bahia, with 47.3% and 48%, respectively. The Southeast did not have a specific pattern, but the five biggest municipalities of Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro concentrated over 65% of the GDP of their respective states. In the South and Central West, the level of concentration was much lower, with Mato Grosso do Sul (55.3%) as the only exception.

 

Amapá had the highest concentration in the country: in 2006, its five biggest municipalities accounted for 88.35 of the GDP in the state. Amazonas (87.7%) was in the second position. On the other extreme were Minas Gerais, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul (36.6%, 35.3% and 36.2%, respectively).

 

Florianópolis (SC) is the only capital which does not have the highest GDP in its respective state

 

In relation to the participation of capitals in the Brazilian economy, in 2006, São Paulo (SP) was in the first position and Palmas (TO), in the last one. Florianópolis (SC) was the only capital which did not hold the first position in its own state; in this case, the highest GDP was registered in Joinville.

 

Capitals represented 34.4% of the national income, and the capitals in the North Region accounted for 2.5%; in the Northeast, for 4.5%; in the Southeast, for 19.4%; in the South, 2.9%; and in the Central West, for 5.1%.

 

 

 

Among the states, Santa Catarina was the least dependent on its capital, having accounted, in all the series, for approximately 7% of the GDP in the state. Amazonas was the most dependent state: Manaus accounted for over 80% of the GDP in the state throughout the series.

 

With the economic development of the area known as Norte Fluminense, the dependence of the economy of the state of Rio de Janeiro on the capital had decreases, resulting in a change from 53.1% in 2002 to 46.5% of the state economy in 2006.

 

Among the municipalities with participation above 0.5% in the country’s GDP, Campos (RJ) had the biggest increase

 

The analysis of gains and losses in the percent participation of GDP in 2006 compared to 2005 took into consideration the 23 municipalities with at least 0.5% of the national GDP. The main gains occurred in: Campos dos Goytacazes (RJ) (0.2%); Betim (MG) (0.1%); Barueri (SP) (0.1%); Manaus (AM) (0.1%); and  Guarulhos (SP) (0.1%). The increase in participation of Campos dos Goytacazes occurred due to the increase of the production of petroleum and natural gas and in the increase in the price of the barrel. In Betim, there was growth of the automotive industry, as well as those of car pieces, metal and mechanic items and, mainly, petroleum refining, besides the significant growth of wholesale trade. 

 

 

 

 

Barueri, in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo has significant industrial activity and has gained relevance for concentrating companies which deal with information services and also as a major commercial center. Manaus housed the Industrial Center of Amazonas. Guarulhos had varied industry, in which the highlights were the subsectors of machinery and equipment, metal and mechanic items and electric material.

 

Considering all the municipalities, the major gains of position between 2005 and 2006 occurred in Doutor Ulysses (PR), Igarapé do Meio (MA), Boa Vista do Cadeado, Coxilha and Capão do Cipó (all of the located in RS), mainly due to agricultural activity. The main gains of position were those of Albertina (MG) and Sambaíba (MA). 

 

 

Araporã (MG) has the highest GDP per capita in the country and Guaribas (PI), the lowest

 

Araporã, a municipality with about 6 thousand inhabitants, located in the area knows as Triângulo Mineiro (Minas Triangle), had the biggest hydroelectric plant in the state and, in relation to the previous year, there was increase in the generation of energy. São Francisco do Conde (BA) had the second biggest refinery in terms of installed capacity in the country. The municipality of Triunfo (RS) was the headquarters of an important petrochemical center which was part of the metropolitan Area of Porto Alegre. Quissamã and Rio das Ostras (both in RJ) had as their main activity the extraction of petroleum and natural gas. Louveira (SP) concentrated centers of distribution of major companies and had increased its participation in the state. Gavião Peixoto (SP), due to the installation of an airline company, had gained position in the GDP per capita throughout the series. In Porto Real (RJ) there is an automotive company. The international airport of Confins (MG) received the biggest part of the flights in the airport of Belo Horizonte, and has reached better positions since 2005. Fronteira (MG) housed the second biggest hydroelectric plant in the state.

 

 

In 2006, Guaribas (PI) had the lowest GDP per capita among the 5,564 Brazilian municipalities (R$ 1,368.35), and public administration represented 52% of its economy. In the group of 1% of municipalities with the lowest GDP per capita in the country there were only 56 municipalities with value below R$ 1,813.17. Ten of them were located in the state of Pará and the rest in the Northeast Region, in Maranhão (15), Piauí (15), Ceará (1), Alagoas (3) and Bahia (12).

 

All the capitals in the Southeast and South (and not any in the Northeast) had GDP per capita above the national figure. In the North, the only capital with GDP per capita above that of Brazil was Manaus (AM), whereas in the Central West, Campo Grande (MS) was the only capital with GDP per capita below that of Brazil.

 

 

São Mateus (ES) had the hughest value added of agriculture

 

In 2006, 186 municipalities had approximately 25% of the value added of agriculture in Brazil, whereas 651 Brazilian municipalities aggregated only 1%. The 18 municipalities with the highest value added for agriculture accounted, together, for 5% of the total, in 2006.

 

 

São Mateus (ES), with annual production of 2.7 million m³ of wood, according to the Survey of Vegetal Extraction and Silviculture (PEVS 2006), was the highlight in terms of planted forests for the production of paper and cellulose.

  

Campo Verde e Sapezal, ambos no Mato Grosso, remained as a highlight, despite the low volume and the lower prices of soybeans, corn and herbaceous cotton, according to PAM 2006. São Desidério (Bahia), is a major producer of herbaceous cotton and soybeans. Petrolina (PE) and Juazeiro (BA) were highlights in the production of high-quality fruit, mainly aimed at exports. In 2006, Petrolina took the national leadership in the production of grapes. Uberaba (MG), the major state producer of cereals, mainly corn, was the 10th major producer of sugarcane in Brazil, according to PAM 2006.

 

São Paulo, Campos dos Goytacazes and Rio de Janeiro have the highest value added of industry  

 

Ten municipalities only - São Paulo (SP), Campos dos Goytacazes (RJ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Manaus (AM), Betim (MG), Duque de Caxias (RJ), São Bernardo do Campo (SP), Guarulhos (SP), São José dos Campos (SP) and Curitiba (PR) – concentrated 25% of the value added of industry. Half of the value added of industry came from 57 municipalities, and 1% of it, from 2 526 municipalities.

 

 

São Paulo and Rio remain responsible for 25% of the value added of Services

 

Throughout the series there were no changes in the composition of municipalities which held up to 25% of the value added of Services: São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, in which 9.2% of the Brazilian population lived.

 

In 2006, 36 municipalities (16 capitals) held half of the value added of Services, and 1 362 municipalities accounted for 1 %. The concentration of Services in capitals was significantly high: 40.3% in 2006.

 

 

 

Over 30% of the Brazilian municipalities depended economically on Public Administration

 

In 32.7% of the Brazilian municipalities, over one third of the economy depended on Public Administration. In Uiramutã (RR) and Poço Dantas (PB) the participation of Public Administration in the economy reached, respectively, 78.5% and 71.0%.

 

In all the municipalities of Roraima, Public Administration had participation above 37% and in Amapá, above 35% in all the municipalities, except in Serra do Navio. In 2006, the participation of Public Administration in the Brazilian GDP was 13.1%.

 

 

 

Six municipalities concentrated 50% of the income generated by the North Region

 

In 2006, the income generated by only six municipalities - Manaus (AM), Belém (PA), Porto Velho (RO), Barcarena (PA), Macapá (AP) and Paraupebas (PA) – was equivalent to 50% of all the income in the North Region.

 

The highest GDP per capita in the North Region were registered in Canaã dos Carajás, Barcarena and Paraupebas, all located in Pará. Manaus was in the eighth position in this ranking.

 

Four municipalities were responsible for 24.5% of the economy in the Northeast Region

 

In 2006, the income generated by only four municipalities – Salvador (BA), Fortaleza (CE), Recife (PE) and São Luiz (MA) – accounted for 24.5% of all the income in the Northeast Region.

 

The four biggest GDP per capita were those of São Francisco do Conde (BA), Ipojuca (PE) and Guamaré (RN) and Camaçari (BA).

 

14 municipalities generated half of the income in the Southeast

 

In 2006, only 14 municipalities generated about 50% of all the income in the Southeast Region; the municipality of São Paulo accounted for 21% of this income.

 

Araporã (MG), Quissamã (RJ) and Louveira (SP) had the three highest GDP figures per capita in the Region.

 

Five municipalities held 25% of the GDP of the South Region

 

In 2006, only five municipalities generated approximately 25% of all the income in the South Region: Curitiba (PR), Porto Alegre (RS), Joinville (SC), Canoas (RS) and Caxias do Sul (RS). About 50% of all the income in the South Region came from 27 municipalities.

 

Triunfo (RS), Garruchos (RS) and São Francisco do Sul (SC) had the highest GDP figures per capita in the Region.

 

Goiânia (GO) and Campo Grande (MS) concentrated 20% of the income of the Central West (except Brasília)

 

Except for Brasília, which accounted for 43% of the GDP in the Central West Region, the income generated by Goiânia (GO) and Campo Grande (MT) represented approximately 20% of all the income of the Region in 2006.

 

Campos de Júlio (MT), Alto Taquari (MT) and Sapezal (MT) had the three highest GDP figures per capita in the Central West; among the tem biggest municipalities, eight were located in Mato Grosso.

 

 

 

 

Urban network of Brasília has the highest GDP per capita

 

The five years of the series GDP of Brazilian Municipalities were also analyzed according to the Areas of Influence of Cities. In its latest edition, IBGE has identified 12 urban networks ruled by metropolises: São Paulo (1 120 municipalities), Rio de Janeiro (294 municipalities), Brasília (318 municipalities), Manaus (72 municipalities), Belém (166 municipalities), Fortaleza (806 municipalities), Recife (696 municipalities), Salvador (505 municipalities), Belo Horizonte (731 municipalities), Curitiba (698 municipalities), Goiânia (369 municipalities) and Porto Alegre (763 municipalities).

 

The network of São Paulo accounted, in 2006, for 39.3% of the national GDP, and had, among the urban networks, the biggest reduction in participation in relation to 2002, when its contribution was 40.0%. The GDP per capita of the network was R$ 12 005 in 2002 and it changed to R$ 17 772 in 2006, with figures significantly above the national ones, R$ 8 378 and R$ 12 688 in 2002 and 2006, respectively.

 

In 2006, the network of Rio de Janeiro accounted for 14.6% of the national GDP, having increased by 14.2% in relation to 2002. The network’s GDP per capita (R$ 10 373, in 2002) changed to R$ 16 272 in 2006, figures above the national average. The participation of the municipality of Rio de Janeiro in the total GDP of the network fell from 43.5% in 2002, to 37.0% in 2006. The GDP per capita of the municipality, however, remained above that of the network, although it had lower increase in the period, R$ 15 263, in 2002 and R$ 20 851, in 2006.

 

In the period 2002-2006, the network of Brasília kept stable its participation in the national GDP: 6.5% in 2002 and 6.6% in 2006. The GDP per capita of the network was R$ 10 530 in 2002 and changed to R$ 15 683 in 2006, figures above the national total. The GDP per capita of the national capital, which controls the network, was significantly higher than that of the network, R$ 25 747, in 2002 and R$ 37 600, in 2006, and the concentration of capital in the GDP of the network was high: 58.2% in 2002, and 57.3% in 2006.

 

There was stability in the participation of the national GDP in the network of Curitiba: 9.8% in 2002 and 9.7% in 2006. The network’s GDP per capita was R$ 9 304 in 2002 and changed to R$ 14 048 in 2006, figures above the national one. The GDP per capita of the municipality of Curitiba, which controls the network, was above that of the network, R$ 12 152, in 2002, and R$ 17 977, in 2006; the participation of the municipality in the total GDP of the network was 14.0% both in 2002 and in 2006.

 

In 2006, the network of Porto Alegre reduced its participation in the national GDP in relation to 2002 and changed from 10.0% to 9.6%. O PIB per capita da rede era R$ 9 874 em 2002 e R$ 14 420 em 2006, valores superiores ao nacional. A participação do município de Porto Alegre, que comanda a rede, no PIB total da rede, foi levemente reduzida de 13,8% em 2002 para 13,3% em 2006. O PIB per capita deste município era superior ao da rede, R$ 14 650 em 2002 e R$ 20 900 em 2006.

 

 

The network of Belo Horizonte accounted for 7.2% of the national GDP in 2002 and changed to 7.6% in 2006. The network’s GDP per capita was R$ 6 624 in 2002, and changed to R$ 10 638 in 2006, figures below the national total The GDP per capita of the municipality of Belo Horizonte, which rules the network, remained above that of the region, but with lower increase in the period: R$ 9 077 in 2002 and R$ 13 636 in 2006. In the network of Belo Horizonte, the participation of this municipality in the overall GDP fell from 19.6% in 2002 to 18.2% in 2006.

 

The network of Recife accounted for 4.8% of the national GDP in 2002 and 2006. The network’s GDP per capita was R$ 3 948 in 2002 and changed to R$ 6 078 in 2006, figures below the national one. The participation of the municipality of Recife, which rules the network, in the GDP of the network fell from 17.7% in 2002 to 16.0% in 2006. The GDP per capita of the municipality remained above that of the network, R$ 8 639 in 2002 ad R$ 12 091 in 2006.

 

Between 2002 and 2006, the network of Salvador remained stable in terms of participation in the national GDP, with, 4.8% in 2002 and 4.7% in 2006. The GDP per capita of the network was R$ 4 531, in 2002 and R$ 6 925, in 2006, figures below the national one. The GDP per capita of the municipality of Salvador, which rules the network, however, remained above that of the network itself, but with lower increase in the period, R$ 6 420 in 2002 and R$ 8 870 in 2006. The concentration of this municipality in the national GDP of the network decreased, changing from 23.2%, in 2002 to 21.4%, in 2006.

 

There was slight increase of participation of the network of Fortaleza in the national GDP between 2002 (4.4%) and 2006 (4.6%). The GDP per capita of the network was only R$ 3 286; in 2002 it changed to R$ 5 264, in 2006, but it remained with the lowest figure among the networks. The GDP per capita of the municipality of Fortaleza, which controls the network, remained above that of the network, but with reduced increase, R$ 6 410 in 2002 and R$ 9 325 in 2006. The concentration of the municipality of Fortaleza in the overall network’s GDP fell from 22.3% in 2002 to 20.7% in 2006.

 

The network of Goiânia changed little its participation in the national GDP, 2.9% in 2002 and 2.8% in 2006. The GDP per capita of the network was R$ 7 058 in 2002 and R$ 10 365 in 2006, figures below the national one. The concentration of the overall GDP of the network of Goiânia, which rules the network, remained at 23.8% in 2002 and 2006. The GDP per capita of this municipality was above that of the network: R$ 8 864 in 2002 and R$ 13 006 in 2006.

 

In 2006, the participation of the network of Belém had participation in the national GDP was very similar to that of 2002, 2.1% and 2.0%, respectively. The network’s GDP per capita was R$ 4 072 in 2002 and, in 2006, R$ 6 404; these figures were significantly lower than the national one. The GDP per capita of the municipality of Belém, which rules the network, was above that of the network itself, R$ 5 815 in 2002 and R$ 8 765 in 2006. However, the concentration in the municipality of Belém in the overall network’s GDP decreased from 26.9%, in 2002 to 25.3%, in 2006.

 

The network of Manaus represented, in 2006, 1.8% of the national GDP, having increased 1.6% in relation to 2002. With a figure below the national one, the network’s GDP per capita increased from R$ 7 344 in 2002 to R$ 11 742 in 2006. In relation to the overall GDP of this network, the municipality of Manaus, which controls the network, had significant concentration, of 74.8% and 75.5%, in 2002 and 2006, respectively. The GDP per capita of the municipality, besides this, overcame that of the network, R$ 11 765 in 2002 and R$ 18 902 in 2006.

 

 

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¹ The municipalities were ordered in decreasing order in relation to the GDP. Then, the GDP of the 10 municipalities which most contributed to the total was aggregated. This is the index numerator. The denominanator is formed by the aggregation of the GDP of the 50% of municipalities with the lowest contribution to production .

 

² Available on the IBGE web site: https://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/geografia/regic.shtm

 

³ Metropolises – these are the 12 main urban centers in the country, chracterized by their size and the relations among themselves, besides a major area of influence.