The unemployment rate ¹ was stable in September (7.6%), compared to the result in August (7.6%), whereas compared to September 2007 (9.0%), there was decrease of 1.4 percentage points. The employed population (922 million) increased by 0.7% in relation to August and by 3.4% in relation to September 2007. The number of workers with a formal contract in the private sector (9.7 million) increased by 6% in the annual comparison (550 thousand persons). The unemployed population (1.8 million) was stable in relation to August and fell by 13.2% in comparison with September 2007. The average real income of workers (R$ 1,267.30) rose by 0.9% compared to August; in the annual comparison, the increase was 6.4%. The average real household income per capita (R$ 820.75) increased by 0.3% in the month and by 8.4% in the year. The volume of real income of the employed population increased by 1.6% compared to July 2008 and by 11.0% compared to August 2007.

In September 2008, the unemployment rate ¹ estimated by the Monthly Employment Survey (PME) of IBGE was 7.6% for the total six areas covered by the survey, bringing stability in comparison to August.   In the comparison with September 2007, the rate brought decline of 1.4 percentage points.  In the analysis by areas, in the monthly comparison, this index did not bring a statistical change in any of the surveyed areas.  In relation to September 2007, a significant decrease occurred in Recife (-3.7 percentage points), Salvador (-2.2 percentage points), Belo Horizonte (-1.4 percentage points), São Paulo (- 1.4 percentage points) and Porto Alegre (- 1.4 percentage points).

UNEMPLOYMENT PERSONS (PD)

The Monthly Employment Survey brought, in the comparison with last August, stability in the number of unemployed persons in the total six areas surveyed.  In relation to September 2007, this estimate recorded decrease of 13.2%.

In the analysis by areas, no change was observed in this estimate in relation to the previous month.  In the comparison with September 2007, negative changes were observed in the following metropolitan areas: Recife (-29.3%), Salvador (-18.0%), Belo Horizonte (-16.9%), São Paulo (-11.8%) and Porto Alegre (-17.8%).

It can also be observed that among the unemployed persons, 59.0% were women.  In relation to the age group: 8.2% had up to 17 years old, 35.1% from 18 to 24 years old, 49.8% from 25 to 49 years old and 7.0%, 50 years old or more. 

 

Among the unemployed persons, 19.0% were searching for their first job and 25.8% were the main responsible in the family.  In relation to the time of job search: 23.9% were searching a job for a period below 30 days; 49.1%, for a period from 31 days to 6 months; 10.9%, for a period from 7 to 11 months; and 16.2%, for a period of at least 1 year.  In September 2006, 47.2% of unemployed persons had at least concluded the secondary instruction, in September 2007, 48.8% and, in the last survey, 52.3%.

 EMPLOYED PERSONS (PO)

 In September, the number of employed persons (22.0 million) in the total six metropolitan areas, had hike in the comparison with the previous month, 0.7%.  In relation to September 2007, this number increased by 3.4%, approximately 729 thousand job places.

 In the analysis by areas, in relation to the previous month, this estimate had changes in the metropolitan area of Recife, with hike of 2.9%, and was stable in the other areas surveyed.  In the annual comparison, changes occurred in the metropolitan areas of Recife (4.5%), Belo Horizonte (4.1%), São Paulo (4.2%) and Porto Alegre (4.6%).

Regarding the level of employment (53.0%), in the total six areas, the numbers show increase in the monthly comparison of 0.4 percentage points and 0.7 percentage points in relation to September 2007.  In the analysis by areas, in the comparison with the previous month, there was no change in this index.  In comparison with September 2007, there were changes in the metropolitan areas of São Paulo (1.2 percentage points) and Porto Alegre (1.2 percentage points).

The survey showed that men represented in September 2008, 55.0% of the employed population, while women, 45.0%.  The population from 25 to 49 years old represented 62.4% of the total employed persons.  The survey showed, also, that the percentage of employed persons with 11 years or more of study was 56.1%.

The size of the enterprise was another characteristic observed by the survey, which estimated in 59.3% the proportion of persons working in enterprises with 11 or more persons.  In enterprises with 6 to 10 persons employed, this proportion was 5.7%, while those enterprises with maximum of five persons employed, this proportion was 35.0%.

 According to the Monthly Employment Survey, 49.8% of the population employed had, in September 2008, 40 to 44 weekly hours of work and approximately 32.2% above 45 weekly hours.  On the average, according to the results of the survey, 66.2% of workers in the six areas surveyed had that work for at least 2 years; 11.2% from 1 year to 2 years; 20.4% from one month to one year and only 2.1% were in that work for less than one month.

 
Results in relation to the main groups of activity:

In the comparison with the previous month, employment had a significant increase in the activity of trade, repair of automotive vehicles and personal and domestic objects and fuel retail trade (3.3%).  In the annual comparison, occurred an increase of 3.7% in the group mining and quarrying, manufacturing and distribution of electricity, gas and water, 5.4%, in services rendered to companies, rents, real estate activities and financial mediation, and 5.5% in other services.

Mining and quarrying, manufacturing and distribution of electricity, gas and water summed 17.1% of the population employed.  The number of persons employed in this group did not change in relation to August.  In the comparison with September 2007, it had hike of 3.7%, for the total six areas.

In the analysis by areas, in the monthly comparison, change was observed in this group in the metropolitan area of São Paulo, with decrease of 4.2%.  In the annual comparison, there was change only in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, with hike of 6.7%.

Construction represented 7.3% of the population employed.  In the total six areas, the number of employed persons of this group did not have a significant change in both periods analyzed.

In the analysis by areas, in both periods, there was a significant change in this total, only in the metropolitan area of Recife, in the month it changed by 16.7% and in the year by 31.1%.

 Trade, repair of automotive vehicles and of personal and domestic objects and retail fuel trade, 19.0% of the population employed.  In the total six areas, this number of persons employed had increase in relation to the previous month (3.3%) and stability in the comparison with September 2007.

In the analysis by areas, change was recorded in relation to August, in the metropolitan area of São Paulo, with hike of 5.4%.  In the comparison with September 2007, there was a positive change in Porto Alegre, (12.8%).

Services rendered to companies, rents, real estate activities and financial mediation represented 15.2% of the population employed.  The number of persons employed in this group, for the total six areas, did not have change in relation to the previous month, and in the comparison with September 2007, increased by 5.4%.

 In the analysis by areas, in relation to the previous month, no change in the number of workers in the areas surveyed was recorded.  In the comparison with September 2007, there was change in the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte (10.0%).

Education, health, social services, public administration, defense and social security represented 15.7% of the population employed.  In the total six areas, in both periods analyzed, this number was stable.

In the analysis by areas, change was observed in this number of workers, in the monthly comparison, in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, with decrease of 6.2%, and in the comparison with September 2007, the scenario was stable.

Domestic services represented 7.8% of the employed population.  The number of employed persons in this group, in the total six areas, was stable in both periods analyzed.

In the analysis by areas, there was change in this number, in relation to the previous month in the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte (10.6%) and compared to September of the previous year there was decrease in this estimate in Porto Alegre (12.7%).

 

Other services (lodging, feeding, transportation, storage and communication, urban sanitation, associative, leisure, cultural, sport activities and personal services) represented 17.2% of the population employed.  The number of persons employed in this group did not have change in the monthly comparison and had hike of 5.5% in the comparison with September 2007.

 

In the analysis by areas, there was a positive change in this group of workers in the comparison with August, in Porto Alegre (7.7%).  In the annual comparison, there were hikes in two metropolitan areas: Belo Horizonte (13.5%) and São Paulo (8.9%).

 

 

 

Analysis of classes of workers in the labor market

 

 

Employees WITH a formal contract in the private sector (excluding household workers, military, statutory public servants and others) represented 43.9% of the population employed.  In relation to August, the number of workers in this group did not change.  In the comparison with September 2007, hike was registered (6.0%).

 

In the analysis by areas, regarding the monthly comparison, the scenario was of stability.  In relation to September 2007, there were hikes in the following metropolitan areas: Belo Horizonte (8.9%), São Paulo (9.0%) and Porto Alegre (9.6%).

 

Employees WITHOUT a formal contract in the private sector (excluding household workers, military, statutory public servants and others) represented 13.8% of the population employed.  The number of workers in this category was stable, in both periods analyzed.

 

In the analysis by areas, the scenario was of hike compared to the month of August in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro (7.9%).  In the annual comparison, the scenario also was of hike in Rio de Janeiro (10.7%).

 

Military or statutory public servants were 7.6% of the population employed. This group was stable for the total six metropolitan areas, in relation to August and increased by 10.0% compared to September 2007.

 

In the analysis by areas, the scenario was stable in relation to the previous month.  In the comparison with September 2007, increases were observed in Recife (13.0%), Salvador (17.9%), Belo Horizonte (11.1%) and Rio de Janeiro (11.3%).

 

Own-account workers represented 18.6% of the population employed.  In both periods of comparison, this number of workers did not change.

 

In the analysis by areas, there was change in this estimate in relation to August in the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte (decrease of 5.6%).  In the comparison with September 2007, this estimate increased by 19.5% in Recife.

 

 

 

AVERAGE REAL INCOME

 

 

The survey estimated in the month of September 2008, for the total six areas, the average real income usually earned by workers in R$ 1,267.30, with hike (0.9%) in relation to August.  In the comparison with September 2007, the scenario was also of recovery (6.4%).

 

In the analysis by areas, in relation to the previous month, there was increase in the income in the metropolitan areas of Recife (0.7%), Salvador (5.7%), Belo Horizonte (3.4%), São Paulo (1.1%) and Porto Alegre (1.0%).  Income decreased only in Rio de Janeiro (1.4%).  In the annual comparison, the performance was of hike in the five metropolitan areas: Salvador (12.3%), Belo Horizonte (9.0%), Rio de Janeiro (8.0%), São Paulo (5.7%) and Porto Alegre (1.1%).  Stability was registered in Recife.

 

For the total six areas, the following scenario was registered:
Employees with a formal contract in the private sector - average real income estimated in R$ 1,212.50.  Stability was observed in September 2008.

 

Hike was registered in the income of the metropolitan areas of Salvador (2.7%), Belo Horizonte (2.1%) and Porto Alegre (1.9%).  Decrease was observed in the income of the metropolitan areas of Recife and Rio de Janeiro (2.1%).

 

Employees without a formal contract in the private sector - average real income estimated in R$ 815.40.  Decrease was observed (3.3%) in September 2008.

 

Hike was registered in the income of the metropolitan areas of Recife (1.5%) and Porto Alegre (2.7%).  Decrease was recorded in Salvador (7.0%), Belo Horizonte (0.8%), Rio de Janeiro (6.9%) and São Paulo (3.0%).

 

Military and statutory public servants - average real income estimated in R$ 2,261.50.  Hike of 4.3% was recorded in September/2008.

 

In the metropolitan areas of Salvador (7.3%), Belo Horizonte (8.4%), Rio de Janeiro (3.8%), São Paulo (4.7%) and Porto Alegre (2.1%) increase was observed in the income. In Recife (1.0%) the scenario was of loss.

 

Own account workers - average real income estimated in R$ 1,053.00.  Decrease of 1.4% in September/2008 was recorded.

 

In the metropolitan areas of Recife (2.2%), Salvador (5.5%), Rio de Janeiro (7.6%) and Porto Alegre (1.8%) decrease was observed.  There was hike in Belo Horizonte (3.2%) and in São Paulo (2.2%).

 

 

Income of classes of workers in the ANNUAL comparison

 

For the total six areas, the following scenario was registered:
Employees with a formal contract in the private sector had recovery of 4.6% in relation to September 2007.

 

For the workers of the metropolitan areas of Salvador (15.5%), Belo Horizonte (6.9%), Rio de Janeiro (3.3%), São Paulo (4.4%) and Porto Alegre (1.1%) there was increase and in Recife there was decrease (2.0%).

 

Employees without a formal contract in the private sector had increase of 4.5% in the income in relation to September 2007.

 

For the workers of the metropolitan areas of Recife (4.2%), Salvador (12.7%), Belo Horizonte (13.7%) and Rio de Janeiro (15.2%) the income increased while in Porto Alegre (4.4%) and São Paulo (0.6%) income decreased.

 

Military and statutory public servants, income increased by 8.8% in relation to September 2007.

 

There was decrease in the income of the metropolitan area of Recife (1.5%).  The scenario was of recovery in Salvador (20.1%), Belo Horizonte (6.9%), Rio de Janeiro (15.8%), São Paulo (5.9%) and Porto Alegre (1.4%).

 

Own-account workers - income presented recovery of 4.8% in relation to September 2007.

 

There was recovery in the metropolitan areas of Salvador (6.3%), Belo Horizonte (8.0%), Rio de Janeiro (4.2%), São Paulo (7.2%) and Porto Alegre (2.0%).  There was decrease in Recife (9.4%).

 

 

 

Analysis of real income of workers by groups of activity

 

 

In the comparison with August 2008, it could be observed:

 

Hike in the real average income usually earned of workers in the following groups of activity: mining and quarrying, manufacturing and distribution of electricity, gas and water (2.7%); services rendered to companies, rents, real estate activities and financial mediation (0.6%); education, health, social services, public administration, defense and social security (3.2%) and other services (2.3%).

 

Decrease in the average real income usually earned in the following groups: construction (4.8%) and trade, repair of automotive vehicles and of personal and domestic objects and retail fuel trade (0.9%).

 

Stability in the average real income usually earned of workers in the following group: domestic services.

 

In the comparison with September 2007, it could be observed:

Hike in the average real income usually earned of workers in the following groups of activity: mining and quarrying, manufacturing industry and distribution of electricity, gas and water (6.6%); trade, repair of automotive vehicles and of personal and domestic objects and retail fuel trade (2.2%); services rendered to companies, rents, real estate activities and financial mediation (7.3%); education, health, social services, public administration, defense and social security (9.1%); domestic services (4.8%) and other services (5.1%).

 

Decrease in the average real income usually earned of workers in the following group of activity: construction (1.1%).

 

 

HOUSEHOLD AVERAGE REAL INCOME PER CAPITA

 

 

The survey estimated in September 2008, for the total six areas, the household average real income per capita in R$ 820.75.  This value was stable in the comparison with August.  In the comparison with September of the previous year, the scenario was of recovery (8.4%).

 

In the analysis by areas, in relation to August, increase was observed in the income of the metropolitan areas of Recife (5.4%), Salvador (6.8%), Belo Horizonte (3.1%) and Porto Alegre (0.7%).  An opposite trend was observed in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, where the income registered decrease of 1.6% and was stable in São Paulo.  In the comparison with September of the previous year, all the metropolitan areas brought recovery in the income: Recife (4.3%), Salvador (5.8%), Belo Horizonte (10.1%), Rio de Janeiro (10.0%), São Paulo (9.8%) and Porto Alegre (1.1%).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

VOLUME OF REAL INCOME IN EFFECT OF THE EMPLOYED POPULATION

 

 

The volume of real income in effect of the employed population was estimated in 27.9 billion reais according to the Monthly Employment Survey of September 2008 (month of reference August 2008), for the total six metropolitan areas.  This estimate brought hike in relation to the previous month (1.6%) and also in relation to September 2007 (11.0%).

 

In the comparison with last July, there was hike in the volume of income in the metropolitan areas of Recife (5.0%), Salvador (7.4%), Belo Horizonte (3.3%), São Paulo (2.3%) and Porto Alegre (1.7%).  Decrease was recorded in the overall income in Rio de Janeiro (2.1%).  In the comparison with August 2007, hike was recorded in all areas: Recife (3.1%), Salvador (9.7%), Belo Horizonte (12.6%), Rio de Janeiro (11.0%), São Paulo (12.4%) and Porto Alegre (7.0%).

 

 

 

 

Note

1 -  Proportion of unemployed persons in relation to the economically active population.