In the comparison with July (8.1%), the unemployment rate decreased by 0.5 percentage points while in relation to August 2007 (9.5%), the decrease was of 1.9 percentage points. ...

 

 

 

In the comparison with July (8.1%), the unemployment rate decreased by 0.5 percentage points while in relation to August 2007 (9.5%), the decrease was of 1.9 percentage points.  The employed population (21.8 million) increased by 0.7% in relation to July and by 3.7% in the comparison with August 2007.  The number of workers with a formal contract in the private sector (9.6 million) increased by 5.8% in the annual comparison.  The unemployed population (1.8 million) decreased by 6.1% in relation to July and 19.2% in the comparison with August 2007.  The average real income of workers (R$ 1,253.70) increased by 2.1% compared to July, and in the annual comparison, the growth was of 5.7%.  The average real household income per capita (R$ 817.14) increased by 1.7% in the month and by 8.9% in the year. The volume of real income in effect of the employed population ¹ (R$ 27.5 billion) had growth of 3.3% in relation to June and of 10.7% in the comparison with July 2007.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

In August 2008, the unemployment rate ² estimated by the Monthly Employment Survey (PME) of IBGE was 7.6% for the total six metropolitan areas surveyed ³ , a reduction of 0.5 percentage points in relation to July (8.1%) and 1.9 percentage points in relation to August 2007 (9.5%).  It was the lowest unemployment rate for a month of August since the beginning of the new series of the PME, in 2002.

 

In the comparison with July, this index had decrease in the metropolitan areas of Recife (from 10.1% to 8.3%).  In relation to August 2007, significant decreases were recorded in Recife (-4.6 percentage points), Salvador (-3.3 percentage points), Belo Horizonte (-1.3 percentage points), São Paulo (-2.1 percentage points) and Porto Alegre (-2.4 percentage points).

 

 

UNEMPLOYED PERSONS (PD) ⁴

 

The total number of unemployed persons in the total areas surveyed in August (1.8 million) had a decrease of 6.1% in relation to July and of 19.2 % in the comparison with August 2007.

 

In the month, fell the number of unemployed persons in Recife (-20.9%).  In relation to the previous year, negative changes were observed in the following metropolitan areas: Recife (-38.3%), Salvador (-25.1%), Belo Horizonte (-15.6%), São Paulo (-18.4%) and Porto Alegre (-29.4%).

 

Among the unemployed persons, 57.9% were women.  In relation to the age group, 7.9% had up to 17 years old, 34.9% had between 18 and 24 years old, 49.9% between 25 and 49 years old and 7.3%, 50 years old or more.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Among the unemployed persons, 19.4% were searching for their first job and 25.9% were the main responsible in the family.  In relation to the period of job seeking, 22.8% were searching a job for a period up to 30 days; 50.9%, from 31 days to 6 months; 9.1%, from 7 to 11 months; and 17.2%, for more than 1 year.  In August 2006, 46.4% of the unemployed persons had at least concluded secondary instruction, a percentage that, in August 2007, was 50.3% and reached 53% in this year.

 

 

EMPLOYED PERSONS (PO)

 

In August 2008, the number of employed persons (21.8 million) in the total six metropolitan areas increased by 0.7% in relation to the previous month and 3.7% in the comparison with August 2007 – which means that approximately 771 thousand new jobs created.

 

In relation to July, there was stability in all the areas.  In the annual comparison, positive changes occurred in the metropolitan areas of Belo Horizonte (4.4%), Rio de Janeiro (2.1%), São Paulo (5.2%) and Porto Alegre (4.4%).

 

The level of employment ⁵ (52.6%) in the total six areas was statistically stable in the monthly comparison and increased by 0.7 percentage points in relation to August 2007.  In the analysis by areas, in the comparison with the previous month, there was no change in this index.  In the comparison with August 2007, there were increases in São Paulo (1.2 percentage points) and Porto Alegre (1.4 percentage points).

 

Men represented 55.2% of the employed population and women, 44.8%.  The population from 25 to 49 years old represented 62.1% of the total employed persons.  The survey showed also that the percentage of employed persons with 11 years or more of schooling was 55.5%.

 

In August, 49.7% of the employed population summed 40 to 44 weekly hours of work and approximately 32.4% above 45 weekly hours.  On the average, 66.4% of workers in the six areas surveyed had that job for at least 2 years; 11.2% between 1 year and less than 2 years; 20.3% between one month and one year and only 2.0% were in that job for less than 1 month.

 

 

 

Results in relation to the main groups of activities:

 

In relation to August 2007, the employment had a higher growth in the following activity groups:  mining and quarrying, manufacturing industry and distribution of electricity, gas and water (7.2%); education, health, social services, public administration, defense and social security (4.9%); and other services (5.7%).  In the monthly comparison no significant changes were recorded.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Classes of workers in the labor market

 

Employees WITH  a formal contract in the private sector ⁶ (43.8% of the PO).  There was stability in relation to July and hike in relation to August 2007 (5.8%).  In the analysis by areas, in the monthly comparison, the scenario was of stability.  In relation to August 2007, there was hike in the following metropolitan areas: Belo Horizonte and São Paulo (8.1% in each one) and Porto Alegre (6.5%).

 

Employees WITHOUT a formal contract in the private sector ⁶   (13.9% of the PO).  There was stability in the monthly comparison and hike of 6.0% in relation to August 2007.  In the analysis by areas, the scenario was of stability in the comparison with July.  In the annual comparison there was hike in São Paulo (8.7%).

 

Military and statutory public servants (7.6% of the PO).  Hike for the total six metropolitan areas compared to July (4.6%) and compared to August 2007 (10.3%).  In the analysis by areas, the scenario was of hike in São Paulo (12.3%), in relation to the previous month.  In the comparison with August 2007, Belo Horizonte (15.3%) and São Paulo (13.9%) had hikes.

 

Own-account workers (18.8% of the PO).  There was stability in both periods of comparison. In the analysis by areas, stability was observed in relation to July and in the comparison with August 2007, hike of 10.8% in Recife.  

 

 

 

 

 

AVERAGE REAL INCOME ⁷

 

The survey estimated in the month of August 2008, for the total six areas, the average real income usually earned by workers in R$ 1,253.70, with an increase of (2.1%) in relation to last July and 5.7% in the comparison with August 2007.

 

 

 

 

 

 

In the analysis by areas, in relation to the previous month, increase was observed in the income of the metropolitan areas of Recife (2.3%), Belo Horizonte (0.5%), Rio de Janeiro (3.5%), São Paulo (1.9%) and Porto Alegre (2.1%).  Income decreased in Salvador (-0.6%).  In the annual comparison, there was increase in five metropolitan areas, Salvador (6.4%), Belo Horizonte (3.5%), Rio de Janeiro (11.8%), São Paulo (4.6%) and Porto Alegre (2.1%), and decrease in Recife (-6.5%).

 

 

Analysis of real income of workers by groups of activity

 

In the comparison with July 2008 it could be observed:

 

Increase in the average real income usually earned in the following groups of activity: mining and quarrying, manufacturing industry and distribution of electricity, gas and water (3.9%); services rendered to companies, rents, real estate activities and financial mediation (3.7%); domestic services (0.8%) and other services (2.9%).

 

Decrease in the average real income usually earned in the following groups of activity: construction (2.1%) and trade, repair of automotive vehicles and of personal and domestic objects and retail fuel trade (1.1%).

 

Stability in the average real income usually earned in the following groups of activity: education, health, social services, public administration, defense and social security.

 

 

 

In the comparison with August 2007:

 

Increase in the average real income usually earned in all the groups of activity: mining and quarrying, manufacturing industry and distribution of electricity, gas and water (5.9%); construction (5.3%); trade, repair of automotive vehicles and of personal and domestic objects and retail fuel trade (1.1%); services rendered to companies, rents, real estate activities and financial mediation (4.7%); education, health, social services, public administration, defense and social security (8.4%); domestic services (5.9%) and other services (3.7%).

 

 

 

AVERAGE REAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME PER CAPITA ⁸

 

The PME estimated, in August 2008, for the total six areas, the average real household income per capita in R$ 817.14.  This value was 1.7% higher than in July and 8.9% higher in relation to August/07.

 

In relation to July, the income increased in Recife (2.7%), Belo Horizonte (1.4%), Rio de Janeiro (1.0%), São Paulo (2.3%) and Porto Alegre (1.4%).  On the other hand, it decreased in Salvador (-2.3%).  In the comparison with August of the previous year, the income increased in Salvador (1.7%), Belo Horizonte (4.8%), Rio de Janeiro (15.3%), São Paulo (9.7%) and Porto Alegre (2.2%).  Only in the metropolitan area of Recife there was decrease (-4.8%).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

THE VOLUME OF REAL INCOME IN EFFECT OF THE EMPLOYED POPULATION ⁹

 

 

The volume of real income in effect of the employed population was estimated in R$ 26.4 billion (month of reference - July 2008), for the total six metropolitan areas.  In relation to June, there was stability and, in the comparison with July 2007, there was increase of 6.6%.

 

In the comparison with last June, there was decrease in the volume of income of the metropolitan area of São Paulo (-1.6%), increases in Recife (2.6%) and Belo Horizonte (3.2%) and stability in Salvador, Rio de Janeiro and Porto Alegre.  In the comparison with July 2007, there was hike in Salvador (4.2%), Belo Horizonte (5.0%), Rio de Janeiro (10.3%), São Paulo (7.3%) and Porto Alegre (4.5%).  The only metropolitan area with decrease in the annual comparison was Recife (7.7%).

 

 

 

 

 

 

Notes

1 - The income in effect is the income of the previous month of the month in which data is being collected.

2 - It is the proportion of unemployed persons in relation to active-age population.

3 - São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, Salvador, Recife and Porto Alegre.

4 - Persons who were not working, were available to work in the week of reference and had taken action in order to find a job in the thirty days before the week in which they answered the survey.
5 - Proportion of employed persons in relation to the active-age population.
6 - Excluding household workers, military, statutory public servants and others.

7 - Income usually earned. The deflator used for the calculation of the real income for each area is the Consumer Price Index of the metropolitan area produced by the IBGE.  In order to calculate the income of the total six metropolitan areas covered by the survey, the deflator is the weighed average of the price indexes of these areas.  The weighing variable is the resident population in the urban area of the metropolitan area.

8 - The household monthly income per capita was calculated by dividing the household monthly income by the number of components of the household unit, excluding those whose condition in the household unit was pensioner, household worker or relative of household worker.

9 - Sum of the income effectively earned from all the activities in the month of reference of the survey (month before the release).