The Annual Survey of Industry shows that, in 2005, 147,000 companies employed about 6,4 million persons, among whom 3,8 million (59.6%) worked for small and medium-sized companies.

The Annual Survey of Industry (PIA – Enterprise) shows that, in 2005, 147,000 companies employed about 6,4 million persons, among which 3,8 million (59.6%) worked for small (with 5 to 99 employees) and medium-sized companies (with 100 to 499 employees). However, among the small companies, the ones which employed from 5 to 29 persons had 1,3 million employees , which represents 20% of the overall number of employed persons in industry. Considering the overall number of persons in industry, 40.4% (or about 2,6 million) were in big companies (with 500 or more employees).    

Still in 2005, the industrial companies paid R$ 106 billion in salaries, withdrawals and other remuneration, which represented an average of 4,4 minimum wages per month. They also accumulated revenue of R$ 1,256 billion and the cost of industrial transformation (VTI) was R$ 511 billion.

In relation to the industrial products, PIA-Enterprise showed that diesel was the leader of the top-ten list of sales in 2005, with R$ 40 billion. In the same ranking, crude petroleum oil moved from the 99^th position, in 2000, to the 8^th one, with R$ 11,7 billion. São Paulo had the biggest participation in Brazilian industrial sales in 2005 (41.6%), but faced decreased in relation to 2000 (46.4%). In the state, in the same period (2000- 2005), the sales of capital goods changed from 66.6% to 57.4% of the overall sales in this sector in the country; intermediate goods fell from 42.7% to 38.5%; durable consumer goods, from 42.7% to 37.0% and semi-durable and non-durable consumer goods fell from 46.7% to 44.5%.

Big-sized companies account for 68.9% of the industrial transformation value

The difference between big and small industrial companies was also observed through their participation in the industrial transformation value (VTI). In 2005, the companies with over 500 employees accounted for 68.9% of the industrial transformation value, whereas the small ones accounted for only 13.3%. Among the small companies, the ones who had between 5 and 29 employed persons represented 6.3% of the VTI. Medium-sized companies contributed with 17.8%.

Big companies, which had higher productivity and also higher wages, paid, on average, 6,2 minimum wages, more than the result for industry (4,4) in 2005. In the same period, the employed persons in the medium companies received 4,3 minimum wages and the employees in small companies, 2,5.

In relation to participation in production, the companies with profit above R$ 60,0 million held 78.9% of the cost of industrial transformation. The companies which had lower revenue (up to R$ 1,2 million) had participation of only 3.7%. Together, the three groups of companies with the lowest profit (which means 94.1% of the companies and 40.9% of the persons) contributed with only 9.99% of the cost of industrial transformation value. 

PIA- Enterprise also shows that, in 2005, the Southeast Region concentrated over half of the employed persons (54.3%) and of the industrial transformation value (63.5%). The second most important area in terms of employed persons was the South, with 25.2% of the employed persons, and 17.7% of the transformation value. The other three areas had closer percentage figures for the two variables: the Northeast, with 12.4% of the employed persons and 9.3% of the VTI; Central West, with 4.5% and 3.7%, respectively; the North Region, with the lowest percentage of employed persons (3.6%) and 5.8% of the VTI.

In the analysis by area of the ratio of industrial transformation by employed persons, it was observed that the Southeast (R$ 94 thousand) and North (R$ 131 thousand) have productivity levels above the overall production in the country (R$ 80 thousand), whereas the Central West (R$ 65 thousand), Northeast ($ 60 thousand) and South (R$ 56 thousand) were below the overall average. The industrial structure of the North is characterized by the presence of Amazonas, whose high productivity is a consequence of the predominance of big companies, basically in the field of durable consumer goods.    

Among the sectors which had significant gains of participation in the VTI, between 1996 and 2005, the highlights  were: petroleum refining and alcohol production, whose importance increased mainly in the industry of Bahia, Ceará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro and Amazonas; mining and quarrying industry, being the highlight the dynamism of this sector in Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Pará and Amazonas; metallurgy, whose representativity increased, mainly in Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais and Pará, and other transportation equipment, especially in the industry of Amazonas.

On the other hand, in the same period, the main losses of participation in the total VTI were observed in: editing and printing, especially the decrease of importance of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro; textiles, in which prevailed the loss of participation in the industry of Ceará and Santa Catarina; machinery and equipment, with reduced participation of this subsector in Santa Catarina; and electronic material and communication equipment, especially with the loss of participation in the industry of São Paulo.

In the period 1996 – 2005, there was also reduction of the importance of industrial activity in São Paulo and in Rio Grande do Sul; in the latter in a slighter way, due to the loss of participation in the industrial transformation value. On the other hand, the Federative Units which led the gains of participation were: Bahia (petroleum refining and production of alcohol and vehicles), Rio de Janeiro  (mining and quarrying industry), Minas Gerais (mining and quarrying industry), Espírito Santo (mining and quarrying industry), Paraná (petroleum refining and alcohol production) and Mato Grosso (food products).

PIA-PRODUCT:  diesel and petroleum are highlights in terms of sale

PIA – Product showed information about the industrial companies in the county with 30 or more employed persons, investigating about 3,600 items. In 2005, the sales totaled R$ 1,1 trillion, which represent about 90% of the overall sales in the Brazilian industry.

Being the highlight in the sector of intermediate goods in 2005, diesel leads the list of 100 major industrial products in value of sales in the country, with R$ 40 billion; 64% of its sales occurred in the states of São Paulo, Paraná and Bahia. Another highlight in this ranking was petroleum: the input moved from the 99^th position, in 2000, to the 8^th position, in 2005. One of the reasons of this good performance is its growing participation in the group of Brazilian exports in the last few years.

São Paulo still had the biggest participation in sales in 2005 (41.6%), although there have been lack of importance in relation to 2000 (46.4%). The same situation occurred in all the categories of use: capital goods, which includes machinery and equipment, with reduction from 66.6% to 57.4%; intermediate goods, which includes production of raw material and inputs, from 42.7% to 38.5%; durable consumer goods, such as mobile phones and automobiles, from 42.7% to 37.0%; and semi-durable and non-durable consumer goods, such as food products and footwear, which fell from 46.7% to 44.5%.

In the segment of capital goods, there was decrease of participation from 9.3%, in 2000, to 7.7%, in 2005. The industry of Rio Grande do Sul, however, showed the biggest gain between 2000 (8.4%) and 2005 (11.9%). In this place, the highlight was tractors, with 16.4% of participation in the sales of capital goods in the state. São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro were also highlights for producing, predominantly, the item light trucks, which is the highlight with 10.1% of the sales of the sector in 2005. 

The segment intermediate goods confirmed its leadership in industrial sales by category of use in 2005, with 57.9%. Five years before, it contributed with 55%. This increase is probably related to the dynamism of Brazilian exports, which were especially favored by the higher value of commodities. In the same subsector, it is also worth mentioning the increase of processed iron ore, which is on the third position in the ranking of national sales, having left the fifth position in 2000. The item iron ore had 78.5% of its sales in Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo.

The segment semi-durable and non-durable consumer goods keeps the second position among the categories of use, with decrease of participation between 2000 (24.5%) and 2005 (21.2%0. Among the semi-durable goods, the highlights were female leather articles, with Rio Grande do Sul and Ceará accounting for 88.4% of the sales. Among non-durable consumer goods, the highlights were fuel gasoline and hydrated and dehydrated alcohol.  The former was mainly sold in São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Paraná, with 69.7% of the total, and, in the second, São Paulo, with participation of 61.6%.

Mobile telephones reach the sixth position in the ranking of sales

In the category of durable consumer goods, there was increase of participation between 2000 (8.0%) and 2005 (8.8%). The sales of mobile telephones have placed these appliances in the sixth position among the best-sold products, ten positions above that of 2000. Amazonas maintained the second biggest participation in this segment (24.0%), due to the sales of electronic appliances, motorcycles and mobile telephones. In terms of product, the highlights are automobiles of a category above 1500 cc and below 3000 cc, which represented 61.7% of the sales in São Paulo and in Minas Gerais. Vehicles of 1000 cc or below accounted for 85% of the sales, and the highlights were São Paulo, Bahia and Paraná. 

Industry undergoes several structural changes in 9 nine years

From 1996 to 2005, the main changes in the structural profile of industry, in terms of the distribution of the employed persons were: food products, with increase of importance, especially in the industry of Minas Gerais, Paraná and Goiás; footwear and leather articles, which, in spite of having lost participation in the industry of Rio Grande do Sul, has grown due to Ceará and Bahia; other transportation equipment, especially in terms of the growth of industry in Amazonas and in Rio de Janeiro.

In this same period, the main decreases of participation of the overall number of employed persons in industry were observed in: petroleum refining and alcohol production, being the highlight the losses in Mato Grosso and Paraná; and textiles, with a predominance of São Paulo as the main area with decrease of participation in this activity.

Decrease of participation of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo reduces importance of the Southeast Region

The survey also shows that the decrease of participation of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo were responsible for the deconcentration of employed persons in the industry of the Southeast between 1996 and 2005. On the other hand, the main gains of participation in terms of number of employed persons in industry were observed in Paraná, Santa Catarina. Goiás, Bahia, Minas Gerais and Ceará.