The Extended National Consumer Price Index-15 - IPCA-15 changed 0.19% in October and stayed below the September´s rate (0.23%). This was the lowest rate for the IPCA-15 in October since 2009, when the index was at 0.18%. As a result, the cumulative index in the year stayed at 6.11%, well below the rate of 8.49% recorded in the same period of the previous year. The cumulative index in the last 12 months stayed at 8.27%, below the rate of 8.78% posted in the immediately previous 12 months.
In October 2015, the rate was at 0.66%. The complete data of the IPCA-15 can be accessed here.

As shown in the table below, three out of the nine groups of products and services surveyed dropped, highlighted by Food and Beverages (-0.25%), which exerted the greatest negative contribution to the index: -0.06 percentage points (p.p.)

 

The prices in the group of food for consumption at home declined (-0.57%), reaching -1.72% in the metropolitan area of Curitiba, -1.57% in the Federal District and 

-1.53% in the  Porto Alegre area.

Among the products that mostly weighted in the expenses of families, the main downward contribution came from long-life milk (-0.11 p.p.), which became 8.49% cheaper. The prices of this product did not retreat only in Salvador (0.34%), and the most intense drop was registered in Curitiba (-18.82%). Other food items became even cheaper between September and October, like potatoes (-13.03%), green vegetables (-6.18%) and carioca beans (-6.17%).

On the other hand, a number of food products pressed for a rise, especially meat, whose prices increased 2.45% and provided the biggest contribution to the month´s index: 0.07 p.p.

Considering the groups of products and services on the rise, the highlights were bottled gas (3.55%), from the group of Housing (0.60%), and airfare (10.36%), from the group of Transportation (0.67%).

Another highlight in Transportation (0.67%) was the increase of 3.38% in the price of the liter of ethanol which, on its turn, took the price of gasoline to rise 0.80%, since it contains 27% of ethanol in its composition.

The highest regional index was registered in Goiânia (0.38%), where the price of the liter of gasoline rose 2.43% and that of ethanol, 3.86%. The lowest index was recorded in the metropolitan area of Curitiba (-0.26), pressed by the drop of 1.37% in food products.

In order to estimate the IPCA-15, the prices collected from September 15 to October 13 (reference) were compared with the ones in force from August 13 to September 14 (base).  The indicator refers to families with monthly income of 1 to 40 minimum wages and it encompasses the Metropolitan Areas of Rio de Janeiro, Porto Alegre, Belo Horizonte, Recife, São Paulo, Belém, Fortaleza, Salvador, Curitiba, and also Brasília and Goiânia. The methodology is the same as the one used for the IPCA; the difference lies in the period of price collection and in the geographic coverage.