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PeNSE 2015: 55.5% of students have already used alcohol nd 9.0% have tried illicit drugs

August 26, 2016 10h02 AM | Last Updated: September 13, 2021 04h25 PM

 

Of about 2.6 million students in the 9th grade of the primary school in 2015, 55.5% (1.5 million) had already drunk a dose of alcoholic beverages once, a percentage above that reported in 2012 (50.3% or 1.6 million). The proportion of those who tried illicit drugs rose from 7.3% (230.2 thousand) to 9.0% (236.8 thousand) in the same period. As to the current consumption of alcohol and illicit drugs, respectively, 23.8% (626.1 thousand) and 4.2% (110.5 thousand) of the students used these substances in the last 30 days before the survey. The percentage of students who had already tried cigarettes dropped from 19.6% in 2012 to 18.4% in 2015.

This is part of the information available in the National Survey of School Health (PeNSE) 2015. Most of the students (88.6%) were aged between 13 and 15 years, being 51.0% of them 14 years old. Boys represented 48.7% (1.28 million) and girls, 51.3% (1.35 million) of the sample. The public network concentrated 85.5% (2.3 million) of the students, whereas 14.5% (380.4 thousand) of them studied in the private network.

PeNSE pointed out that 27.5% of the students in the 9th grade had already had sexual initiation in 2015 (about 723.5 thousand). About 39% of them (280.7 thousand) did not use any condom in the first time and 33.8% (219.2 thousand) did not use it in the last sexual intercourse. Of the girls who had sexual relations, 9.0% of them reported to have gotten pregnant, more frequently among the students in the public network (9.4%) than with those in the private network (3.5%).

In 2015, about 105.2 thousand (4.0%) of the students in the 9th grade reported to have already been forced to have sexual intercourse. In 31.6% of the cases (about 33.3 thousand), the act was committed by a member of the family (father, mother, stepfather, stepmother or other relatives).

Nearly 195 thousand students of the 9th grade (7.4%) reported to have been bullied by schoolmates, either most of the time or always, in the 30 days before the survey. Among the students who felt humiliated anytime in the 30 days before the survey, the main reasons were physical appearance (15.6% or 30.4 thousand) and face appearance (10.9% or 21.2 thousand). On the other hand, about 520.9 thousand students (19.8%) reported to have already practiced bullying. Among the boys, this percentage was 24.2% and, among the girls, 15.6%.

The survey unveiled that 72.0% of the students were either happy or very happy with their physical appearance (1.9 million). Conversely, 18.3% (481.4 thousand) of the students of the 9th grade considered themselves either fat or very fat. While 11.6% of the boys were either unhappy or very unhappy with their physical appearance, twice the girls had this same feeling (23.3%). In addition, 7.0% of the students in the 9th grade (184.2 thousand) had induced vomit or taken laxatives in the last 30 days, as a way to either lose weight or avoid gaining weight. The percentage of students who completed 300 minutes or more of physical activities per week – considered physically active – changed from 30.1% in 2012 to 34.4% in 2015.

As in the previous editions (2009 and 2012), PeNSE 2015 included issues on socioeconomic aspects; family background; eating habits; practice of physical activity; trial and consumption of cigarettes, alcohol and other drugs; sexual and reproductive health; violence, safety and accidents; and use of health services, among other aspects.

PeNSE 2015 brings also results using a new sampling plan (sample 2), including information for every age or age group between 13 and 17 years, thus providing more comparability with international indicators. For this purpose, the scope of the classes selected in the primary school was expanded (from the 6th to the 9th grade) and the secondary school was included (from the 1st to the 3rd grade).

Both samples include data for Brazil and Major Regions. In addition to the data obtained for capitals – like in 2009 and 2012 –, the sample 1 of PeNSE 2015 – 9th grade of the primary school – also includes data for every Federation Unit. PeNSE´s questionnaire is applied directly to the student, with no intervention of an interviewer.

Click here here to access all the results of PeNSE 2015.

Percentage of students consuming alcohol rises from 50.3% to 55.5% in 3 years; girls more exposed

Between 2012 and 2015, the precocious introduction to alcohol use rose from 50.3% to 55.5%. Nevertheless, the current consumption – in the 30-day period before the survey – of alcoholic beverages dropped, changing from 26.1% in 2012 to 23.8% in 2015.

Both the introduction and the current consumption of alcoholic beverages were higher among the girls. The introduction indicator was 56.1% for girls and 54.8% for boys, and that of current consumption was 25.1% for girls and 22.5% for boys.

Concerning the students, 21.4% of them reported at least one episode of drunkenness in their lives, boys (21.7%) and girls (21.1%). Considering only the students who tried one dose of alcoholic beverage, the occurrence of drunkenness was of 38.5%.

Introduction to cigarettes by students of the 9th grade fell from 19.6% in 2012 to 18.4% in 2015. The current consumption of tobacco – in the 30-day period before the survey – was of 30.5% among the students who had already tried it (5.6% of the total number of students). Buying in stores and bars (25.8%) was the main form of acquisition.

Introduction to illicit drugs grows from 7.3% to 9.0% between 2012 and 2015

The percentage of students of the 9th grade who had already tried illicit drugs – marijuana, cocaine, crack, glue, lolo, perfume aerosol, ecstasy, etc. – increased from 7.3% in 2012 to 9.0% in 2015. The proportion among the boys was of 9.5% and, among the girls, of 8.5%. The use of drugs was more intense among the students in public schools (9.3%) than among those in private schools (6.8%).

The current consumption of illicit drugs – in the 30-day period before the survey – was reported by 4.2% of the students, being higher among the boys (4.7% versus 3.7% among the girls). When considering only the students who had already tried drugs, the current consumption was of about 46.6%.

The current consumption of marijuana was reported by 4.1% of the students in the 9th grade, being higher among the boys (4.8%) than among the girls (3.5%). Considering the students who had already tried illicit drugs at least once in their lives, the current consumption of marijuana was of 46.1%. In 2012, these percentages were of 2.5% for the total number of students and of 34.5% for those who had already tried illicit drugs.

Still considering the students who had already used illicit drugs, 5.5% reported the use of crack at least once in the last 30 days, which corresponded to 0.5% of the population of students in the 9th grade of primary school.

105 thousand students in 9th grade already had non-consensual sexual relation

4.0% of the students in the 9th grade, or about 105.2 thousand persons, reported that they had already been forced to a non-consensual sexual relation, being more frequent among the girls (4.3%) than among the boys (3.7%). As to the administration of schools, 4.4% was the percentage among the students in public schools and 2.0%, among those in private schools. Roraima (7.3%) registered the highest percentage.

As to the person who forced the sexual intercourse, the highest percentages reported were boyfriends/girlfriends or ex-boyfriends/ex-girlfriends (26.6%); a friend (21.8%); father, mother, stepfather or stepmother (11.9%) and other relatives (19.7%).

Early pregnancy hit 9.0% of girls who had sexual relations

In 2015, 27.5% of the students in the 9th grade had already sexual relations at least once in their lives, a percentage slightly lower than that recorded in 2012 (28.7%). The frequency of this indicator was of 36.0% for boys and of 19.5% for girls. As to the administration of schools, 29.7% of the students in public schools and 15.0% of those in private schools had already a sexual intercourse. Roraima was the state with the highest percentage of students who already had sexual relations (41.4%).

Of the students who already had sexual relations, 61.2% of them used condoms in the first time, being more used by the girls (68.7%) than by the boys (56.8%). When considering the last sexual intercourse, the percentage of students who used condoms increased to 66.2%, representing a drop in relation to 2012 (75.3%). Excluding condoms, 61.5% of the students used contraceptive pills as the contraceptive method.

Concerning the prevention of pregnancy, 79.2% of the students reported they received information at school, with a higher proportion among the girls (82.0%) than among the boys (76.3%). Even so, 9.0% of those who had sexual relations (23,678) reported that they had already become pregnant at least once, posting a significant difference among girls from public (9.4%) and private schools (3.5%).

195 thousand students in 9th grade have been bullied

Nearly 195 thousand students in the 9th grade (7.4%) reported to have been bullied by schoolmates in the 30-day period before the survey, feeling humiliated either most of the time or always. Among the students who felt humiliated anytime in the 30-day period before the survey, the main reasons were physical appearance (15.6%) and face appearance (10.9%).

On the other hand, about 520.9 thousand students (19.8%) reported to have already practiced bullying. Among the boys, this percentage was 24.2% and, among the girls, 15.6%.

One in five girls feels either fat or very fat

While 72.0% of the total number of students in the 9th grade were either happy or very happy with their physical appearance (1.9 million) – 77.9% among the boys and 66.6% among the girls –, 18.3% (481.4 thousand) considered themselves either fat or very fat. The proportion was higher among the girls (21.8% against 14.6% among the boys). Among the students who answered the survey, 25.6% of them desired to lose weight. Although 21.8% of the girls considered themselves either fat or very fat, the desire to lose weight hit 30.3% of them.

The South Region registered the highest proportion of girls in the 9th grade who wanted to lose weight (36.6%); among the Federation Units, the highest percentage was in Rio Grande do Sul (39.2%).

While 11.6% of the boys were either unhappy or very unhappy with their physical appearance, twice the girls had this same feeling (23.3%).

The survey pointed out that 7.0% of the students in the 9th grade (184.2 thousand) had induced vomit or taken laxatives in the last 30 days, as a way to either lose weight or avoid gaining weight. Among the boys, this proportion was of 6.5% and, among the girls, of 7.5%. This trend was inverted in some states of the North and Northeast, especially in Maranhão, where the proportion of the boys was of 10.2% and of the girls, 7.3%. In public schools, 7.2% of the students used this method to either lose or maintain weight, a proportion slightly above that of private schools (5.9%).

The attitude of taking medicines, formulas or any other product to lose weight, without medical supervision, was more common among the boys (6.8%) than among the girls (5.2%). Tocantins recorded the highest difference: 10.7% of boys and 5.2% of girls using this procedure.

If the intention is gaining either weight or muscle mass, the difference among the boys (8.6%) and the girls (5.6%) taking medicines, formulas or other products increased. Tocantins posted the highest proportion of boys using this procedure (14.2%).

14.5% of youngsters in 9th grade assaulted by adult in family

About 381.5 thousand students in the 9th grade (14.5%) reported to have been assaulted by an adult in their families in the 30-day period before the survey. Assaults were more frequent among the girls (15.1% against 13.8% among the boys) and among the students in public schools (14.8% against 13.0% in private schools). Pernambuco posted the highest percentage (18.0%).

Fights in which some persons used firearms involved 5.7% of the students in the 9th grade – about 150 thousand persons –, whereas those involving melee weapons hit 7.9% of the students. In both cases, the percentages were higher among the boys (7.9% and 10.6%, respectively) than among the girls (3.7% and 5.4%). Among the students in public schools, fights involving firearms were reported by 6.1% of the students (3.4% of the students in private schools) and melee weapons, by 8.4% (5.3% in private schools).

Insecurity in the route from home to school or within the school made 14.8% of the students in the 9th grade (389.4 thousand persons) miss school at least once in the 30 days before the survey. Among the students in public schools, this percentage reached 15.8%, whereas it hit 9.0% among those who studied in private institutions.

One in each three students in the 9th grade (852.4 thousand or 32.4%) had driven motor vehicles – cars, motorcycles, fast boats, boats – in the 30-day period before the survey. Most of these students were aged between 13 and 15 years. In 2012, this percentage was 27.1%. The proportion of boys (45.2%) was more than twice above that of girls (20.3%). The percentage among the students in public schools was higher (33.9%) than those in private schools (23.6%).

On the other hand, nearly 692 thousand students (26.3%) had been transported in vehicles, in the 30-day period before the survey, driven by drivers who had consumed alcoholic beverages. In 2012, this percentage was 22.9%. Furthermore, 33.6% of the students in the 9th grade either never or seldom used seat belts, either in the front or back seats. This percentage hit 47.0% in the state of Rio de Janeiro.

Percentage of students with mother with higher education rises from 8.9% to 13.3%

In 2015, 86.6% of the students in the 9th grade interviewed did not work at all, 12.2% worked and earned money for these jobs and 1.2% answered they worked and did not earn any money for these jobs.

The percentage of students whose mother had higher education rose from 8.9% in 2012 to 13.3% in 2015, whereas the percentage of mothers with either no education or incomplete primary school dropped from 34.5% to 24.8%. The schooling level of mothers was associated with the socioeconomic conditions of the families.

1 in 4 students in public schools misses classes without his/her parents´ knowledge

In regard to the family context of the students, 59.4% lived with their fathers and mothers and 30.6% lived with their mothers only, while 4.4% of the students lived with their fathers only. Those who lived neither with their mothers nor fathers added up to 5.7%. For 66.6% of the students, their parents worried with their problems and concerns, being this percentage higher for the boys (70.4%) than for the girls (62.9%).

The knowledge of the parents on what the students did during their spare time was higher among the girls (82.1%) than among the boys (78.6%), averaging 80.4%. The percentage of students who missed classes in the last 30 days without their parents´ knowledge was 23.4%, being more common in public schools (25.0%) than in private schools (13.9%).

60.7% of students eat beans at least 5 days a week

Concerning eating habits in 2015, the weekly consumption equal to or above five days of food indicating healthy meal among students hit 60.7% for beans, 37.7% for legumes and green vegetables and 32.7% for fresh fruits. For the food indicating non-healthy meal, the percentages hit 13.7% for snacks, 41.6% for treats – candies, drops, chocolates, etc. –, 26.7% for soft drinks and 31.3% for highly-processed snacks – hamburgers, sausages, etc.

Although 77.3% of the students had access to the meal provided by their schools in 2015, only 38.5% of them reported its consumption. This habit is less frequent among the girls (36.2%) than among the boys (41.0%). In public schools, 86.6% of the students reported the provision of school meals, but only 38.1% of them consumed those meals. In the private network, the proportion of provision (22.6%) was lower, but the percentage of consumption was higher (48.9%).

Percentage of physically-active students grows from 30.1% in 2012 to 34.4% in 2015

In regard to the practice of physical activity, most of the students in the 9th year (60.8%) were classified as insufficiently active – they had from 1 to 299 minutes of physical activity per week –, 34.4% were active – they completed 300 minutes or more of physical activity in one week – and 4.8% were considered inactive – did not practice any physical activity in that period. In 2012, those classified as active represented 30.1%. The survey took into account the journey from home to school and from school to home, the classes of physical education at school and other physical activities out of school.

This indicator pointed out differences by sex. While nearly 44.0% of the boys reported to practice 300 minutes or more of physical activity per week, this percentage was slightly above 25.0% for girls.

On the other hand, the percentage of students who did not have any class of physical education during the week before the survey dropped, changing from 18.3% in 2012 to 14.0% in 2015. In 2012, 38.6% of the students reported to have two or more days of classes of physical education during the week before the survey, having changed to 48.4% in 2015. The occurrence of classes of physical education in two or more days per week was higher among the students in the public network (50.0%), when compared with those in the private network (39.4%).

The survey pointed out a drop in the percentage of students who used to watch TV more than two hours during the business days: from 78% in 2012 to about 60% in 2015. Such habit is more common among the girls (61.3%) than among the boys (58.1%). It is also more frequent among the students in the public schools (61.2%) than among those in the private network (51.5%).

Furthermore, 56.1% of the students spent more than three hours sitting, not only watching TV, but also performing other activities like using computers and playing video games.

Sample 2: 17.0% of students between 16 and 17 years already tried illicit drugs

Starting from 9.1% in the age bracket between 13 and 15 years, trial of illicit drugs reached about 17.0% of the students between 16 and 17 years, nearly the double. 2.6% of the students between 16 and 17 years tried even before completing 14 years of age. The current consumption of illicit drugs also increased with the age, changing from 4.2% in the age bracket between 13 and 15 years to 7.4% between 16 and 17 years.

The current consumption of alcoholic beverages differed in the two age brackets, being slightly more than 24.0% among the teenagers between 13 and 15 years and nearly 37.8% in the group between 16 and 17 years. About 37.2% of the students between 16 and 17 years already suffered episodes of drunkenness.

10.0% of the students between 16 and 17 years tried cigarettes before completing 14 years of age. About 8.4% of them smoked at least once in the 30 days before the survey.

More than half students between 16 and 17 years already had sexual initiation

The percentage of the students who already had sexual initiation increased with the age, being 27.0% in the group between 13 and 15 years and 54.7% among those between 16 and 17 years. Among the boys, 34.5% of the students between 13 and 15 years have already had sexual relations at least once, whereas the percentage among the girls in this age bracket was 19.3%. In the age bracket between 16 and 17 years, 59.9% of the boys have already had sexual relations and 49.7% of the girls.

Among the students between 13 and 15 years who had already started their sexual lives, 59.7% of them used condoms in the first relation. The percentage was 68.2% in the group between 16 and 17 years. On the other hand, 60.3% of the students in the group between 13 and 15 years used condoms in the last sexual intercourse, whereas 65.6% of those in the group between 16 and 17 years protected themselves.

As to the contraceptive method and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases in the last relation, 69.5% of the students between 16 and 17 years used some method to protect themselves. The younger were the least protected (59.6%).

Students between 13 and 15 years more bullied than those between 16 and 17 years

Boys aged between 13 and 15 years (8.4%) and between 16 and 17 years (4.9%) were those who mostly reported to be humiliated due to bullying from schoolmates, either most of the time or always. Still in the context of violence, 4.7% of the students between 13 and 15 years and 4.5% of those between 16 and 17 years reported to have been forced to have sexual relations. The difference between sexes is higher in the age bracket between 13 and 15 years, being 5.2% for the male sex and 4.3% for the female sex.

The indicators pointed out that 14.7% of the students between 13 and 15 years were physically assaulted by an adult in their families in the 30-day period before the survey. 17.3% reported that they suffered physical assault at least once in the 12 months before the survey, being 18.5% of male students and 16.0% of female students in the age bracket between 13 and 15 years. Students aged between 13 and 15 years (23.3%) were those mostly involved in fights and/or struggles in the last 12 months. In this age bracket, 30.2% were male students and 16.2%, female students.

The students aged between 13 and 15 years were those who expressed the highest perception of insecurity. In this age bracket, the percentage of absenteeism due to insecurity in the home-school-home route was 13.5%. The percentage was 12.4% for those in the age bracket between 16 and 17 years. The percentage of absenteeism due to insecurity at school was 11.4% for the students between 13 and 15 years and 8.1% for those between 16 and 17 years.

In 2015, 29.8% of the students aged between 13 and 15 years and 33.7% of those between 16 and 17 years had driven motor vehicles in the last 30 days. The survey pointed out that 40.5% of the boys and 18.8% of the girls between 13 and 15 years had driven motor vehicles, whereas the percentage among the boys was 49.0% against 18.8% for the girls for those between 16 and 17 years.

The percentage of students who rode motor vehicles whose driver had drunk alcoholic beverages was 25.4% for the students in both age brackets. Boys reported this situation the most, being 27.0% for the group between 13 and 15 years and 26.5% for the group between 16 and 17 years.

30.2% of the girls between 13 and 15 years try to lose weight in 2015

The highest proportions of students who tried to lose weight were found among the girls, hitting, respectively, 30.2% and 32.6% in the groups between 13 and 15 years and between 16 and 17 years, against 21.3% and 17.6% among the boys.

The highest percentages of students who tried to gain weight or muscle mass were among the boys: 17.9% between 13 and 15 years and 22.6% in the age bracket between 16 and 17 years, against 13.6% and 16.7% for the girls in the same age brackets.

More than 70.0% of the teenagers between 13 and 17 years were either happy or very happy with their own bodies (70.2%), changing from 66.6% in the group between 16 and 17 years up to 72.4% for the students aged between 13 and 15 years. The proportions were lower among the girls (61.1% and 66.5%, respectively) when compared with the boys (72.3% and 78.1%), in both age brackets.

One in each 4 teenagers between 13 and 15 years overweight in 2015

About 23.7% of the students between 13 and 17 years were either overweight (15.9%) or obese (7.8%) in 2015, which corresponded to nearly 3.1 million youngsters. In the total population, 8.3% of the boys and 7.3% of the girls were considered obese.

Overweight was more frequent in the group of students aged between 13 and 15 years (25.1%) than among those aged between 16 and 17 years (21.4%). Overweight was higher among the students aged between 13 and 17 years in private schools (28.4% against 23.0% in public schools). The same happened with obesity, registering a frequency of 9.3% for the teenagers in private schools and 7.6% in public schools.