The Extended National Consumer Price Index - IPCA of September changed by 0.54%, reaching 0.32 percentage points (p.p.) and was above the rate of 0.22% recorded in August. With a cumulative result of 7.64% in the year, above the 4.61% recorded in the same period in 2014, IPCA has reached its highest cumulative result in the period from January to September since 2003, when it had recorded 8.05%. Considering the last twelve months, the index was 9.49%, a little below that of the previous twelve months (9.53%). In September 2014, IPCA had reached 0.57%. Click here to see the complete publication.

In the group Housing, it is also worth to highlight the change of 1.48% in water and sewage fees, considering the increases that occurred in the rates of the following areas: 

• Curitiba – an increase of 7.00%, reflecting the rise of 8.00% in force since September 1st;
• São Paulo – an increase of 3.23%, showing a lesser intensity of the effect of Water Consumption Reduction Incentive Program;
• Vitória – an increase of 3.09%, a reflection of the 10.69% rise since August 8;
• Rio de Janeiro - an increase of 0.63%, complementing the rise of 9.98%, in force since August 1st.

  Still in terms of Housing, residential rent (0.59%), condominium fees (0.45%) and electricity (0.28%), significant items in the consumption, have exerted pressure on the index. In electricity, the change of 0.28% is partly explained by Brasília, where the bills have increased by 11.70%, due to the readjustment of 18.26% in the rates in force since August 26. In Goiânia, the increase of 2.61% reflected part of the 6.71% rise of September 12. In the other areas, the results varied due to the PIS/COFINS, beyond the 18% reduction in the value of the red flag, which went from R$ 5.50 to R$ 4.50, per each 100 kilowatt-hours (KWh) consumed, since September 1st.

  It is observed that, in contrast with the previous month, when the change was -0.27%, Transportationrose to 0.71%. That is due to of airfare, which in September increased by 23.13%. Other highlighted items in the group are:

• Voluntary car insurance:: 2,04%
• Car repair: 0,99%
• Parts and pieces: 0,90%
• Used cars: 0,82%
• Intercity buses: 0,57%

In terms of urban bus fares, an item that corresponds to 2.59% of the household expenditure, the change was 0.10%. This result was influenced by Brasília, whose increase was of 8.33%, considering the rise of 33.34% in force since September 20. In Belo Horizonte, there was a drop of 0.90%, since the 9.68% readjustment of August 8 was revoked on September 17, following the injuction granted on September 14.Regarding intercity buses, the change of 0.57% was due to the increase of 6.19% in Porto Alegre, reflecting the increase of 10.00%, in force since September 16 and in Goiânia (2.38%), which has incorporated the rest of the readjustment of 7.14%, in force since August 1st.

The groups Wearing apparel (0.50%) and Health and personal care (0.55%) had similar results, with a highlight, in the first group, to footwear, with hike of 0.78% and, in the second, health insurance, with 1.06%.

Just as Wearing apparel (0.50%), the other groups had changes lower than the rate of 0.54% registered in the August’s IPCA-result, Communication (0.01%) being the lowest.

As for Food, there was an increase of 0.24%. The prices of food at home showed a minor fall, of -0.05%. Food away from home increased 0.77%. Between highs and lows, the highlight is potatoes, 7.26% more expensive, and onions, which were 18.85% cheaper, from August to September. In the following table are the main products that became more expensive. 

The following table shows food that became cheaper:

Among the regional indexes, Brasília recorded the highest figure (1.25%), due to hike of 11.70% in electricity bills, reflecting the readjustment of 18.26% in the fares in force since 26 August. The result of 22.83% of airfare also influenced the monthly index, coupled with the hike of 8.33% in the urban bus item, whose fares were readjusted by 33.34%, since 20 September. The lowest index was recorded in Campo Grande (-0.28%), where electricity dropped by 6.80%, due to the reduction in the PINS/CONFINS shares. There was also a drop in fuel prices (-3.20). The liter of gasoline became 3.23% cheaper and the liter of ethanol, 7.97%. See below the table of monthly results by area surveyed.

The IPCA has been calculated by IBGE since 1980. It refers to families with monthly income of one to 40 minimum wages, whatever the source. It encompasses ten metropolitan areas in Brazil, besides the municipalities of Goiânia, Campo Grande and Brasília. In order to estimate the index of the month, the prices collected from August 28 to September 28 of 2014 (reference) were compared with the prices in force from July 30 to August 27 of 2014 (base).

INPC changes 0.51% in September 

The National Consumer Price Index (INPC) changed 0.51% in September, 0.26 p.p., above August´s figure (0.25%). As a result, the cumulative index of the year closed at 8.24%, well above the rate of 4.62% relative to the same period of 2014. Considering the last twelve months, the index stood at 9.90%, close to the 9.88% result corresponding to the prior twelve-month-period. The INCP was 0.49% in September 2014.

Food products changed 0.16% in September, whereas the August´s rate was -0.04%. The group of non-food products changed 0.66% in August, well below the rate of 0.38% of August.

Among the regional indexes, Brasília recorded the highest figure (1.41%), mainly due to the hike of 11.71% in the fares of electricity, which reflected the readjustment of 18.26% in the rates in force since August 26, besides the increase of 8.33% in the urban bus item, with average readjustment of 33.34% on September 20. The lowest index was recorded in Campo Grande             (-0.18%), where electricity showed a drop of 6.61% due to the reduction in the shares of PIS/COFINS. There was also a decrease in the fuel price (-3.54%). The liter of gasoline became 3.23% cheaper and the liter of ethanol, 7.97%. See below the table of monthly results by area surveyed.

The INPC has been calculated by IBGE since 1979. It refers to families with monthly income of one to five minimum wages, with a salaried head of the family, and it encompasses ten metropolitan areas in Brazil, besides the municipalities of Goiânia, Campo Grande and Brasília. In order to estimate the index of the month, the prices collected from August 28 to September 28 of 2014 (reference) were compared with the prices in force from July 30 to August 27 of 2014 (base).