The value of forestry production reached R$ 20.8 billion, in 2014. Silviculture production (obtained in managed forests) contributed with 77.7% (R$ 16.1 billion), whereas wild crop harvesting (harvest or collection of products in the woods or in native forests) participated with 22.3% (R$ 4.6 billion).

In silviculture, the value of the production of wood products achieved R$ 15.9 billion and non-wood products, R$ 216 million. Concerning wild crop harvesting, the production value of wood products reached R$ 3.2 billion an non-wood products added up to R$ 1.4 billion, with a highlight to food products, which represented 69.9% of the total value obtained, followed by waxes (12.4%), oilseeds (9.9%) and fibers (7.2%). Among non-wood products of wild crops, the highlights were acai berry (R$ 422.0 million), native yerba mate (R$ 403.1 million) and carnauba powder (R$ 148.1 million).

These are some of the highlights on Forestry Activities (PEVS) 2014. The survey also shows that out of a 146.5 million m3 of logwood, 90.6% came from silviculture (managed forests) and just 9.4% from wild crop harvesting. However, the quantity of logwood from wild crop harvesting increased 1.8%, between 2013 and 2014.

The 2014 edition of PEVS also puts out unprecedented data on the planted area of eucalyptus, pinus and other species, which occupied, in 2014, 9.4 million hectares, of which 3.8 million were in the South Region.

All information on 2014 PEVS, which contains data of 36 products of the wild crop harvesting and seven of silviculture, for all Brazilian municipalities, is available here.

In 2014, 21 products from wild crop harvesting and three silviculture products recorded decrease in production, whereas 15 products from wild crop harvesting and silviculture recorded increase.

Out of the 146.5 million m³ of logwood produced, 90.6% came from planted forests and only 9.4% from wild crop harvesting. The output of logwood, for the production of pulp and paper amounted to 60.9% of the total produced by silviculture. The production of charcoal was 7.2 million metric tons, among which 85.9% were produced by silviculture and 14.1% by wild crop harvesting. Regarding firewood, wild crop harvesting represented 34.0% in a total 85.0 million metric tons, versus 66.0% of silviculture.

Wood products of wild crop harvesting which recorded increase in the produced amount were charcoal (1.4%) and logwood (1.8%). The other products recorded decrease: firewood (-6.6%), pine knot (-10.9%), as well as the number of felled araucaria trees (-24.8%). Most of the non-wood wild crop harvesting was concentrated in the North Region. The main highlights in this case were assai (93.0%) and Brazil nut (95.9%), and in the Northeast, the region which concentrated the major output of babassu nuts (99.7%), piassava fibers (95.3%) and carnauba powder (100.0%). In the South Region, the highlights were yerba mate (99.9%), which recorded the biggest absolute increase among mining and quarrying industry and pine nut (86.7%).

In terms of silviculture, the Southeast was the main producer of charcoal (86.4%) and of logwood for paper and cellulose (36.2%). The South accounted for 61.4% of the firewood and for 64.1% of the logwood for other purposes. The non-wood production from silviculture, which is also concentrated in the Southeast and in the South Regions, recorded increase in the obtained amount of resin (0.2%) and decrease of output of black wattle bark (-3.8%) and eucalyptus leaves (-56.6%). 

Output of non-wood products from wild crop harvesting: assai decreases and yerba mate increases

The production of assai fell by 2.0%, having decreased from 202.2 thousand metric tons to 198.1 thousand metric tons. Pará accounted for 54.0% of the national production of assai obtained from wild crop harvesting, followed by Amazonas (33.6%), Maranhão (7.0%), Acre (2.0%), Amapá (1.1%), Rondônia and Roraima (0.9%). It is important to highlight that is not the overall assai production, once the harvesting of this product has increased and the survey only deals with the amount of assai from wild crop harvesting. The main producer is no longer the same: Limoeiro do Ajuru (PA) reached the first position, replacing Codajás (AM), which fell to the second position, followed by Oeiras (PA). The 20 main producing municipalities concentrate 70.2% of the national output.

The production of yerba mate presented, in 2014, for the second year in a row, the biggest increase among wild crop harvesting products, in absolute figures, 32.9 thousand metric tons more (11.0%), reaching 333.0 thousand metric tons. Native yerba mate occurs in only four Federation Units, being Paraná the main producer, accounting for 86.3% of the national production. Santa Catarina (7.6%) and Rio Grande do Sul (6.1%) complete the list of main producers. Among the 20 biggest producing municipalities, only two are from Rio Grande do Sul: Fontoura Xavier and São José do Herval. The other areas are in Paraná, being São Mateus do Sul, Cruz Machado and Bituruna the main producers.

The output of Brazil nut, in 2014, was 37.5 thousand metric tons, representing decrease of 2.1% in relation to that obtained in 2013. Acre (13.7 thousand metric tons) was the main producer, followed by Amazonas (12.9 thousand metric tons), Pará (6.9 thousand metric tons), Rondônia (1.9 thousand metric tons) and Mato Grosso (1.5 thousand metric tons). The main producer was Brasileia, in Acre (3,492 metric tons). Among the 20 biggest producing municipalities, seven are located in Acre; nine, in Amazonas; three, in Pará; and one, in Rondônia. Together, they accounted for 67.1% of the national output.

Piauí is the main producer of carnaúba powder; and Maranhão, of babaçu nut

The main producer of carnauba powder was Piauí, responsible for 64.6% of the national output, amounting to 18.7 thousand metric tons, with increase of 2.5% in relation to 2013. Ceará (32.0%), Maranhão (2.8%) and Rio Grande do Norte (0.6%) also contributed to this output. The main producer was Granja, in Ceará (1,1150 metric tons). In the ranking of the 20 biggest producing municipalities, 15 are located in Piauí; four, in Ceará; and one, in Maranhão. Together, they accounted for 52.3% of the national output in 2014.

The total output of babassu nuts recorded decrease of 6.5% when compared to that of 2013. The output of 83.9 thousand metric tons was mainly observed in Maranhão, which concentrated 94.5 of the national total and in Piauí (4.5%). The 20 biggest producing municipalities were located in Maranhão (57.4% of the national output). The main producers were Pedreiras, Vargem Grande and Poção de Pedras.

The national output of piassava fiber presented a small increase of 2.6% in relation to the previous year, recording a total 45.8 thousand metric tons in 2014. Bahia was the main producer, with 43.6 thousand metric tons, which represents 95.2% of the national output. Among the 20 main municipal producers of piassava in the country, 17 are municipalities in Bahia, and three, in Amazonas. Together, they accounted for 99.8% of the national output, the main highlights being Ilhéus, Nilo Peçanha, Cairu and Ituberá in Bahia, and Barcelos, Santa Isabel do Rio Negro and São Gabriel da Cachoeira in Amazonas.

Wood products from wild crop harvesting: Piauí is the main producer of carnauba powder; and Maranhão, of babassu nut

With a total 1.0 million metric tons, the production of charcoal from wild crop harvesting, in the year 2014, recorded increase of 1.4% in relation to 2013. The main producers were Maranhão (282.6 thousand metric tons), Mato Grosso do Sul (172.3 thousand metric tons), Piauí (145.8 thousand metric tons), Tocantins (106.7 thousand metric tons) and Bahia (101.7 thousand metric tons). The main output from municipalities came from Grajaú and Buriti Bravo (MA); Jerumenha (PI); Aquidauana and Ribas do Rio Pardo (MS); and Baianópolis (BA).

The 13.8 million cubic meters of logwood from native woods produced in 2014 represented an increase of 1.8% in relation to that obtained in the previous year. The main producers were Pará (4.6 million m³), Rondônia (3.8 million m³), Bahia (1.5 million m³) and Mato Grosso (1.3 million m³), contributing with 80.7% to the total obtained in the country. The main producing municipalities were Porto Velho (1.5 million m³), in Rondônia, Portel (1.1 million m³), in Pará, and Itagimirim (467.6 thousand m³), in Bahia. The 20 biggest producers accounted for 49.6% of the national production.

In 2014, the production of firewood from wild crop harvesting was 28.9 thousand m³, representing decrease of 6.6% in relation to 2013. Bahia had the biggest production (5.4 million m³), followed by Ceará (3.5 million m³), Maranhão (2.5 million m³), Pará (2.4 million m³) and Pernambuco (2.0 million m³). Together, these states produced 54.3% of the national total. In Bahia, Xique Xique accounted for the biggest municipal output; in Ceará, it was Santa Quitéria; in Maranhão, Loreto; in Pará, Baião; and in Pernambuco, Santa Cruz. The 20 biggest producing municipalities accounted for 15.0% of the total produced.

Wood products from silviculture: Minas is the main charcoal producer

The production of charcoal from silviculture, in 2014, was 6.2 million metric tons, which represents an increase of 11.4% when compared to the figure in the previous year. Minas Gerais remained as the main producer (83.6%), followed by Maranhão, Mato Grosso do Sul and Bahia. Together, they accounted for 67.1% of the national output. Almost all the output came from the planting of eucalyptus (98.8%). Among the 20 main municipal producers, except two in Maranhão (Bom Jardim and Açailândia) and one from Mato Grosso do Sul (Ribas do Rio Pardo), all the municipalities are in Minas Gerais, where the highlights are João Pinheiro and Itamarandiba. The participants of this ranking accounted for 49.3% of the total obtained in 2014.

The production of firewood from silviculture recorded increase of 1.6% in relation to the output of 2013. The South (61.0%) and Southeast Regions (24.1%) accounted for the biggest contributions to the total 56.2 million m³ registered in the survey, being 48.6 million m³ of eucalyptus, 3.7 million of pinus and 3.9 million m³ of other species. Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Minas Gerais and São Paulo were the main producers. Rio Verde (Goiás) and Butiá (Rio Grande do Sul) were highlights in the ranking of 20 biggest municipal producers, accounting for 15.0% of the national output.

The five main producers of logwood for pulp and paper, in 2004, were São Paulo (16.7 million m³), Bahia (12.3 million m³), Paraná (10.6 million m³), Pará (9.3 million m³) and Mato Grosso do Sul (8.3 million m³) which, together, accounted for 70.8% of the national output, of 80.9 million m³, 11.4% bigger than in 2013. Considering the wood used for the production of pulp and paper, 83.6% is composed of eucalyptus. The main producing municipalities were Almeirim (PA); três Lagoas (MS); and Telêmaco Borba (PR). The 20 biggest producing municipalities accounted for 40.5% of the total amount produced in the country.

The production of logwood for other purposes (for example, furniture) was 51.9 million m³ in 2014, meaning a decrease of 11.0% in relation to 2013. From this total, 53.1% were eucalyptus wood, 44.6%, pinus, and 2.3%, other species. The South Region was the main producer, followed by the Southeast, Central West, North and Northeast. The biggest outputs were those of Paraná, São Paulo, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo. Together, these states accounted for 94.8% of the country overall. The first three in the ranking of main municipal producers were General Carneiro, Jaguariaíva and Telêmaco Borba, all of them in Paraná state. The 20 biggest producers recorded 32.2% of the total obtained in 2014.

Non-wood production in silviculturb: Black wattle bark and eucalyptus leaves face decrease in production

All the municipalities which produce black wattle bark are located in Rio Grande do Sul. The output obtained in 2014 was 70 thousand metric tons, representing a decrease of 3.9% in relation to 2013. The three main producers were Piratini, Brochier and Salvador do Sul. Together, the 20 biggest producers account for 87.3% of the output.

Only 18 municipalities were responsible for the national production of eucalyptus leaves, which, in 2014, was 24.6 thousand metric tons, representing decrease of 56.6%, due to the interruption of this activity in some companies, in the year, and also to the replacement of the eucalyptus leaf for the extraction of other raw material. This output was obtained in the municipalities of São João do Paraíso, Ninheira and Berizal, in Minas Gerais; Ubirajara, Guaimbê, Torrinha, Dois Córregos, Mineiros do Tietê, Bauru, São Pedro, Bariri, Santa Maria da Serra, Bocaina and Brotas, in São Paulo, Três Lagoas and Água Clara, in Mato Grosso do Sul; and Braganey and Corbélia, in Paraná.  

The production of resin presented, in 2014, increase of 0.2% in relation to 2013. From the total 72 thousand metric tons produced, São Paulo accounted for 57.4%, followed by Rio Grande do Sul (19.6%) and Minas Gerais (13.6%). The three main producing municipalities were Itapirapuã Paulista (SP), Santa Vitória do Palmar (RS) and Paranapanema (SP). The 20 biggest municipal producers accounted for 85.8% of the national output.

Eucalyptus, pinus and other species covered 9.4 million hectares in 2014

For the first time, PEVS calculated the area used by silviculture (eucalyptus, pinus and other species), which reached 9.4 million hectares (ha) in 2014. From this total, about 7.0 million ha were planted with eucalyptus, 2.0 million, with pinus, and the remainder, with other species. The South Region held the biggest planted area (3.8 million ha), being 1.7 million ha with eucalyptus, 1.9% with pinus and 170 thousand with other species. Paraná had the biggest area, followed by Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina. The Southeast, the second in the ranking, had a planted area of 3.0 million ha, being 2.9 million ha with eucalyptus, 179 thousand with pinus and 4 thousand with other species. The state of Minas Gerais was a highlight, followed by São Paulo, Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro. The Central West was in the third position, with 1.3 million ha planted, followed by the Northeast (800.4 thousand ha) and by the North region (447.6 thousand ha).