In August, the production of cereals, legumes and oilseeds estimated for 2025 should total 341.2 million tonnes, 16.6% higher than that obtained in 2024 (292.7 million tonnes), with an increase of 48.5 million tonnes, and 0.2% above that reported in July, with an increase of 773.6 thousand tonnes.

The area to be harvested is 81.3 million hectares, a growth of 2.8% compared to the area harvested in 2024, with an increase of 2.2 million hectares, and an increase of 0.1% (82.7 thousand hectares) compared to July.

Rice, corn, and soybeans are the three main products in this group, which together account for 92.6% of the estimated production and account for 88.0% of the area to be harvested. Compared to the previous year, there were increases of 5.1% in the area to be harvested for upland cotton (seed); 11.2% for paddy rice; 3.5% for soybeans; 3.6% for corn (a 5.4% decline for first-crop corn and a 6.2% increase for second-crop corn); and 11.2% for sorghum; with declines of 6.6% for beans and 18.5% for wheat.

In relation to production, there were increases of 6.6% for upland cotton (seed); 17.2% for paddy rice; 14.5% for soybeans; 20.3% for corn (growth of 13.7% for 1st crop corn and 22.0% for 2nd crop corn); 24.7% for sorghum; and 2.6% for wheat, and for beans there was a decrease of 0.5%.

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The August estimate for soybeans was 165.9 million tonnes. Corn production was estimated at 138.0 million tonnes (26.0 million tonnes of corn in the first crop and 112.0 million tonnes of corn in the second crop). Paddy rice production was estimated at 12.4 million tonnes; wheat at 7.7 million tonnes; upland cotton (seed) at 9.5 million tonnes; and sorghum at 5.0 million tonnes.

The estimated production of cereals, legumes, and oilseeds showed positive annual growth for the Central-West (21.3%), South (9.4%), Southeast (16.6%), Northeast (8.6%), and North (21.0%) Regions. Monthly production growth was seen in the North (3.1%) and South (0.4%) Regions. The Central-West (0.0%) Region remained stable, while the Northeast (-0.4%) and Southeast (-0.2%) Regions declined.

Mato Grosso leads as the largest national grain producer, with a 32.4% share, followed by Paraná (13.5%), Goiás (11.3%), Rio Grande do Sul (9.5%), Mato Grosso do Sul (7.4%), and Minas Gerais (5.5%), which together accounted for 79.6% of the total. Regional shares are distributed as follows: Central-West (51.4%), South (25.1%), Southeast (8.8%), Northeast (8.2%), and North (6.5%).

Highlights of the August 2025 estimate compared to the previous month

Compared to July, there were increases in the production estimates for barley (1.5% or 8,100 t), sorghum (0.9% or 42,408 t), second-crop corn (0.5% or 544,173 t), third-crop beans (0.4% or 3,552 t), wheat (0.4% or 27,696 t), soybeans (0.2% or 355,989 t), and oats (0.1% or 1,370 t), as well as declines for first-crop beans (-2.2% or -23,835 t), second-crop beans (-0.5% or -6,711 t), and first-crop corn (-0.4% or -101,219 t).

Among the Major Regions, the production volume of cereals, legumes, and oilseeds was distributed as follows: Central-West, 175.4 million tonnes (51.4%); South, 85.7 million tonnes (25.1%); Southeast, 30.1 million tonnes (8.8%), Northeast, 28.0 million tonnes (8.2%), and North, 22.0 million tonnes (6.5%).

The main positive absolute changes in production estimates, compared to the previous month, occurred in Pará (351,544 tonnes), Paraná (317,500 tonnes), Tocantins (186,964 tonnes), Rondônia (126,337 tonnes), and Amazonas (16 tonnes). Negative changes occurred in Minas Gerais (-62,524 t), Ceará (-61,953 t), Goiás (-33,633 t), Maranhão (-21,938 t), Pernambuco (-11,677 t), Alagoas (-9,021 t), Rio Grande do Norte (-7,761 t), Rio de Janeiro (-205 t), and Acre (-53 t).

COFFEE (beans) - Brazilian production, considering both species, Arabica and Canephora, was estimated at 3.4 million tonnes, or 56.8 million 60-kg bags, a decrease of 1.4% compared to the previous month, due to a decline in average yield by the same percentage. For Arabica coffee, estimated production was 2.2 million tonnes or 37.0 million 60-kg bags, a 1.6% decrease compared to the previous month. Average yield decreased by 1.7% and the area to be harvested increased by 0.1%. For the 2025 crop, a negative biennial is expected, meaning a natural decline in production due to the physiological characteristics of the species, which tends to produce more in even-numbered years, sacrificing the following year's production due to greater plant exhaustion. The 2025 coffee crop is also reflecting weather problems in the main producing states, notably the lack of rainfall and excessive heat during the second half of 2024, which is why a relatively lower production potential was assumed.

The decline in the August production estimate is due to Minas Gerais, Brazil's largest producer of Arabica coffee, with a 69.4% share of the national total, which revised its production estimate to a 2.4% decline compared to the previous month, notably due to a 2.5% drop in average yield. Producers have reported that in recent crops, a larger quantity of beans is required to fill a 60 kg bag of coffee, resulting from less efficient bean filling. Minas Gerais production is expected to reach 1.5 million tonnes or 25.7 million 60-kg bags, a 7.5% decrease compared to the volume harvested in 2024.

For canephora coffee, the production estimate was 1.2 million tonnes or 19.8 million 60-kg bags, a 1.1% decrease compared to the previous month. However, it represents a 15.8% increase compared to the volume produced in 2024, with increases of 4.0% in the area to be harvested and 11.4% in average yield in the latter comparison. The estimated production for canephora coffee in 2025 is a record in the IBGE time series.

As conilon prices were showing good profitability, producers invested more in crop management and fertilization, which resulted in improved productivity. It is also worth noting that rainfall volumes in the main producing municipalities were generally satisfactory, despite delays in some cases.

In August, Rondônia reported an 8.9% decline in its production estimate compared to July, due to a 5.3% decrease in the area to be harvested and a 3.7% decrease in average yield. Production is expected to reach 160,900 tonnes or 2.7 million 60-kg bags, a 5.5% decrease compared to the volume harvested in 2024, with the area to be harvested increasing by 3.0% and the average yield decreasing by 8.3%. Espírito Santo maintained its estimate from the previous month, expected to produce 809,000 tonnes or 13.5 million 60-kg bags, a 20.8% increase compared to the previous year's volume, with increases of 4.5% in the area to be harvested and 15.7% in the average yield. Espírito Santo is the largest Brazilian producer of canephora (conilon) coffee, expected to contribute 68.2% of the total to be harvested in 2025. Bahia's production estimate is expected to reach 171,000 tonnes or 2.9 million 60-kg bags, an 18.0% increase compared to the previous year, with an average yield increase of 15.7% and an increase in the area to be harvested of 2.0%.

WINTER CEREALS (grain) – The main winter cereals produced in Brazil are wheat, white oats, and barley. For wheat (grain), estimated production reached 7.7 million tonnes, a 0.4% increase compared to the previous month and a 2.6% increase compared to 2024. Average yield, in the monthly comparison, increased by 0.8%, while the area to be harvested decreased by 0.4%. Compared to the previous year, the planted area and the area to be harvested declined by 18.6% and 18.5%, respectively, while yield increased by 26.0%.

Oat (grain) production was estimated at 1.3 million tonnes, an increase of 0.1% compared to the previous month and 27.4% compared to the volume harvested in 2024. The average yield, at 2,348 kg/ha, declined by 0.7% compared to the previous month, while the harvested area grew by 0.9%. Compared to the previous year, the average yield and area to be harvested are showing increases of 13.9% and 11.9%, respectively.

The largest producers of the cereal are Rio Grande do Sul, with 990,200 tonnes, a 22.4% increase compared to the volume harvested in 2024; and Paraná, with 231,600 tonnes, a 5.5% decrease compared to July and a 39.1% increase compared to 2024. The average yield shows a 33.8% increase compared to the previous year, and is expected to reach 2,342 kg/ha.

For barley (grain), estimated production was 557.4 thousand tonnes, an increase of 1.5% compared to the previous month and 33.9% compared to the volume produced in 2024. The planted area showed growth of 15.4%, while yield increased by 16.1% year-over-year. The largest barley producers are Paraná, with 439.8 thousand tonnes, an increase of 1.9% compared to July and 53.1% compared to 2024, and are expected to contribute 78.9% of the Brazilian crop in 2025; and Rio Grande do Sul, with a production of 95,000 tonnes, a 12.9% decline compared to the volume produced in 2024. Rio Grande do Sul's production is expected to represent 17.1% of the total barley produced in 2025.

BEANS (grain) – The estimated bean production, considering these three crops, is expected to reach 3.1 million tonnes, a 0.9% decline compared to July and a 0.5% decline compared to the volume produced in 2024. Regarding Major Regions, there was a decline in the estimated bean production in the Northeast (-4.9%), the Central-West (-0.6%), and the North (-0.2%), while the Southeast (-0.0%) and South (-0.0%) remained stable. This production is expected to meet Brazilian domestic consumption in 2025, eliminating the need for imports. Paraná is the largest national bean producer, forecasting a production of 861,600 tonnes or a 27.9% share, followed by Minas Gerais with 476,600 tonnes or a 15.4% share, and Goiás with 359,800 tonnes or an 11.7% share. Beans represent 0.9% of all cereal, legume, and oilseed production, occupying 3.3% of the total cultivated area, approximately 2.7 million hectares.

The estimate for the first bean crop was 1.0 million tonnes, representing a 33.8% national share among the three crops, 2.2% lower than the July survey. This comparison revealed declines of 1.6% in the harvested area and 0.6% in the average yield. The main declines in August, compared to the previous month, were observed in production estimates for Ceará (-15.3% or -14,364 t), Rio Grande do Norte (-9.6% or -731 t), Pernambuco (-19.3% or -2,632 t), and Goiás (-8.0% or -8,190 t). Production increases compared to the previous month were observed in Pará (5.6% or 293 t) and Paraná (0.5% or 1,800 t).

Bean second crop was estimated at 1.2 million tonnes, corresponding to 40.4% of and participation among the three crops. Compared to July, there was a 0.5% decline in the production estimate, explained by a 0.8% decrease in average yield and a 0.3% increase in the area to be harvested. Compared to the previous year's crop volume, the estimate is 10.8% lower in 2025, with a 9.3% decline in the estimated area to be harvested and a 1.6% decline in average yield.

In the Southern Region, Paraná is the largest Brazilian producer of beans for this crop, with an estimated 521,700 tonnes and a 41.9% share of the national total. Compared to the previous month, the production estimate shows a 0.4% decline due to a 2.5% reduction in productivity, while the area to be harvested grew by 2.1%. Compared to the volume harvested in 2024, Paraná's production is expected to decline 21.6%, reflecting the 22.2% drop in the area to be harvested, as the average yield shows a 0.8% increase.

Regarding third-crop bean, August production estimate was 797,0 thousand tonnes, a 0.4% increase compared to July, but a 1.6% decrease compared to 2024. Goiás production estimate was 254,200 tonnes, a 1.4% increase compared to the previous month and a 12.3% increase compared to the volume produced in this crop in 2024. The other states maintained their previous estimates. It should be noted that Goiás and Minas Gerais are the states that contribute the most to this bean crop, accounting for 31.9% and 18.8% (149,500 tonnes), respectively.

CORN (grain) - Corn production was estimated at 138.0 million tonnes, a record in the IBGE time series, with growth of 0.3% compared to the previous month and 20.3% compared to the volume produced in 2024. The area to be harvested increased by 0.1%, and the average yield grew by 0.3% month-on-month, expected to reach 6,239 kg/ha. In 2024, corn production was affected by weather problems in several producing states, recovering in 2025 due to the rainier weather, which benefited crops.

Corn first crop had an estimated production of 26.0 million tonnes, a decline of 0.4% compared to July and an increase of 13.7% against the volume produced at the same time in 2024. The harvested area, in the current crop, fell 5.4%, to 4.6 million hectares, while the yield grew 20.2%, to 5,888 kg/ha, due to the weather, which benefited crops in most producing Federation Units. There was growth in the estimate in all Regions of the Country: North (23.8%), Northeast (11.4%), Southeast (2.8%), South (21.6%) and Central-West (9.5%). The negative highlights in August were the declines in estimates for Tocantins (-1.6%), Ceará (-9.5%), Rio Grande do Norte (-34.3%), Pernambuco (-9.1%), Rio de Janeiro (-1.5%), and Goiás (-4.5%). Production estimates increased in Paraná (0.2%) and Pará (1.6%).

Corn second crop production increased by 0.5% compared to the previous month and by 22.0% compared to the volume produced at the same time in 2024, reaching 112.0 million tonnes, a record estimate in the IBGE's time series. Compared to July, there were increases of 0.2% in the area to be harvested and 0.3% in the average yield. Compared to the previous year, there was growth of 6.2% in the area to be harvested and 14.9% in the average yield. The weather favored second-crop crops, with greater rainfall, particularly in the Central-West region. Second-crop corn production in 2025 is a record in the IBGE's time series.

SOYBEAN (grain) – National production of the oilseed reached a new historical record in 2025, totaling 165.9 million tonnes, a 14.5% increase compared to the previous year. This survey showed few reviews compared to the previous month, with a 0.2% increase in production, representing 356,000 tonnes.

National production is estimated to increase by 10.5% in average annual yield, reaching 3,480 kg/ha (58 bags/ha), contributing to the harvested volume of this oilseed representing more than half of the total cereals, legumes, and oilseeds produced in the country in 2025. In turn, the total cultivated area is expected to reach 47.7 million hectares, representing a 2.9% increase in the year (1.3 million hectares), continuing its pace of full expansion, even with commodity prices, which fell in 2023 and 2024, remaining below producers' expectations.

SORGHUM (grain) – The August estimate for sorghum production was 5.0 million tonnes, an increase of 0.9% compared to July and 24.7% year-over-year. The average yield was 3,359 kg/ha, an increase of 0.6% over the previous month and 12.1% over that obtained in the 2024 crop. The higher average yield was the main reason for the positive performance in the period, although area expansion also occurred. The harvested area of ​​the product increased in both comparisons: 0.3% monthly and 11.2% annually. The area occupied by sorghum corresponds to 1.5 million hectares, 1.8% of the total occupied by cereal, legume, and oilseed production, or 1.5% in terms of the share of the quantity produced in this group.