In July, the production of cereals, legumes and oilseeds estimated for 2025 should total 340.5 million tonnes, 16.3% higher than that obtained in 2024 (292.7 million tonnes), with an increase of 47.7 million tonnes, and 2.1% above that reported in June, with an increase of 7.1 million tonnes.

Rice, corn, and soybeans, the three main crops, combined, represent 92.7% of the estimated production and account for 88.0% of the area to be harvested. Compared to 2024, there were increases of 5.6% in the area to be harvested for upland cotton (seed), 11.4% for paddy rice, 3.3% for soybeans, 3.5% for corn (a 4.9% decline for first-crop corn and a 5.9% increase for second-crop corn), and 10.9% for sorghum, with declines of 6.1% for beans and 18.2% for wheat.

In relation to production, there were increases of 7.1% for herbaceous cotton (seed), 17.7% for paddy rice, 0.4% for beans, 14.2% for soybeans, 19.9% for corn (growth of 14.1% for 1st corn crop and 21.4% for 2nd corn crop), 23.6% for sorghum, and 2.3% for wheat.

The July estimate for soybeans was 165.5 million tonnes. Corn production was estimated at 137.6 million tonnes (26.2 million tonnes of corn first crop and 111.4 million tonnes of corn second crop). Paddy rice production was estimated at 12.5 million tonnes; wheat at 7.7 million tonnes; upland cottonneseed at 9.5 million tonnes; and sorghum at 4.9 million tonnes.

The estimated production of cereals, legumes, and oilseeds showed positive annual growth for the Central-West (21.4%), South (9.0%), Southeast (16.9%), Northeast (9.0%), and North (17.3%) Regions. Regarding monthly growth, the North (1.9%), South (0.7%), Southeast (1.9%), and Central-West (3.3%) Regions showed growth, while the Northeast (-0.1%) showed decline.

Mato Grosso leads as the largest national grain producer, with a 32.4% share, followed by Paraná (13.4%), Goiás (11.4%), Rio Grande do Sul (9.5%), Mato Grosso do Sul (7.5%), and Minas Gerais (5.6%), which together accounted for 79.8% of the total. The distribution of the shares of the Brazilian Regions is as follows: Central-West (51.5%), South (25.1%), Southeast (8.9%), Northeast (8.2%), and North (6.3%).

Highlights of the July 2025 estimate compared to the previous month

Compared to June, there were increases in the production estimates for sorghum (13.5% or 585,211 tonnes), second-crop corn (5.7% or 6,020,682 tonnes), cashew nuts (4.0% or 5,605 tonnes), grapes (2.1% or 42,983 tonnes), oats (2.0% or 26,589 tonnes), upland cotton (1.6% or 154,083 tonnes), rice (1.5% or 185,508 tonnes), barley (0.6% or 3,339 tonnes), first-crop corn (0.6% or 156,042 tonnes), second-crop beans (0.3% or 3,503 tonnes), and soybeans (0.2% or 390 tonnes). 204 tonnes), as well as declines in first-crop beans (-6.7% or -76,488 tonnes), tomatoes (-6.7% or -318,774 tonnes), third-crop beans (-5.2% or -43,796 tonnes), and wheat (-3.4% or -275,018 tonnes).

Among the Major Regions, the production volume of cereals, legumes, and oilseeds was distributed as follows: Central-West, 175.4 million tonnes (51.5%); South, 85.4 million tonnes (25.1%); Southeast, 30.2 million tonnes (8.9%), Northeast, 28.1 million tonnes (8.2%), and North, 21.3 million tonnes (6.3%).

The main positive changes in production estimates, compared to the previous month, occurred in Mato Grosso (5,536,658 t), Minas Gerais (561,874 t), Paraná (479,700 t), Santa Catarina (245,226 t), Tocantins (242,795 t), Bahia (160,380 t), Rondônia (130,647 t), Goiás (29,289 t), Roraima (21,687 t), Maranhão (5,162 t), Mato Grosso do Sul (408 t), Acre (47 t) and Rio de Janeiro (7 t), while the negative variations occurred in Rio Grande do Sul (-101,540 t), Paraíba (-76,892 t), Ceará (-59,501 t), Piauí (-46,775 t), in Rio Grande do Norte (-12,701 t), in Sergipe (-6,490 t) and in Amazonas (-65 t).

UPLAND COTTON (seed) - The production estimate was 9.5 million tonnes. Compared to the previous month, there was a 1.6% increase in the production estimate. The production estimate is 7.1% higher than the 2024 production. For 2025, production is again record-breaking, mainly due to the increase in cultivated area, although weather conditions also favored the development of cotton crops, resulting in the 1.4% increase in average yield compared to 2024.

PADDY RICE  - The production estimate was 12.5 million tonnes, an increase of 1.5% compared to the previous month's estimate and 17.7% compared to the 2024 crop, with an 11.4% increase in the area to be harvested and a 5.7% increase in productivity. In Rio Grande do Sul, the production estimate increased 1.3% compared to the previous month, mainly due to higher productivity (1.0%). The 2024 rainfall increased the volume of dams and reservoirs, expanding irrigated rice areas (12.6%), as well as providing efficient irrigation and, consequently, increasing crop productivity (6.6%). The estimated production is 8.6 million tonnes, a 20.1% increase compared to the previous year's crop. Santa Catarina revised its monthly production estimates, showing a 6.7% increase due to higher expected productivity. Compared to 2024, production increased by 13.6%, due to higher productivity (13.1%). The state is the second-largest national producer, accounting for 10.2% of production. Paraná reduced its monthly production estimates by 3.8% due to the reassessment of crop productivity. However, compared to 2024, production is estimated to grow by 4.3%, driven by improved productivity driven by sunnier days.

CASHEW NUT (kernel) - The July estimate for cashew nut production was 146,700 tonnes, a 4.0% increase compared to June. Although the area to be harvested shows a 0.7% decrease, the average yield is growing by 4.5%, reaching 326 kg/ha. Year-over-year, however, production is expected to decline by 8.9%, mainly due to the lower average yield of the crop, which will decrease by the same percentage. In the monthly comparison with June, Ceará estimated a 9.0% increase in production, due to the reassessment of the average yield, which increased by 8.9%. Ceará's production accounts for 59.6% of the national total, followed by Piauí (19.7% of the total) and Rio Grande do Norte (13.6%). Ceará's estimated production reached 87,500 tonnes, Piauí's 28,800 tonnes, and Rio Grande do Norte's 19,900 tonnes.

WINTER CEREALS (grain) - The main winter cereals produced in Brazil are wheat, white oats, and barley. Wheat grain production is expected to reach 7.7 million tonnes, a 3.4% decline compared to the previous month and a 2.3% increase compared to 2024. Average yield, month-on-month, shows a 0.6% increase, while the area to be harvested shows a 4.0% decrease. Compared to the previous year, while the planted and harvested areas decline by 18.3% and 18.2%, respectively, yield increases by 25.0%. The Southern Region is expected to account for 85.8% of the country's wheat production.

In Rio Grande do Sul, the country's leading producer with 47.4% of the total, production is expected to reach 3.6 million tonnes, a 4.5% decline compared to June, due to the smaller cultivated area (-5.9%), and a 1.4% decline compared to the volume produced in 2024. Planted and harvested areas are expected to fall by 13.1%, while average yield is expected to grow by 13.4%. In Paraná, Brazil's second-largest wheat producer, with a 33.9% share of the total, production was estimated at 2.6 million tonnes, a 2.8% decline compared to the previous month and a 10.4% increase compared to the volume produced in 2024, when production was severely affected by weather problems. In this last comparison, planted area is down 27.3%, while average yield is expected to grow by 51.9%. Santa Catarina's production is expected to reach 347,300 tonnes, a 4.5% decrease compared to the previous month, due to the smaller planted area (-9.8%), as the productivity estimate shows a 6.0% increase. Compared to 2024, a decline of 18.5% is estimated, with the planted area and the area to be harvested decreasing by 19.4% compared to the previous year, and the average yield increasing by 1.1%, to 3,517 kg/ha.

Oat grain production was estimated at 1.3 million tonnes, an increase of 2.0% compared to the previous month and 27.3% compared to the volume harvested in 2024. The average yield, at 2,365 kg/ha, increased by 1.2% compared to the previous month, while the harvested area grew by 0.7%. Compared to the previous year, the average yield and the area to be harvested show increases of 14.8% and 10.9%, respectively.

The largest producers of the cereal are Rio Grande do Sul, with 990,200 tonnes, a 3.0% increase compared to the previous month and a 22.4% increase compared to the volume harvested in 2024, and Paraná, with 245,200 tonnes, a 1.1% decrease compared to June and a 47.3% increase compared to 2024. The average yield represents a 37.8% increase compared to the previous year, expected to reach 2,413 kg/ha. Santa Catarina's production is expected to reach 49,500 tons, a decrease of 0.7% compared to the previous month and 0.6% compared to 2024.

For barley (grain), production is estimated at 549,300 tonnes, an increase of 0.6% compared to the previous month and 32.0% compared to the volume produced in 2024. The largest barley producers are Paraná, with 431,700 tonnes, an increase of 2.1% compared to June and 50.3% compared to 2024, and are expected to account for 78.6% of the 2025 Brazilian harvest; and Rio Grande do Sul, with a production of 95,000 tonnes, a decrease of 6.7% compared to the previous month and a decrease of 12.9% compared to the volume produced in 2024. Rio Grande do Sul's production is expected to represent 17.3% of the total barley produced by the country in 2025.

BEANS (grain) - The estimated bean production for 2025, considering the three harvests, is expected to reach 3.1 million tonnes, a decrease of 3.6% compared to June and an increase of 0.4% compared to the 2024 harvest. This production is expected to meet Brazilian domestic consumption in 2025, eliminating the need for imports.

The estimated production for beans first crop was 1.1 million tons, representing 34.3% of the national share among the three crops, 6.7% lower than the June estimate. In this comparison, a 2.8% decline in the harvested area and a 4.1% increase in average yield were observed. Regarding Geographic Regions, there was a decrease in the bean production estimate in the Northeast (-22.5%), South (-0.2%) and Central-West (-0.5%); stability in the Southeast (0.0%); and growth in the North (2.0%). The main declines in July, compared to the previous month, were observed in the production estimates in Piauí (-14.2% or -5,617 t), Ceará (-13.1% or -14,148 t), Rio Grande do Norte (-39.6% or -4,983 t), Paraíba (-46.9% or -14,904 t) and Bahia (-29.2% or -35,600 t). There was an increase in the monthly production estimate in Tocantins (7.1%) and Amazonas (0.1%). The first crop is expected to account for 34.3% of the country's bean production in 2025. Beans second crop was estimated at 1.3 million tonnes, corresponding to a 40.2% share of the three crops. Compared to June, there was a 0.3% increase in the production estimate. Compared to the previous year's crop, the estimate is 10.3% lower in 2025, with a 9.5% decline in the estimated area to be harvested and a 0.9% decline in average yield. In the South Region, Paraná is Brazil's largest bean producer for this crop, with an estimated production of 523,800 tonnes and a 41.8% share of the national total. Compared to the previous month, the production estimate declined 0.5% due to a 0.4% reduction in productivity, while the area to be harvested decreased 0.2%. In the Central-West region, Mato Grosso raised its production estimate by 2.0% and should be able to harvest 162,400 tonnes, a 33.6% increase compared to the volume harvested in the same season in 2024, mainly due to the 32.9% increase in the area to be harvested. In Goiás, the production estimate increased 3.6%, expected to reach 12,100 tonnes, a 72.4% decrease compared to the previous year. Mato Grosso do Sul presented a 39.3% reduction in its monthly estimates, due to the decrease in the planted area (34.5%) and average yield (7.2%), and is expected to produce 9,900 tonnes. Regarding the beans third crop harvest, the July production estimate was 793.4 thousand tonnes, a decrease of 5.2% compared to June and 2.0% compared to 2024. The production estimate for Minas Gerais shows a decrease of 26.7%, or 54.3 thousand tonnes, compared to the previous month, due to the 11.4% decrease in the estimated area to be harvested and the 17.2% decrease in productivity. In the Central-West region, the production estimate shows growth of 2.2% in Mato Grosso, 2.4% in Goiás, and 99.2% in Mato Grosso do Sul, but insufficient to offset the production losses in Minas Gerais. The third crop is expected to account for 25.3% of the country's bean production in 2025. Goiás and Minas Gerais are the states that contribute the most to this bean crop, accounting for 31.6% (250,600 tonnes) and 18.8% (149,500 tonnes), respectively.

CORN (grain) - The estimated corn production totaled 137.6 million tonnes, a record in the IBGE time series, with growth of 4.7% compared to the previous month and 19.9% compared to the volume produced in 2024. The area to be harvested shows an increase of 0.3%, and the average yield grew by 4.4% month-on-month, expected to reach 6,223 kg/ha. In 2024, corn production was affected by weather problems in several producing states, recovering in 2025 due to the rainier weather that benefited most producing states.

First-crop corn production was estimated at 26.2 million tonnes, an increase of 0.6% compared to June and 14.1% compared to the volume produced at the same time in 2024. Planted area in the current crop fell 2.7% to 4.7 million hectares, while yield increased 20.0% due to the weather, which benefited crops in most producing states. Estimates increased in all regions of the country: North (22.8%), Northeast (12.5%), Southeast (2.8%), South (21.5%), and Central-West (13.0%). Highlights in July included increases in estimates for Mato Grosso (6.4%), Santa Catarina (3.1%), Paraná (0.9%), Bahia (11.0%), and Roraima (19.2%), while production decreased in Amazonas (-0.9%), Tocantins (-1.8%), Maranhão (-0.1%), Piauí (-2.4%), Ceará (-8.0%), Rio Grande do Norte (-27.3%), Paraíba (-52.8%), Rio Grande do Sul (-0.4%), and Mato Grosso do Sul (-0.7%).

The estimate for second-crop corn totaled 111.4 million tonnes, a production record. There was growth of 5.7% compared to the previous month and 21.4% compared to the volume produced at the same time in 2024. Compared to June, there were increases of 0.5% in the area to be harvested and 5.2% in the average yield. Compared to the previous year, there was growth of 5.9% in the area to be harvested and 14.6% in the average yield. Mato Grosso is the largest Brazilian producer of second-crop corn, accounting for 48.7% of the total. Production is expected to reach 54.3 million tons, an increase of 10.8% compared to the previous month and 14.3% compared to the volume harvested in 2024. Paraná is the second-largest Brazilian producer of second-crop corn, accounting for 15.3% of the total. Production is expected to reach 17.1 million tonnes, a 3.2% increase compared to June and a 35.9% increase compared to the previous year. In this comparison, the planted area and the area to be harvested are expected to grow by 9.4%, and the average yield by 24.2%. Goiás is the third-largest producer of second-crop corn, accounting for 13.0% of the national total. Production is expected to reach 14.5 million tonnes, a 0.3% decrease compared to June and a 23.3% increase compared to the previous year, with increases of 10.5% in the planted area and the area to be harvested, and an 11.5% increase in the average yield. Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil's fourth-largest producer of second-crop corn, estimated production of 11.1 million tonnes, a 42.9% increase compared to the volume produced in 2024, when the state faced one of the worst droughts in recent years and saw its corn production compromised.

SOYBEAN (grain) - National production of the oilseed is expected to reach a new historical record in 2025, totaling 165.5 million tons, a 14.2% increase compared to the previous year. This survey included few revisions compared to the previous month, with an increase of 390,200 tonnes. National production is estimated to increase by 10.5% in average annual yield and should reach 3,480 kg/ha, contributing to the oilseed harvest representing almost half of the total cereals, legumes, and oilseeds produced in the country in 2025. In turn, the total cultivated area is expected to reach 47.6 million hectares, representing a 3.3% increase this year, continuing its pace of full expansion, even with commodity prices, which fell in 2023 and 2024, remaining below producers' expectations.

Current projections indicate a historic harvest, driven by favorable weather conditions in most of Brazil's producing regions and by the expansion of planted area. However, weather problems were reported that reduced soybean crop productivity in western Paraná, southern Mato Grosso do Sul, and, especially, Rio Grande do Sul, which estimated a drop of more than 25.0% compared to the previous harvest. Despite a delay in sowing in September in the main states, regular rainfall from October to December allowed crops to develop well in most producing states. Mato Grosso, the largest national producer of the oilseed, estimated a 0.2% increase compared to the previous month, with state production reaching 50.3 million tonnes harvested in 2025, an annual growth of 28.5%. This result is mainly due to the 24.7% annual increase in average yield, which, combined with the 3.1% increase in harvested area, led to a new record for soybean production this season.

SORGHUM (grain) - The July estimate for sorghum production was 4.9 million tonnes increases of 13.5% compared to the previous month and 23.6% year-over-year, a record in the IBGE time series. The average yield was 3,339 kg/ha, an increase of 11.4% over the 2024 crop and 7.9% over June 2025, being the main driver of the positive performance in the period. The harvested area of the product also increased in both comparisons: 5.1% monthly and 10.9% year-over-year. The area occupied by sorghum corresponds to 1.5 million hectares, 1.8% of the total occupied by cereals, legumes, and oilseed production, or 1.4% in terms of share of the quantity produced.

TOMATOES - Production was estimated at 4.5 million tonnes, a 6.7% decrease compared to June and a 4.2% decrease compared to the 2024 crop. In the monthly comparison, the harvested area decreased by 2.8% and the average yield fell by 3.9%. Year-over-year, estimates still indicate a small increase of 1.0% in the harvested area, although there was a 5.1% decrease in the average yield. The states with the largest percentages of national production in July are Goiás (32.4%), São Paulo (24.1%), and Minas Gerais (12.5%). Goiás' production was estimated at 1.4 million tonnes, a decrease of 18.7% compared to June and a 1.1% decrease compared to the 2024 crop. Even so, the state remains the largest national tomato producer, with municipalities such as Cristalina, Silvânia, and Morrinhos leading the way. São Paulo, with 1.1 million tonnes, and Minas Gerais, with 557,600 tonnes, remained stable in their monthly production, average yield, and harvested area variations.

GRAPES - Production is expected to reach 2.1 million tonnes, an increase of 2.1% compared to the June estimate and 19.1% compared to the volume produced in 2024. The estimated average yield rose to 25,194 kg/ha, a 0.3% increase compared to the previous month and 17.8% above the 2024 figure, confirming the trend of high national productivity, especially in Rio Grande do Sul (the main national producer, with a 45.6% share) and Pernambuco (the second largest national producer, with a 36.0% share in 2025). In Rio Grande do Sul, production remained estimated at 957,100 tonnes in July, a stable result compared to the previous month and 39.4% higher than in 2024. The average yield reached 20,107 kg/ha, a 40.2% increase compared to the previous year. This was due to a harvest benefited by the predominantly dry weather, which also favored fruit quality, particularly in terms of its health, Brix degree, and color. In Pernambuco, July figures show stable production and yield, estimated at 755,300 tons and 49,764 kg/ha, respectively.