From 2016 to 2017, the Central West Region had recorded a decrease from 94.7% to 81.7% in the number of municipalities with daily availability of water supply from a public system, due to a period of rationing in the Federal District. In 2018, the daily availability of water in the region increased to 87.1%, still far from the level of 2016. 

In the Northeast, 69.1% of the housing units had daily access to water from the public system, whereas 14.7% did between one and three times per week and 14.4% from 4 to 6 times. As a result, about 12.0 million residents did not have daily availability of water from that type of service in this Major Region in 2018.

All over the country, 66.3% of the total housing units in the country had access to the public system or to a cesspit linked to the public sewer system. The biggest percentage was found in the Southeast (88.6%) and the smallest percentages were in the North (21.8%) and Northeast (44.6%). 

From 2017 to 2018, the percentage of housing units with access to the public system or to a cesspit linked to that system increased from 52.5% to 55.6%, with the biggest changes recorded by Mato Grosso (from 29.8% to 34.9%) and Mato Grosso do Sul (from 41.4% to 48.2%).

In Brazil, 91.1% of the housing units counted on some type of garbage collection service. The other 8.9% burned their garbage in the property of chose another form of disposal. A total 20.1 million persons did not have access to any form of garbage collection, being 10.5 million in the Northeast and 3.8 million in the North Region. 

The number of housing units in Brazil increased from 69.5 million to 71.0 million in 2018, representing an increase of 2.2%. The North Region recorded the biggest relative increase, 3.1%, whereas the Northeast had the smallest expansion, 1.7%. Against 2016, the increase was 3.1% (2.1 million units) in the country.

In 2018, 60.1 million housing units were houses, being equivalent to 86.0% of the total, with an increase of 910 thousand housing units more than in 2017. Apartments, which had a decrease from 2016 to 2017 (-3.1%), were 7.1% up in 2018 (with 651 thousand units more).

The country's population increased by 5.1% between 2012 and 2018. Among the Federation Units, three recorded population increase above 10%: Roraima (20.3%), Amapá (13.9%) and Amazonas (10.8%).

Women represented 51.7% of the population in 2018. That pattern was followed in most Federation Units, except for Tocantins (49.0%) and Roraima (49.4%). the states with the biggest proportion of women were Rio de Janeiro (53.2%), Pernambuco (53.0%) and Sergipe (52.6%).

In 2018, in Brazil, the population aged 0 to 13 made up 18.6% of the total, a percentage that had been 20.9% in 2012. The states with the biggest percentage of persons in that age group were Amapá (25.0%), Acre and Maranhão (both with 24.0%).

In 2012, persons aged 65 and over represented 8.8% of the national population and, in 2018, that changed to 10.5%. In 13 Federation Units the elderly persons in that group corresponded to 10% or more of the population. 

In the analysis by color or race, Bahia had the biggest number of persons who declared to be black (22.9%), against a smaller self-declared white group (18.1%). The state with the second biggest percentage of black persons is (13.4%).

These data are part of General Characteristics of Housing Units and of Residents, of the Continuous National Household Sample 2018. It brings information about municipalities (coverage and material of walls, rented or owned housing, existence of durable goods, access to public water supply, to sewer services and to electricity, and garbage collection) in years 2016 and 2018, and its residents (geographic distribution of the population, sex and age and color or race), from 2012 to 2018. The support material is available on the right of the page.  

Daily availability of water in the Federal District remains below the level of 2016

From 2016 to 2017, the Central West had recorded a decrease in the daily availability of water in housing units, from  94.7% to 81.7%, whereas the distribution of water from the public system from 4 to 6 times a week increased from 3.0% to 14.3%. The main reason for that behavior was the water rationing carried out between January 2017 and June  2018 in the Federal District, leading to a significant decrease of daily availability, from 99.7% (2016) to 43.3% (2017). From the second half of June 2018 on, with the end of water restriction, daily availability increased once again, but was still below the level of coverage of 2016, and stayed at 64.4% (2018). As a result, daily availability in the Major Region increased to 87.1%.

In the Northeast, 69.1% of the housing units had daily access to the public water supply system, whereas 14.7% had availability from one and three times a week and 14.4%, from 4 to 6 times. As a consequence, about 12.0 million residents did not have daily availability of water from the public supply system in that Major Region in 2018. 

In Acre and Pernambuco, less than 50% of the housing units had water available every day, both in 2017 (42.5% and 38.1%) and in 2018 (39.7% and 38.6%), respectively.

Among the 69.3 million housing units with piped water in 2018, housing units with piped water in 2018, 85.8% had as main source the general distribution system. Among the Major Regions, the percentage of housing units with piped water ranged between 92.8%, in the Northeast Region, and 99.8%, in the Southeast and South. The North Region had the smallest proportion of housing units in which the main source of water supply was the public system (58.9%), whereas the Southeast Region, had the biggest (92.4%). The Northeast Region recorded the smallest percentage of housing units with daily availability of water (69.1%) and the South Region, the biggest (97.5%).

72.4 million persons live in housing units without access to the public sewer system

In 2018, an estimated 66.3% of the total housing units in the country had access to the public system or to a  cesspit linked to the public sewer system. In the Southeast, 88.6% of the housing units had access to the public system or had cesspits linked to it. The smallest percentages were recorded in the North (21.8%) and Northeast (44.6%). In the country, 72.4 million persons lived in housing units without access to the public sewer system.

From 2017 to 2018, the percentage of housing units with access to the general system or with a cesspit linked to it in the Central West Region increased from 52.5% to 55.6%, mainly due to the expansion of sewer networks in Mato Grosso (from 29.8% to 34.9%) and Mato Grosso do Sul (from 41.4% to 48.2%).

 Percentage of permanent private housing units with a general system of cesspit linked to the general system, by Major Region, 2016/2018

20.1 million persons do not have access to garbage collection, mainly in the North and Northeast

In Brazil, in 2018, 83.0% of the housing units had access to direct garbage collection and in 8.1% to collection from a sanitation company, whereas 8.9% burned the garbage in the property or chose another form of disposal, such as dumping it in ditches, for example. That represents a total 20.1 million persons without access to any form of garbage collection. Among the Major Regions, the Northeast had the biggest number of residents in these conditions, with 10.5 million, followed by the North, with 3.8 million. More than one-fourth of the housing units burned their garbage in the property in the states of Maranhão (27.5%) and Piauí (26.5%).

Number of municipalities in Brazil increased by 1.5 million between 2017 e 2018

The number of municipalities in Brazil increased from 69.5 million to 71.0 million in 2018, which meant an increase by 2.2%. The Northeast Region recorded the biggest relative increase, whereas the Northeast had the smallest expansion, 1.7%. Against 2016, the number is of housing units is 3.1% up (2.1 million) in the country.

In 2018, 61.1 million housing units were houses, that is, 86.0% of the total, with an increase of 910 thousand housing units against 2017. Apartments, which had recorded a decrease from 2016 to 2017 (-3.1%), increased by 7.1% in 2018 (651 thousand units more).

The remainder is temporarily in Portuguese. 

Number of housing units in the countries with uncoated increases 13.1%
All over the country, there was a majority of housing units with outside walls where ‘masonry with coating’ was the predominant material, ranging between 64.3%, in the North Region and 94.4%, in the Southeast. In comparison with 2017, there was an increase of 13.1% (567 thousand housing units) of those with outside walls where ‘masonry without coating’ was the predominant material, with about 15.5 million housing units having that characteristic in Brazil in 2018.

The highlights are housing units with outside made of wood for construction   (planed wood) in the North (22.3%) and South (15.8%), above the national average (4.4%).

Population of Roraima increases 20.3% between 2012 and 2018
The population in the country increased 5.1% between 2012 and 2018. Among the Federation Units, three recorded population increase above 10%: Roraima (20.3%), Amapá (13.9%) and Amazonas (10.8%). The smallest increases were recorded by Piauí (1.6%), Bahia (2.6%), Alagoas (2.8%) and Rio Grande do Sul (2.9%). The proportion of the population among the Major Regions remained at the level of previous years, with a biggest concentration in the Southeast (42.2%).

Only Tocantins and Roraima have fewer women than men
In 2018, women made up 51.7% of the population. That pattern was followed by most Federation Units, except for Tocantins (49.0%) and Roraima (49.4%). The biggest proportion of women were those of Rio de Janeiro (53.2%), Pernambuco (53.0%) and Sergipe (52.6%).

In Amapá, children aged 0 to 13 make up 25% of the population  
In  2018, in Brazil, the population aged 0 to 13 years of age corresponded to 18.6% of the total. The states with the biggest proportions of persons in this age group were Amapá (25.0%), Acre and Maranhão (both with 24.0%). The smallest proportions of children aged 0 to 13 were in Rio de Janeiro (15,3%) and Rio Grande do Sul (16.5%).

Elderly persons aged 65 and over make up 10.5% of the population

In 2018, persons aged 65 and over made up 10.5% of the national population. In 13 Federation Units the elderly persons in this group corresponded to 10% or more of the population: Rio de Janeiro (13.1%), Rio Grande do Sul (12.9%), São Paulo (11.3%), Minas Gerais (11.2%), Paraíba (11.1%), Paraná (10.9%), Ceará (10.7%), Piauí (10.6%), Rio Grande do Norte (10.5%), Santa Catarina (10.4%), Tocantins (10.2%), Bahia (10.1%) and Alagoas (10.0%).

Considering the age profile of the population, the number of persons under 30 years of age recorded an increase from 47.6%, in 2012 to 42.9%, in 2018. The male population had a younger profile than the female. Menu up to 24 years of age went from 20.0%, in 2012, to 18.2%, in 2018; women in this group went from 19.5%, in 2012 to 17.5% in 2018. Men aged 60 and over had an increase from 5.7% to 6.8%, and women, from 7.2% to 8.6%.

Bahia was the only state with more self-declared black than white in 2018

In the Division of the population by color or race, Bahia has the biggest number of self-declared black persons (22,9%), versus white ones (18.1%). The state with the second biggest percentage of black persons is Rio de Janeiro (13.4%).

The only Federation Units in which the number of white persons surpasses that of black and brown persons are Santa Catarina (79.9%), Rio Grande do Sul (78.6%), Paraná (65.5%) and São Paulo (59.1%).