Considering the 23 municipalities which represented at least 0.5% of the Brazilian GDP between 2009 and 2010, Vitória (ES) and São Bernardo do Campo (SP) increased their contributions...

Considering the 23 municipalities which represented at least 0.5% of the Brazilian GDP between 2009 and 2010, Vitória (ES) and São Bernardo do Campo (SP) increased their contributions by 0.1 percentage points each, whereas the main decreases occurred in São Paulo (-0.3 p.p.) and Rio de Janeiro (-0.2 p.p.). The main changes observed in 2010 are related to commodities. Some typically rural municipalities faced decline in relative participation, due to the low prices of agricultural commodities, especially among major soybean producers. The opposite took place among producers of ore, of iron ore, mainly, which recorded gain in participation.  

An analysis of per capita GDP also shows the superiority of municipalities which develop activities related to the production and processing of ore. 

In 2010, six capitals concentrated approximately 25.0% of the country's generation of revenue, and five of them were characterized by the strong presence of service activities (financial mediation, trade and public administration).

With reference to gross value added of agriculture, the main highlights were the producers of coffee, wheat, beans, upland cotton and fruits. Cristalina (GO) went up from the 11^th to the first position between 2009 and 2010. In industry, 12 municipalities accounted for approximately 25.0% of value added, with 14.8% of the country’s population. The services sector, with 40 municipalities, reached half of the gross value added of services, and had 28.5% of the population.

These and other data are available in the publication Gross Domestic Product of Municipalities 2010, which resulted from a partnership with State Statistical Offices, State Secretariats and the Superintendence of the Free Trade Zone of Manaus – Suframa. The complete publication can be accessed at 

https://www.ibge.gov.br/english/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2010/default.shtm

Participation of ore producers increases among municipalities representing at least 0.5% of national GDP

In Vitória (ES), the positive change in participation occurred mainly due to mining and quarrying activity. In 2010, there was significant recovery of the production of iron ore pellet, a fact which also affected the increase of participation of the segment electricity.

In São Bernardo do Campo (SP), the main highlights were automotive industry and other industrial sectors related to this production chain, besides the toiletries and cosmetics industry. These segments were the main ones accounting for the gain in participation by this municipality.

In São Paulo, the segments of manufacturing industry and trade, maintenance and repair services were the main ones accounting for the decrease in participation.

The reduction of Rio de Janeiro's participation occurred mainly due to manufacturing industry, in the segment production of machinery and equipment used in mining and quarrying and in construction. The municipality of Rio de Janeiro also faced decrease due to the growth of mining and quarrying activity, which is not typically developed by that state capital.

Barueri (SP) had its participation reduced in 2010 mainly due to the segments trade and maintenance and repair services and manufacturing industry. According to the Regional Accounts of Brazil, in 2010, services generated 93.2% of the economy in the Federal District. In the year, the most significant segment was administration, public health and education and social security, with 54.4%, which lost 0.9 percentage points in relation to the previous year.

The decrease of participation of Duque de Caxias (RJ) resulted, mainly, from the fall of the wholesale trade sector specialized in food products, beverages and tobacco.

Six capitals concentrated 25% of revenue generation in the country

In 2010, the revenue generated by six municipalities alone (13.7% of the population) corresponded to approximately 25.0% of the overall national revenue generation. The added revenue of 54 municipalities reached about half of the GDP and corresponded to 30.7% of the population. The 1,325 municipalities which belonged to the last range of relative participation accounted for approximately 1.0% of the GDP and concentrated 3.3% of the population. This group included 75.0% of the municipalities of Piauí, 61.4% of the municipalities of Paraíba, 50.9% of those of Rio Grande do Norte and 48.9% of the municipalities of Tocantins.

All of the six municipalities which represented about 25% of the GDP in 2010 were capitals (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Brasília, Curitiba, Belo Horizonte and Manaus). They area traditionally identified as places of concentration of services activities, except for Manaus, the economy of which was balanced between industrial activities and service ones.  

Except for capitals, 11 municipalities were highlights for generating, individually, more than 0.5% of national GDP, amounting to a total 8.6% of the country revenue. These municipalities, with significant interaction between industry and services, were:  Guarulhos (SP), Campinas (SP) and Osasco (SP), which generated, individually, 1.0%; São Bernardo do Campo (SP), 0.9%; Betim (MG), 0.8%; Barueri (SP), Santos (SP), Duque de Caxias (RJ) and Campos dos Goytacazes (RJ), which accounted for 0.7% each; São José dos Campos (SP, 0.6%, and Jundiaí (SP), 0.5%.

Out of the 449 municipalities which formed the North Region, the six ones with the biggest economies represented about 50% of the overall revenue generation in this Major Region. Among the 1,794 Northeastern municipalities, 1.2% (21) represented half of the regional income. The same was true in 27 of the 1,188 municipalities of the South Region and in 15 of the 1,668 municipalities of the Southeast. In the Central West, Brasília (DF) generated 42.8% of the revenue of this South Region, which had a total 466 municipalities. The analysis of concentration indicated that the average GDP of the 10% of municipalities with bigger GDP figures generated 96.8 times more revenue than the average 60% of municipalities with the smallest GDP figures.

Ore production and processing is present in several municipalities with highest per capita GDP figures  

The municipalities with the highest figures for per capita GDP had in common a low population density. São Francisco do Conde (BA) with a GDP per capita of R$ 296.9 thousand, housed the second biggest petroleum refinery in terms of installed capacity in the country.  In Porto Real (RJ, R$ 290.8 thousand), there was an automotive plant.  Louveira (SP, R$ 240.0 thousand) concentrated distribution centers of major companies and, in 2010, this city went up from the fifth to the third position. Confins (MG, R$ 239.8 thousand), which had gained positions since 2006 with the transfer of most flights from the Belo Horizonte airport to the international airport located in the municipality, remained in the fourth position. Triunfo (R$ 223.8 thousand), located in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, which is the headquarters of an important petrochemical complex, fell from the fifth to the third position. Anchieta (ES, R$ 175.2 thousand) was characterized by pelleting and sintering of iron ore. Alto Horizonte (GO, R$ 167.4 thousand) used to produce and process copper sulfide. Presidente Kennedy (ES, R$ 155.8 thousand) and Quissamã (RJ, R$ 153.8 thousand) were petroleum producing municipalities. Araporã (MG, R$ 148.0 thousand), in the area known as Triângulo Mineiro (Minas Triangle), had the biggest hydroelectric plant in the state, with installed capacity of 2,082 megawatts - MW.

The smallest per capita GDP, in 2010, was R$ 2,269.82, registered in Curralinho, a municipality in Pará. This municipality, located in the Marajó archipelago, received federal resources for its maintenance: general government accounted for 61.0% of the gross value added. Other important activities in the municipality were civil construction, fishing and agriculture. In 2009, the municipality with the lowest per capita GDP was São Vicente Ferrer (MA).

Cristalina (GO) generated most revenue from agriculture in 2010 

Cristalina (GO) recorded the highest gross value added of agricultural activity in the country, in 2010, R$ 624.1 million, with increase in relation to 2009. It went up from the 11^th position to the top of the list as a consequence of the higher value of imortant products planted in the municipality, mainly coffee, wheat, beans and garlic. Petrolina (PE), with R$ 620.4 million, was in the second position and was the main national producer of grapes, guava and mango, in terms of production value, in the year. It was followed by São Desidério (BA), the main producer of upland cotton in the country, with R$ 559.6 million.  

The biggest increases of relative participation in the value added of agriculture over figures in the previous year were observed in the municipalities of Petrolina (PE) and Ipameri (GO).  In Petrolina, the increase of fruit production and the increased value of grapes led the municipality to record the highest production value generated by fruit producers. In Ipameri, gain resulted from coffee, sugarcane, garlic and cattle raising. The main decreases in relative participation occurred among the big soybean producers of Mato Grosso – Sapezal and Sorriso.

Industry remains concentrated: 25% of value added is generated by 12 municipalities 

In 2010, only 12 municipalities concentrated about 25% of the gross value added of industry.

This group had 14.8% of the Brazilian population. With 65 municipalities, they reached half of the gross value added of industry and 28.6% of the population. In the same year, 2,354 municipalities accounted for 1.0% of the gross value added of industry and had 8.4% of the population. This scenario was not very different from that in 2009. In the ranking of municipalities by relative participation in the value added of industry, São Paulo (SP) remained as the main industrial park of the country, with 8.2%.  Rio de Janeiro (RJ) came, in second place, with 2.5%.  

The main positive changes over previous year figures were recorded by the municipalities of Parauapebas (PA) and Itabira (MG), due to the increased production of iron ore. The increase in Joinville (SC) resulted from the establishment of new companies. The municipality had a very diverse industry and was known s a site for metallurgy and tool-making. The change in relative participation of the municipality of Vitória (ES) occurred due to the recovery of the  iron ore pellet production this ear. Affected by the rapid expansion of demand, production reached record levels.

In 2010, 40 municipalities accounted for 40% of the value added of services

In 2010, 40 municipalities together reached half of the value added of services and 28.5% of the population. In the same year, it is possible to notice that 1,317 municipalities with the lowest figures for gross value added of services, belonging to the final range, accounted for 1.0% of the the value added of services and concentrated 2.8% of the population. The first two municipalities in the ranking were São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, as in previous years.

In an analysis of the municipalities which represented at least 0.5% of the gross value added of services, the main increases in participation over 2009 results occurred in Recife (PE) and Fortaleza. The economic profile of Recife has always been related to service-related activities. In 2010, the main segments were: trade, medical services, computing and engineering services, business consulting, education and research, tourist-related activities. Fortaleza has virtually no rural area, and the services sector represents most of its economy, especially trade, tourism and service rendering to families and enterprises. 

North and Northeast concentrate municipalities which depend highly on public administration  

Out of the 5 565 Brazilian municipalities, 1,980 (35.6%) had less than 1/3 of their economies depending on the government. In 2010, the participation of gross value added of administration, public education and health and social security in the Brazilian GDP was 13.9%. Municipalities with economies highly-dependant on the government were located in the North and Northeast Regions. Three municipalities had bigger participation of public administration in relation to GDP above 70.0% in 2010: Uiramutã (RR), 81.0%; Poço Dantas (PB), 71.4% and Areia de Baraúnas (PB), 70.9%. Among the capitals, those with the smallest levels of  government participation were: Vitória (4.8%), São Paulo (5.8%), Curitiba (7.2%) and Manaus (9.3%), and the biggest ones were: Brasília (DF), 48.4%, Macapá (AP) 42.3% and Boa Vista (RR) 40.1%.