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Unemployment rate was 10.0% in September

October 26, 2006 10h00 AM | Last Updated: March 16, 2018 10h50 AM

According to estimates of IBGE’s Monthly Employment Survey (PME), the 5.3% reduction of job search and the 1.2%  increase in the number of employed persons resulted in decrease of the unemployment rate, which was estimated at 10.0% in September. This figure represents  decrease (0.6 percentage points) in comparison with August. In the annual comparison, there was stability of this estimate – the unemployment rate in September 2005 was 9.6%. In the same comparison, PME shows more 5.6% of workers with a formal contract in the private sector: it means approximately more 455 thousand persons receiving the benefits from this type f participation in the job market.

 

The average income of the employed population decreased by 0.8% in the September 06/August 06 comparison, having changed from R$ 1,038,35 to R$ 1,030,20. In relation to September 2005, however, there was increase of the  purchasing power of workers (2.7%), and the income received changed from R$1,003,23 to R$ 1,030,20.

 

According to the PME, in September, there was a total of 39.8 million persons at active age (10 years of age or over) in the group of six metropolitan areas surveyed (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, Salvador, Recife and Porto Alegre). This indicator increased by 2.0% in relation to the same month in 2005. The proportion of economically active persons in relation to the active-age population (activity rate) was 57.8%. This figure shows the stability of this rate in relation to August, and represents increase of 57.0% in comparison with the result in September last year.

By area, in comparison with August this year, there was decrease of the unemployment rates in the metropolitan areas of Belo Horizonte (from 8.7% to 7.8%) and Rio de Janeiro (from 8.2% to 7.5%). In comparison with September 2005, São Paulo had increase of this estimate (from 9.7% to 11.1%). The evolution of the unemployment rate by metropolitan area since January 2003 is shown in the chart.

 

In relation to August 2006, there was 5.3% decrease of the number of unemployed persons according to PME (128 thousand persons). In comparison with September 2005, however, there was increase of 7.1%, that is, approximately more 152 thousand persons looking for a job in the group of six metropolitan areas surveyed.

 

In terms of areas, in comparison with August 2006, there were changes in the metropolitan areas of Belo Horizonte (-9.9%) and Rio de Janeiro 9-8.2%). In comparison with September 2005, there was increase in the metropolitan area of São Paulo (20.00%).

 

Among the unemployed persons, 56.8% were women. In relation to the age group, 8.2% were between 15 and 17 years of age; 38.4% were between 18 and 24 years of age; 46.4%, between 25 and 49 years of age, and 6.4% were 50 years of age or over. Among the unemployed, 19.6% were searching for their first job; 26.3% were the head of the household and 47.2% had finished at least high school.

 

Unemployment Rate by Metropolitan Area (%)

Month/

Year

Total

Recife

Salvador

Belo Horizonte

Rio de Janeiro

São Paulo

Porto Alegre

Jan/03

11.2

11.7

15.2

9.8

8.3

13.0

7.9

Feb/03

11.6

12.1

15.0

10.1

8.6

13.6

8.6

Mar/03

12.1

12.7

16.2

10.3

9.1

13.9

10.0

Apr/03

12.4

14.0

16.7

10.5

9.2

14.3

9.8

May/03

12.8

15.1

17.3

11.0

9.6

14.6

10.2

Jun/03

13.0

14.9

17.9

12.1

9.8

14.5

10.2

Jul/03

12.8

14.2

17.6

11.4

9.6

14.5

9.5

Aug/03

13.0

15.0

17.6

12.1

9.5

14.9

9.8

Sep/03

12.9

15.0

17.6

10.8

9.7

14.8

10.1

Oct/03

12.9

14.4

17.0

11.2

9.4

15.0

10.1

Nov/03

12.2

14.0

16.4

10.3

8.9

14.0

9.4

Dec/03

10.9

12.1

15.7

10.4

8.6

11.8

7.9

Jan/04

11.7

12.8

16.2

12.3

8.9

12.9

7.6

Feb/04

12.0

12.7

17.1

11.9

8.6

13.6

8.5

Mar/04

12.8

12.6

17.1

12.1

9.8

14.6

9.6

Apr/04

13.1

14.3

16.6

11.4

10.7

14.5

10.7

May/04

12.2

13.3

16.2

10.9

9.6

13.6

9.7

Jun/04

11.7

12.8

14.9

10.5

8.9

13.3

9.5

Jul/04

11.2

13.4

14.9

10.7

8.1

12.5

8.9

Aug/04

11.4

13.5

16.6

10.2

8.6

12.6

8.5

Sep/04

10.9

12.4**

15.6

10.2

8.8

11.7

8.7

Oct/04

10.5

12.1

15.8

9.6

8.5

11.2

7.6

Nov/04

10.6

11.2

15.9

9.2

9.4

11.2

7.8

Dec/04

9.6

11.1

15.4

8.5

8.5

9.8

6.6*

Jan/05

10.2

12.2

15.8

9.8

7.4

11.1

7.0

Feb/05

10.6

13.2

15.6

9.9

8.4

11.5

7.1

Mar/05

10.8

14.1

15.7

10.7

8.4

11.5

7.9

Apr/05

10.8

13.0

17.0

9.5

8.6

11.4

8.0

May/05

10.2

12.8

15.9

8.9

8.5

10.5

7.7

Jun/05

9.4

9.6*

14.7

8.5

6.9

10.5

7.1

Jul/05

9.4

12.7

15.7

8.2

7.2

9.9

7.0

Aug/05

9.4

13.4

15.5

8.3

7.4

9.4

7.6

Sep/05

9.6**

15.0

15.2

8.1

7.4**

9.7**

8.4

Oct/05

9.6

14.3

14.9

8.5

7.9

9.6

7.5

Nov/05

9.6

14.7

15.0

8.2

7.7

9.7

7.2

Dec/05

8.3*

13.9

14.6

7.0*

6.8*

7.8*

6.7

Jan/06

9.2

15.3

14.9

8.1

6.9

9.2

7.7

Feb/06

10.1

15.9

13.6

9.1

7.9

10.5

7.5

Mar/06

10.4

16.5

13.7

9.3

8.5

10.6

8.3

Apr/06

10.4

16.5

13.4*

9.1

8.4

10.7

8.3

May/06

10.2

15.0

13.5

8.5

8.6

10.5

8.3

Jun/06

10.4

15.4

13.5

8.6

8.8

10.9

8.2

Jul/06

10.7

15.3

14.4

9.1

8.7

11.3

8.7

Aug/06

10.6

14.9

14.3

8.7

8.2

11.6

8.3

Sep/06

10.0

13.7

13.6**

7.8**

7.5

11.1

7.9**

 

        SOURCE: IBGE, Diretoria de Pesquisas, Coordenação de Trabalho e Rendimento,

        Pesquisa Mensal de Emprego.

        * the lowest rate in the series.

      ** the lowest rate in the September series

 

EMPLOYED POPULATION  (PO)

The number of employed persons, estimated to be 20.7 million in September 2006, increased both in comparison with August (1.2%) – with more 244 thousand employed persons in one month – and in comparison with September last year (3.1%).

By area, in relation to August, there was significant change of the number of employed persons, but only in the metropolitan area of Recife (4.4%). In the annual comparison, there were changes in Recife (5.2%), Belo Horizonte (6.7%), Rio de Janeiro (2.3%), São Paulo (2.8%) and Porto Alegre (3.0%).

Considering the level of occupation1 (52.1%), there was increase in relation to August in the group of six metropolitan areas (0.6 percentage points) and in Recife (2.0 percentage points). In the annual comparison, there were changes in the group of six areas, in Recife (1.9 percentage points) and in Belo Horizonte (2.3 percentage points).

 

PME showed that, in September, men accounted for 55.6% of the employed population; women for 44.4%. The population between 25 and 49 years of age accounted for 63.2% of this figure; and the percentage of persons with 11 or more years of schooling was 52.1%.

 

Analysis of results in relation to the main groups of activity

 

n      Mining and quarrying industry, manufacturing industry, electricity, gas and water (17.4% of the employed population). The number of persons employed in this group remained stable both in relation to August 2006 and September 2005. In the analysis by area, no changes were observed in any of the areas surveyed, in both comparisons.

 

n      Construction (7.2% of the employed population). In the group of six areas, in both comparisons, the number of employed persons was stable. There was increase in the metropolitan area of Recife in comparison with August (22.6%) and September 2005 (15.9%).

 

n     Trade, repair of automotive vehicles and personal and domestic objects and retail trade of fuels (19.1% of the employed population). The number of employed persons also remained stable in both comparisons. The same occurred in terms of the analysis by areas surveyed.

 

n     Services rendered to enterprises, rents, real estate activities and financial mediation (14.5% of the employed population).  The number of employed persons increased in the monthly (4.1%) and annual (4.4%) comparisons. Only the metropolitan area of São Paulo had change in relation to August (6.2%). In comparison with September 2005, there were changes in the areas of Salvador (12.4%) and Porto Alegre (13.3%) .

 

n      Education, health, social services, public administration, defense and social security (15.5% of the empoyed population). In the group of the six areas surveyed, there was stability. In comparison with August, there were no changes in any of the areas. In the annual comparison, there was hike in the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte (13.9%).

 

n      Domestic services (8.4% of the employed population). The group had stability in both comparisons in the six areas. In relation to August, there were no changes in any of the metropolitan areas surveyed. In comparison with 2005 there was increase in Recife (18.1%).

 

n     Other services (lodging, transportation, urban sanitation and personal services) (17.2% of the employed population). The number of employed persons remained stable in relation to August 2006 and increased in comparison with September 2005 (4.8%). In the monthly comparison, the metropolitan area of Recife increased (12.5%); in relation to September 2005,  there was increase of

     10.3% in Belo Horizonte.

 

 

Analysis of the type of participation in the job market

 

n  Workers with a formal contract in the private sector (41.2% of the employed population). In relation to August 2006, there was increase of 5.6%, that is, a total of 455 thousand persons. In relation to August, none of the areas had change. In relation to September 2005, there were changes in the metropolitan areas of Belo Horizonte (6.3%), Rio de Janeiro (5.9%), São Paulo (6.1%) and Porto Alegre (4.4%).

 

n    Workers without a formal contract in the private sector (15.2% of the employed population). The rate for this group remained stable in both comparisons. In the analysis by area, in relation to August 2006, there was increase in the metropolitan areas of Recife (9.5%) and São Paulo (6.0%). In relation to September 2005, there was also stability in all the areas surveyed.

 

n      Own-account workers (19.0% of the employed population). There was stability in both the monthly and the annual comparisons. By area there was increase in the metropolitan areas of Recife (8.5%) and Rio de Janeiro (5.4%, in relation to August 2005. Compared to figures in September 2005, there was increase of the rate in Porto Alegre (7.8%).

AVERAGE REAL INCOME2

In September 2006, for the group of six metropolitan areas surveyed, the average real income usually earned by workers was R$ 1,030,20, representing decrease of 0.8% in relation to August. In comparison with September 2005, there was recovery (2.7%).

In relation to August, there was decline in the following metropolitan areas: Recife (-3.3%), Belo Horizonte (-1.3%) and São Paulo (-2.3%). There was gain in Salvador (3.3%), Rio de Janeiro (1.7%) and Porto Alegre (1.3%). In terms of the annual comparison, there was increase in Salvador (4.0%), Belo Horizonte (4.0%), Rio de Janeiro (5.1%), São Paulo (2.7%) and Porto Alegre (4.1%). In the metropolitan area of Recife, there was decrease (-7.3%).

 

Income of the categories of position in the occupation in comparison with August 2006

 

n      Workers with a formal contract in the private sector – This group faced decrease of 0.4%, with an estimated average income of R$ 1,045,20. There were also falls in the metropolitan areas of Rio de Janeiro (-1.5%) and Porto Alegre (-0.6%). In Belo Horizonte (0.5%), there was recovery; in the remaining areas, there was stability.

 

n      Workers without a formal contract in the private sector – There was stability of the average income, estimated at R$ 697,00. In the metropolitan areas of Recife (7.4%), Salvador (5.9%) and Porto Alegre (1.1%), there was increase. In Belo Horizonte (-2.3%) and São Paulo (-1.6%), there were falling rates; in Rio de Janeiro there was stability.

 

n      Own-account workers – There was 2.9% increase, with the estimated average income being R$ 816,10. The rate increased in the metropolitan areas of Recife (3.0%), Salvador (6.4%), Rio de Janeiro (3.5%), São Paulo (2.5%) and Porto Alegre (10.1%), whereas in Belo Horizonte there was stability.

 

 

Income of the categories of position in the occupation in comparison with September 2005

  

 

n        Workers with a formal contract in the private sector – With an estimated income of R$ 1,045,200, this group had recovery of 3.8%. There was increase in the metropolitan areas of Belo Horizonte (2.2%), Rio de Janeiro (3.0%), São Paulo (6.2%) and Porto Alegre (1.2%).There was decrease in Recife (-1.1%) and Salvador (-0.9%).

 

n        Workers without a formal contract in the private sector – There was recovery of income (10.3%), which reached R$ 697,00. There was recovery of the income of workers in all the metropolitan areas: Recife (7.2%), Salvador (18.0%), Belo Horizonte (14.2%), Rio de Janeiro (4.9%), São Paulo (13.6%) and Porto Alegre (1.8%)

 

n        Own-account workers – There was decrease of income (-0.9%). Falls occurred in the metropolitan areas of Recife (-12.2%), Salvador (-5.2%), Belo Horizonte (-3.9%) and São Paulo (-1.3%). There was recovery in Rio de Janeiro (1.2%) and Porto Alegre (15.5%).

 

Analysis of the average income of workers by group of activity

 

In comparison with August 2006, there was:          

 

n        Increase in the following groups of activity: mining and quarrying industry, manufacturing industry and distribution of electricity, gas and water (0.4%); construction (2.2%) and other services (0.6%). 

 

n        Decrease in the following groups of activity: trade, repair of automotive vehicles and of personal and domestic objects and retail trade of fuels (-0.8%); services rendered to enterprises, rents, real estate activities and financial mediation (-3.2%); education, health, social services, public administration, defense and social security (-0.5%); and domestic services (-0.8%).

 

 

In comparison with September 2005, there was:

 

n        Increase in the following groups of activity: mining and quarrying industry; manufacturing industry and distribution of electricity, gas and water (6.8%); construction (3.3%); trade, repair of automotive vehicles and of personal and domestic objects, and retail trade of fuels (0.9%); education, health, social services, public administration, defense and social security (2.5%); domestic services (6.9%); and other services (3.9%)

 

n        Stability in the groups of services rendered to enterprises, rents, real estate activities and financial mediation.

 

  

 

_________________________________

1Proportion of employed persons ção in relation to the active age population. 

2Income usually earned. In order to calculate the real income, the deflator used for each area is the National Consumer price index (INPC) of the respective metropolitan area, by IBGE. In the group of six metropolitan areas covered by the survey, the deflator is the weighing average of the price indexes in these areas. The weighing variable is the resident population in the urban area of the metropolitan area.