For the first time ever, Civil Registry Statistics surveyed marriages between same-sex persons in 2013. The approval of the Resolution no. 175 of the National Council of Justice allowed to raise information on marriages between same-sex persons in all the Brazilian territory. In 2013, 3,701 marriages between same-sex partners were registered, 52.0% between women and 48.0% between men. São Paulo was the state that recorded the highest percentage of marriages between same-sex persons, either men (50.5%) or women (54.4%). The median age of same-sex spouses was 37 years for men and 35 years for women, higher than the median age of different-sex spouses (30 and 27 years, respectively).

The survey also brought information and historic comparisons on marriages, divorces, births and deaths like:

The total number of marriages increased 1.1% in 2013 in relation to 2012, reaching 1.1 million. The highest concentration was in the Southeast (48.2%). The marriage rate - proportion of marriages per thousand persons aged 15 years and over - stayed at 6.9 per thousand, remaining stable since 2011.

In 2013, 324,921 divorces were granted in the first instance with no appeals or through extrajudicial deeds, representing a reduction of 4.9% or less 16,679 divorces than in 2012. General divorce rates - proportion of divorces per thousand persons aged 20 years and over - were higher in age groups between 40 and 44 years for women and between 45 and 49 years for men.

The estimated under-registration of births - births not registered in the same year or until the end of the first quarter of the following year - fell from 18.8% in 2003 to 5.1% in 2013. Only the North and Northeast Regions posted significant indicators in 2013 (15.8% and 14.1%, respectively). The coverage was complete in the other regions.

In the group aged between 15 and 29 years, 80.5% of deaths were of men and 19.5%, of women. The highest percentages for men were especially due to violent and accidental deaths.

In 2013, 67.4% of deaths of those under one year of age were registered up to 27 days of life, suggesting advances in the areas of sanitation and access to health by pregnant women and children.

The complete publication of the survey can be found on link https://www.ibge.gov.br/english/estatistica/populacao/registrocivil/2013/default.shtm.

In Brazil, the acknowledgement of a marriage between same-sex partners as a family entity, similarly to a common-law union, was made possible by the Federal Supreme Court on May 05. 2011.  On May 14, 2013, the National Council of Justice (CNJ) approved Resolution no. 175, which establishes that all Register Offices in the Brazilian can enable or perform a marriage, or event convert a civil union into a same-sex marriage, preventing, this way, any administrative obstacles against the granting of related rights. 

In 2013, IBGE, in accordance with Resolution no. 175, started surveying civil marriages between same-sex partners.  In the same year, 3,701 marriages between same-sex partners were registered, 52.0% between women and 48.0% between men.  It was observed that the Southeast region, with 65.1%, concentrated the biggest percentage of same-sex partners, followed, to a much lower extent, by the South (14.2%), Northeast (13.4%), Central West (5.8%) and North Region (1.5%).  In the Southeast, São Paulo had the biggest percent concentration of same-sex partners, having accounted for 80.8% of the total in its Major Region

Out of the 1,775 marriages between male partners, 897 (50.5%) were held in the state of São Paulo, being 428 in the capital. In second place among the Federation Units was Santa Catarina, with 126 (10.7%) and Rio de Janeiro, with 112 (6.3%).

Considering female couples, which accounted for 1,926 marriage registers, once again São Paulo had the biggest percentage among the Federation Units, with 1,048 (54.4%), being 372 in the capital. It was followed by Minas Gerais, with 109 (5.7%), Ceará, with 104 (5.4%) and Rio de Janeiro, with 99 (5.1%).

The median age for same-sex spouses was 37 years for men and 35 years for women, above the median age for opposite-sex spouses (30 and 27, respectively). With reference to Federation Units, there was fluctuation of median ages among male spouses. Rio da Janeiro and Piauís recorded the oldest median ages, both with 42. In second place, with a slightly younger median age, 39, was Rio Grande do Sul. The youngest median ages were those of Sergipe (26), Maranhão (29) and Pará (32).  For the group of female partners, the highest medium ages were found in Amazonas (41) and Rio Grande do Norte and Paraíba, both with 40 years.  The youngest ages were observed in Piauí (31 years of age), Rondônia. Maranhão, São Paulo and Mato Grosso do Sul, all of them recording a median age of 33.

There was also predominance of marriages between single persons, both among male (82.3%) and female (75.5%) couples.  On the other hand, the proportion of remarriages observed (in which at least one of the partners was divorced or widowed) was biggest among women, representing 24.3%.  Among men the proportion was 17.4%.

In 2013, marriages increased 1.1% in relation to the previous year

In 2013, 1,052,477 marriages were registered, outnumbering the previous year by 11,037 marriages, or 1.1%. Out of this figure, 1,051,686 refer to marriages between persons aged 15 and over. The legal marriage rate (resulting from the division of the number of marriages between partners aged 15 and over by the population in the same age group, times 1,000) was 6.9 thousand inhabitants aged 15 and over in 2013. This rate has remained stable since 2011.

At national level, in 2013, the number of marriages between male and female partners amounted to 1,048,776, being more concentrated in the Southeast (48.2%), followed by the Northeast (23.4%), South, Central West (8.5%) and North Region (7.2%).

Marriages between single male and female spouses remained as the majority in relation to other marital statuses. However, this trend has gradually decreased: 10.0 percentage points of decrease between 2003 and 2013. At the same time, there was increase of the remarriage proportion, representing 23.0% of the total unions made official in 2013, versus 13.1% and 17.0% observed, respectively, in 2003 and 2008.

Divorce rates were highest among women 40 to 44 years of age and men aged 45 to 49

In 2013, 324,921 divorces were granted in the first instance with no appeals or through extrajudicial deeds, representing a reduction of 4.9% or 16,679 divorces less than in 2012. The overall divorce rate (2.33 per one thousand inhabitants aged 20 and over) recorded slight decline (0.16‰), keeping, nonetheless, the percent level above figures observed before the legal change effected on July 14, 2010. 

The general divorce rate - proportion of divorces per thousand persons aged 20 years and over - was higher in age groups between 40 and 44 years for women and between 45 and 49 years for men. Regarding men, the highest rate (6.89‰)was recorded in the group aged 45 to 49. The lowest divorce rates was found in age groups of 20 to 24 years of age (men) and 60 years of age and over (women), which recorded figures of 1.08‰, and 1.41‰, respectively.

There was reduction of the average period of time which separates the wedding day and the divorce granting, about 2 years, at national level, in the period 2008-2013. Such decrease was observed in all Federation Units. In 2013, the highest average period was recorded in Piauí, 18 years separating the wedding from the divorce decree.

In 2013, 86.3% of the divorces granted in Brazil resulted in the custody of children being given to women.  Shared custody is not yet very common in the country, but has increased, since the percentage of divorces with this solution regarding the custody of minor children was 6.8%.  Pará, with 11.4%, and Amazonas, with 10.8%, were the Brazilian states with the biggest percentages of divorces in which shared custody was observed.

Underreport of births falls from 18.8% in 2003 to 5.1% in 2013

The estimated underreport of births (births not registered in the same year of occurrence or up to the end of the first quarter of the subsequent year) was 18.8%, in 2003, and it changed to 5.1% in 2013,  pointing to serious advance in the civil coverage of births. .   Only the North and Northeast Regions posted significant indicators in 2013 (15.8% and 14.1%, respectively). The coverage was complete in the other regions.

Births not registered in civil registry offices in the year of occurrence are incorporated to the survey in later years, as late birth registrations. In the analysis of results by place of residence of the mother, there was decrease of the proportion of late birth registrations in Brazil, with a change from 17.4%, in 2003, to 4.9%, in 2013. That points to an even smaller amount of the population without a birth registration. The proportion of late birth registrations was 17.4% in the North Region.On the other hand, it was extremely reduced in the Southeast (1.4%) and South Regions (2.2%).

In 2013, total birth registrations in the year (2.8 million) presented marginal increase (8.8 thousand, or 0.3%) in relation to 2012. Southeast and Northeast, which had bigger volume and proportion of births registered in the decade, faced slight decrease in the reistration of births between 2012 and 2013. The other regions recorded increase in the period.

Proportion of children whose mothers are over 30 years of age increases

Between 2003 and 2013, the proportion of deliveries by women aged 20 to 24 fell from 30.9% to 25.3%, whereas among women aged 30 to 34 there was increase from 14.5% to 19.4%, in the same period, pointing to an aging trend in the reproductive pattern of women. 

On the other hand, in spite of the proportional decrease of births from mothers aged 15 to 19, from 20.0% to 17.7%, between 2003 and 2013, the indicator remains high, considering that motherhood among young women can cause difficulties in their permancence in formal education.

In the North Region, 52.7% of the births were concentrated in the group of women aged 15 to 24. In the Southeast, the proportion was 39.1% for women in the same age group. The Southeast presented smaller proportion of births among women aged 15 to 19 (15.3%), whereas in the Northeast and North these figures were more significant (20.0% and 23.3%, respectively). In the Southeast and South, most births were concentrated in the group of women aged 20 to 29 years of age (48.4% and 48.2%, respectively).

Male deaths make up 80.5% of the total in the aged group of 15 to 29

The distribution of deahs occurred in 2013, by sex, shows male overmortality in most of the age groups, especially among men aged 15 to 29. In this group, male deaths made up 80.5%, and female ones, 19.5%. Differences by sex are increasing up to the age group of 20 to 24 years of age, and then it reduces up to a point of inversion, through the overcoming of female deaths in relation to male ones, from the 80th year of age on.

The highest percentages of male deaths in the age groups of 15 to 29 resulted, especially, from violent deaths or accidental ones.

In 2013, 8.4% of the male deaths and 1.6% of the female ones resulted from non-natural causes. The North (10.8%), Northeast (10.7%) and Central West regions (10.1%) presented the biggest proportions of violent male deaths.

With reference to violent deaths of youngsters aged 15 to 24, the highest proportions in the male population occurred in Rio Grande do Norte (79.3%), Bahia (78.9%) and Sergipe (78.1%).  The biggest percentage of violent of young women were found in Ro Grande do Sul, Tocantins and Rio Grande do Norte, respectively, 55.6%, 50.0% and 46.9%. 

Fro the total non-natural deaths in the group aged 15 to 24, 97.5% of the persons were single and 2.2, married.  Among women, the percentage of single persons was a little smaller (94.7%) and the proportion of married persons who died of non-natural causes was twice as that presented for men (4.4% and 2.0%, respectively). With reference to the place of occurrence of death, 47.8% of the youngtsers aged 15 to 24 died on a public area (47.8% of men and 37.8% of women). The proportions of female deaths in the housing unit were very different between the sexes: 16.1% of female deaths 8.3% of male deaths. The conjugation of a bigger weight of female deaths occurred between married women and in the housing unit, in relation to male deaths, can point to episodes of domestic violence, in which married women are the main victims.

In 2013, 67.4% of children deaths occurred up to the 27th day of life

In 2013, 67.4% of the deaths of babies under one year of age were registered up to 27 days of life, and, so, about 32.5% can still be related to exogenous factors, related to the life conditions of children. As the country advances in terms of structural affairs related to the areas of sanitation and access to pregnant women and children's health, the tendency to children's death is concentrated on the neonatal period (early, deaths of children aged 0 to 6, or late, deaths of children aged 7 to 27), with decrease of the neonatal component (deaths between 28 days and 1 year of life).