Vital records 2015 shows that the deaths of young people aged 15 to 24 from violent causes (traffic accidents, drowning, suicides, homicides and accidental falls) decreased in the sates of the Southeast Region, such as Rio de  Janeiro (-37.5% among men and -40.8% among women) and São Paulo (-33.1%, -32.7%, respectively), but had a significant rise in states of the North and Northeast, as Amazonas, where there was a high of 171.4% in violent deaths of women and of 128.7% among men, both in the 15-24 age bracket. Conversely, infant mortality keeps falling: the deaths of children up to 1 year of age went from 4.0% of the total deaths registered in 2005 to 2.5% in 2015; and in the range up to 5 years old, the contribution falls from 4.8% to 3.0%.

There was increase of 1.4% in birth records, which reflects increases in all Regions, except North, where there was decrease of almost 0.3%. Although the percentage of delayed certificates (up to three years after the birth) fell from 9.4% (2003) to 2.6% (2012), the indicator remains with a two-digit percentage in Amazonas (12.6%), Amapá (12.6%), Pará (11.9%), Acre (11.6%) and Roraima (11.3%). Data also show the increase in the participation of mothers aged 30 to 39 (26.3% in 2010 to 30.8% in 2015).

The percentage growth of same-sex marriages was almost five times bigger than that marriage between man and women in 2015, although in absolute numbers there were 1.131.707 opposite-sex marriages and 5.614 same-sex marriages.

In 2015, there was decrease in divorce records granted by courts of first instance or by extrajudicial deeds, from 341,181, in 2014, to 328,960 divorces. Shared custody grew from 7.5% in 2014 to 12.9% in 2015.

The analysis and all information concerning Vital Statistics, resulting from the collection of data reported by Civil Registry Offices of Individuals, Family Courts, Civil Courts and Notary Offices in the country, can be accessed here.

Amazonas had a 171.4% increase of violent deaths among young women

Male overmortality from natural causes (due to biological causes) in the group aged 20 to 24 is 2.2 times bigger, i. e., a 20-year-old man is twice as likely to die before 25 years of age than the 20-year-old woman. However, if we consider just deaths due to violent causes (external causes like traffic accidents, drowning, suicides, homicides, accidental falls), in the group aged 20 to 24, the chance of a man not becoming 25 grows to 10.4 times in relation to a women of the same age group.

The survey showed that in the group from 15 to 24 years of age, there was a significant reduction of deaths from violent causes, both men and women, in the comparison with the 2005-2015 period, for example, in Rio de Janeiro(-37.5% among men and -40.8%, among women), the Federal District (-34.9% and -10.3%) and São Paulo (-33.1% and -32.7%). However, violent deaths increased in the states of the North and Northeast. Among men, the highest increase occurred in Sergipe (179.4%), whereas in Amazonas, the greatest expansion of violent deaths in the female population was recorded (171.4%). In absolute numbers, violent deaths of men went from 180 to 503 in Sergipe, whereas violent deaths of women in Amazonas grew from 21 to 57, between 2005 and 2015.

Infant mortality down from 4.0% to 2.5% in children before 1 year old

There was increase of 23.7% in the volume of deaths recorded in Brazil in the last 10 years, going from 992,477 registered in 2005 to 1,227,396 in 2015, especially because of population growth.

Conversely, infant mortality kept falling. Deaths of children before 1 year of age went from 4.0% of the total deaths registered in 2005 to 2.5% in 2015; in the group before 5 years old, the contribution falls from 4.8% to 3.0%.

In 1940, the mortality of children below 1 year old used to reach 147.0 per thousand; that means that in each 1,000 live births, 147 would not celebrate their first birthday. On the other hand, mortality of children aged 1 to 4 used to be 77.0 per thousand. In 1980, deaths of children below 5 represented 26.7% of the total, while the deaths of persons aged 65 and over represented 34.4%. Even so, because of the high fertility rates, the age structure was extremely young. In 1991, the contribution of deaths of children below 5 fell by 12.2% of the total, whereas the deaths of persons aged 65 and over went to 43.4%, an increase of almost 10.0%.

Vital Statistics 2000 showed that the deaths of children below 5 kept falling, representing 6.9% of the total and the contribution of individuals aged 65 and over grew to 48.8%.

For 2010 and 2015, the narrowing down of the pyramid basis (reduction of births) and the widening of the pyramid top increased considerably, due to the population aging process. Thus, in 2015, deaths of children below 5 represented 3.0% of the total, while the deaths of persons aged 65 and over reached 58.1%.

Delayed birth certificates: 12.8% in Amazonas, but below 0.5% in São Paulo

In 2015, 2,945,344 births were recorded taking place in 2015, a rise of 1.4% in relation to 2014. The biggest absolute contribution of the country's births came from the Southeast Region, with 1,177,165 records, although this region presented the lowest positive change in relation to 2014's births (0.9%). In regional terms, there was growth in births in the Central-West (1.2%), Northeast (2.3%) and South Regions (2.4%). Opposed to the other regions, the North presented a negative rate of 0.3%.

In a 9-year-interval, the percentage of delayed birth certificates up to 3 years after births fell from 9.4% (2003) to 2.6% (2012). The regional inequality of this indicator remained. In the North, of the births occurred in 2012, Amazonas (12.8%), Amapá (12.6%), Pará (11.9%), Acre (11.6%), Roraima (11.3%) had a two-digit percent for late records, whereas São Paulo (0.48%), Paraná (0.52%), Santa Catarina (0.55%), Minas Gerais (0.62%), the Federal District (0.64%) and Rio Grande do Sul (0.85%) recorded percentages below 1.0%.

Newborns of mothers aged 30 to 34 increase participation in total births

In 2005, almost one third (30.9%) of the births were of mothers of 20 to 24 years old. Between 2005 and 2015, this percentage reduced reaching 25.14% of the births in 2015. On the other hand, in the same period there was increase in the participation of the births from mothers aged 30 to 34 and 35 to 39 years old, which represented in 2015, 20.3% and 10.5%, respectively, showing an aging process in the pattern of live births of Brazilian women.

In regional terms, the 2015 pattern of births is younger in the North, with a concentration of children born of mothers aged 20 to 24 years old, followed by the Northeast, and Central-West, and, then, South and Southeast, where births are concentrated in the group aged 25-29 years old, with major contribution of births from mothers aged 25-29, in relation to the other regions of the country.

Same-sex marriages grow almost five times higher than between men and women in 2015

Brazil recorded, in 2015, 1,137,321 civil marriages, 2.8% more than in 2014. The legal nuptiality rate was of 7.2%, which means that for each 1,000 Brazilian in a marrying age, seven, on average, are legally united. In absolute numbers, there were 1,131,707 opposite-sex marriages and 5,614 same-sex marriages.

Same-sex marriages, which represented 0.5% of the total, increased 15.7% in relation to the previous year and 51.7% if compared to 2013. The records of couples of men and women increased 2.7% in the period of one year.

The incentive of officializing unions by means of mass marriages through partnerships among city halls, notary offices and churches contributed, to a large extent, to the growth of the number of official marriages in some Brazilian states. Among those which increased, Acre (40.0%) stood out. Just seven states recorded decrease in the number of records, and the main reductions were in Paraíba (-7.7%) and Sergipe (-6.3%).

Considering opposite-sex marriages, the unions between single spouses came as first, with 76.0% of the total legal gatherings. In the second position, with 9.6%, were marriages between single women and divorced men, followed by couples of divorced women and single men, 6.4%.

Same-sex civil marriages showed that the greater proportion also occurs between single persons, with 86.7% between men and 77.7% between women. The differences between males and females appear, to a large extent, in the proportion of marriages between single and divorced spouses, which was more significant among female marriages, with 19.4% of the records, than among male ones, whose percentage was 10.9%.

In the civil unions of opposite-sex single persons, men got married at 30 on average and women at 27. But for same-sex marriages, the average age of single spouses ranged between 31 and 36 years old in the marriages in which the spouses were men, and 32 to 34 in those of women.

Number of divorces falls 3.5% between 2014 and 2015

In 2015, there was decrease in the number of divorces granted in the first instance or by extrajudicial deeds, with a record of 328,960, against 341,181 in 2014, that is, 12,221 less divorces. The general divorce rate also grew from 2.41 divorced in each 1,000 persons aged 20 or over, in 2014, to 2.33 per thousand. On average, men got divorced at 43 and women at 40. In Brazil, the average gap between the wedding day and the divorce sentence or deed was 15 years. Piauí and Rio Grande do Sul recorded the greatest time gap among the states: 18 years. Acre had the smallest: 12 years.

In Brazil, the highest proportion (47.7%) of divorces took place in families with children that were underage. In 78.8% of the cases, the custodial parent was the mother, and in 5.2%, the father. Shared custody grew from 7.5% in 2014 to 12.9% in 2015. In relation to the Major Regions, the Southeast presented the greatest proportion of custodies to women (81.1%). Among the states, Sergipe stood out (91.4%). Amapá presented the greatest number of custodies granted to men (12.9%) and the Federal District had the highest percent of shared custodies between spouses (24.7%).