Documento sem título

Information and communication services record highest economic concentration

With 36.4%, information and communication services registered the highest index of economic concentration (contribution of the eight biggest enterprises to the net revenue of the group). The activities of telecommunication (66.6%) and audiovisual services (51.6%) were the most concentrated ones.

With 97,098 enterprises, information and communication services generated 24.3% (R$ 305.0 billion) of revenue and 20.0% (R$ 149.3 billion) of value added to services as a whole. The segment absorbed 7.8% (968,941) of the employed persons and spent 16.1% (R$ 40.9 billion) in salaries, withdrawals and other compensation.

In this group, telecommunication services, with 5,810 enterprises (6.0%), stood out with the highest share of net operating revenue (R$ 162.3 billion, 53.2% of the total of the group). The set of enterprises of this activity recorded the greatest productivity, R$ 323,058 by employed persons, over the total of the segment, R$ 151,558.

The greatest part of the wage bill (R$ 22.0 billion, 53.7%) and of employed persons (500,574, 51.7%) in this group, however, was found in the activities of information technology, which registered the highest average monthly salary (5.0 minimum wages) and the greatest number of enterprises (59,550, 61.3%).

In 2013, the segment of information and communication services spent 40.0% of the value added with personnel expenses, 13.4% of the net revenue with salaries, withdrawals and other compensation, and the proportion of charges over personnel expenses was of 31.5%. Among the activities of the sector, edition and edition with printing presented the greatest proportion of personnel expenses in relation to relation value added (64.9%); the services of information technology showed the greatest proportion of salaries in relation to the revenue (26.5%); and telecommunication had the biggest proportion of personnel expenses (38.2%).

Professional, administrative and complementary services generate 41% of employment

The survey estimated the existence of 386,375 enterprises in the segment of professional, administrative and complementary services in 2013 (31.3% of the total of services), which was responsible for the greatest share of employed persons, 5,1 million persons (41.0%); for the highest wage bill, R$ 93,1 billion (36.7%); and for the biggest value added to non-financial services, R$ 254,3 billion (34.1%).

Technical professional services (specialized technical-scientific advisory and analysis) stood out as the main activity of the segment in terms of net operating revenue (R$ 135.0 billion, 39.9%), value added (R$ 97.4 billion, 38.3%), salaries, withdrawals and other compensation (R$ 29.7 billion, 31.9%), employed persons (1.1 million, 21.7%), and number of enterprises (181,463, 46.9%).

The activity with the highest work productivity (R$ 109,529 by employed persons, over R$ 49,237 of the segment) in the group was non real estate rentals and lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (rental business and operational leasing of tangible goods as well as assignment or right of use of assets such as patents, trademarks, franchises, paid through commissions, royalties, etc).

Recruitment, selection and placement services stood out due to the absorption of the highest average of employed persons by enterprises (132), whereas the group employed, on average, 13 people. While recruiting and sending candidates to jobs or allocating workforce for temporary positions, the activity also registered differentiated indicators of expenses with employed personnel.

This activity records the highest proportions of personnel expenses in relation to value added, 85.8% (against 53.6% of the group), and a net revenue spent in salaries, 49.1% (the highest in the survey), against 27.6% of the segment. The proportion of charges, in relation to the amount of personnel expenses, is also the highest in this activity (35.6%, over 31.5% for the segment).

Transportation, support activities for mailing and mailing account for 35.9% of the investment in services

In 2013, the segment of transportation, support activities for mailing and mailing services had the four activities with the highest index of economic concentration (contribution of the eight greatest enterprises in the net revenue of the group) of PAS: pipeline transportation (99.9%); air transportation (89.8%); mailing and other delivery activities (82.3%); and rail transportation (82.1%). It is a capital intensive segment, which presented the highest rate of investment (a share represented by the total investment of the services sector output – 35.9%, in 2013).

This group of activities is also the most representative in terms of revenue, accounting for 28.5% in 2013, (R$ 357.4 billion) of the total net operating revenue of the services sector. With 173,286 of enterprises (14.0% of the total), the segment aggregates a significant share of value added (R$ 180.3 billion, 24.2%), wage bill (R$ 65.2 billions, 25.7%) and employed persons (2.6 million, 20.6%).

The main highlight of the group in terms of contribution was road transportation, with R$ 184.8 billion of revenue (51.7%), R$ 86.2 billion of value added (47.8%), R$ 33.9 billion in salaries, withdrawals and other compensation (52.0%), 1.7 million of employed persons (66.8%) and 138,493 enterprises (80.0%). Rail transportation registered the highest average of employed persons by enterprises of the whole survey (915 persons).

The productivity presented by transportation, support activities for transportation and mailing (R$ 70,514) was above the survey's average (R$ 59,467). In this segment, we find the most productive activity in the survey: pipeline transportation (R$ 1,337,151 added by employed person). The segment presented an average monthly salary (2.9 minimum wages) higher than the services average (2.3 minimum wages). The highlight was pipeline transportation, whose average salary (19.8 minimum wages) was the highest in the survey, due to the level of expertise demanded by this activity.

In transportation, support activities for transportation and mailing activities, the proportion of personnel expenses over value added was 53.9%, that of salaries over revenue was of 18.2%, and that of charges over personnel expenses, of 33.0%. In the group, the highlight is mailing services and other delivery activities, which, in relation to the average, presented the highest proportions of personnel expenses over value added (84.7%, the second major proportion among all activities), of salaries over revenue (34.4%) and of charges over personnel expenses (42.3%, the highest indicator of the survey).

Real estate activities generated R$ 32 billion in net revenue

In 2013, the segment of real estate activities recorded an average of 5 employed persons by enterprises and average monthly salaries of 2.1 minimum wages, with 42,272 enterprises (3.4% of the survey's total), generating R$ 32.0 billion in net operating revenue (2.5%) and R$ 25.5 billion in value added (3.4%). They were responsible for R$ 3.6 billion (1.4%) in salaries, withdrawals and other compensation and employed 189.8 thousand persons (1.5%). Another characteristic of the segment is to have economically decentralized markets (9.3%).

As to the proportion of expenses with employed persons in relation to value added, the real estate activities registered an indicator lower than the one for the survey overall, 20.3%. The same happened with the indicator of salaries over revenue (11.2%). The proportion of charges in relation to expenses with employed persons in the segment, on its turn, presented a close proportion to the one seen for the total of PAS (30.8%).

The majority of this segment's enterprises (52.7%, 22,270) deal with acquisition, sale and rent of privately-owned property, concentrating 68.5% of the revenue (R$ 22.0 billion) and 73.1% of value added (R$ 18.6 billion) in the segment. It is estimated for this activity the greatest productivity, as well (R$ 235,112 by employed persons, over the average of R$ 131,693 for the total of the segment). Intermediation services for purchase, sale and rent of real estate, on their turn, spent R$ 2.1 billion in wage bill (57.4%), and employed 112,603 persons (59.3%).

Maintenance and repair services employed 4 persons on average

The group maintenance and repair services gathers predominantly small sized business, which employed, each, on average, 4 persons in 2013. The activities of this segment are set in a market considered economically decentralized (11.6%).

The productivity of maintenance and repair services was of R$ 30,350 by employed persons, and the average salary, 1.5 minimum wages, both values below the average seen in the survey's total. The group accounted, in 2013, for 107,582 enterprises (8.7%), generated R$ 21.4 billion of revenue (1.7%), R$ 13.5 billion of value added (1.8%), paid R$ 6.0 billion in salaries, withdrawals and other compensation (2.4%) and employed 441,248 persons (3.5%).

The indicators of personnel expenses in relation to the value added (54.6%) and of salaries in relation to the revenue (28.3%) were above the survey's overall, whereas the relation of charges on the personnel expenses (18.0%) was below.

The highlight is the activity of maintenance and repair of motor vehicles, which with 66,333 enterprises (61.7%), generated R$ 11.1 billion of revenue (52.0%), R$ 6.8 billion of value added (50.1%), R$ 3.3 billion of wage bill (55.0%) and 267,993 of employed persons (60,7%). The biggest productivity in the group, though, was found in the enterprises of maintenance and repair of computer equipment and communication (R$ 51,815 by employed persons), below, however, the average of services (R$ 59,467).

Other activities of services have more charges with personnel

In 2013, the segment of other activities of services (encompassing, among others, support agricultural, livestock and forestry services, finance, insurance and complementary social security; sewerage, residue treatment, collection and recovery of materials) registered economic decentralization, with the eight biggest enterprises holding 14.7% of the revenue.

The 38,010 enterprises (3.1%) which deal with this activity in 2013 generated R$ 67.0 million of revenue (5.3%), R$ 44.7 billion of value added (6.0%), R$ 12.3 billion in salaries, withdrawals and other compensation (4.8%), and employed 482,083 persons (3.9%), i.e., on average, 13 persons by enterprise.

The segment presented productivity of R$ 91,833, above the average of the services sector. In 2013, there was a proportion of personnel expenses in relation to the value added of 42.0%, of salaries over revenue of 18.3%, and of charges over personnel expenses of 34.7%, the highest among the seven groups of services.

Table 2
Productivity and indicators of personnel expenses, according to activities of non financial  services - Brazil - 2013

Source: IBGE, Diretoria de Pesquisas, Coordenação de Serviços e Comércio, Pesquisa Anual de Serviços 2013.
Notes: (1) Current values estimated by the division of the value added by the total employed persons in the enterprises. (2) Values estimated by the division of salaries, withdrawals and other compensation by the anual minimum wages, whose calculation includes the Christmas bonus and, then, by the total employed persons in the enterprises. The calculation of the current minimum salary resulted in R$ 8 086.00. (3) Personnel expenses refer to the amount paid along the year as salaries and other compensation – such as Christmas bonuses, vacation and extra hours –, profit sharing, cooperative partners' compansation, board of director's compensation, quotaholders' withdrawals, as well as contributions to social securrity (private or not), FGTS, PIS over payroll, indemnities, contract termination, and waiver and bennefits – such as tranportation, food tickets, etc. (4) Values are calculated by the division of salaries, withdrawals and other compensation by the total of net operating revenue and subsidies. (5) Charges refer to the total contribution to soacial security, FGTS, contributions to private pension, severance pay, PIS over payroll, indemnity, contract termination and waiver and bennefits – such as transportation and food tickets, etc. (6) The concept adopted by PAS is less wide than the one used in National Accounts. (7) Including tranportation by tourist trains, chairlifts and the like and cable cars.

In Central-West and Northeast Regions, services grew at higher pace

The Southeast concentrated, in 2013, the highest share of gross revenue of services rendered (R$ 902.3 billion, 65.5%), of salaries, withdrawals and other compensation (R$ 166.2 billion, 65.5%) and of employed persons (7.4 million people, 59.0%). This Region also paid the highest average monthly salary (2.6 minimum wages) in relation to that estimates by the set of PAS (2.3 minimum wages).

Between 2007 and 2013, the net revenue of services grew 54.8% in real terms, of which 34.6 percentage points were due to the Southeast. The wage bill had a real growth of 70.9%, to which the Southeast contributed with 44.3 percentage points. Employed persons, on their turn, grew 50.1%, with the contribution of the Southeast Region of 27.4 percentage points.

The Central-West Region stood out increasing the gross revenue of services (67.7%), the wage bill (89.0%) and employed persons (66.9%) above what was estimated for the other regions. The Northeast also presented an evolution rate standing out in all variables: gross revenue of services (61.4%); wage bill (88.4%) and employed persons (64.5%). In relation to the average monthly salary (in minimum wages) paid by the enterprises of non-financial services, there are, for the Southeast, values above the Brazilian average, 2.6 minimum wages. On the other hand, there is the Northeast Region, whose average monthly salary paid by the enterprises was 1.7 minimum wages.

Table 3
Cumulative rate of real evolution and contribution rate to gross revenue, wage bill and employed persons, according to Major Regions - Brazil - 2007/2013

Source: IBGE, Diretoria de Pesquisas, Coordenação de Serviços e Comércio, Pesquisa Anual de Serviço 2007/2013.
Note: The variable gross revenue was inflated variável, according to the year of reference 2013, as state in the Technical Note of the Review of the Quarterly National Accounts in the 3rd quarter of 2013 (RESULTS ..., 2013). It is importante to highlight that the results must be read as approximations which aim at indicating the order of magnitude of the evolutions shown, since Brazil does not have indexes perfectly suitable for each activity and service comprised in the survey, as it would be desirable.