The Extended National Consumer Price Index - IPCA changed 0.26% in October and stayed above the rate of 0.08% in September, becoming the lowest index for October since 2000, when it registered 0.14%. As a result, the cumulative index in the year stayed at 5.78%, well below the index of 8.52% in the same period last year. Considering the last 12 months, the rate declined to 7.87%, below the rate of 8.48% relative to the 12 immediately previous months. In October 2015, the IPCA was 0.82%.

The complete data of the IPCA can be accessed here.

Transportation (0.75%) registered the highest group change, whereas Food and Beverages (-0.05%) and Household Articles (-0.13%) dropped, as shown in the table below.

Although the retreat in October (-0.05%) was less intense than in September (-0.29%), the prices of a number of products in the group of Food and Beverages dropped, highlighted by long-life milk, which became 10.68% cheaper and exerted the major downward impact (-0.13 percentage points). See the major drops in the group of food in the table below.

Having changed 2.64%, the item meat pressed the group of food products and exerted the main individual impact on the index  in October (0,07 p.p.). In some places, the rise of meat was even higher, like in Curitiba (4.40%), Fortaleza (4.19%), Vitória (4.18%) and Rio de Janeiro (4.09%). Salvador (0.52%) and Brasília (0.61%) recorded the lowest changes. The main food products that had their prices increased are found below.

Of the groups on the rise, Transportation (0.75%) posted the highest change, as a result of the increase of 6.09% in the price of the liter of ethanol, which, in turn, took the price of gasoline to rise 1.22%, since it contained 27% of ethanol in its composition. Furthermore, the rise of 10.06% in airfare also exerted pressure on this group.

Other items that also influenced the IPCA in October were: vehicle insurance (1.70%), bottled gas (1.19%), health insurance (1.07%), domestic workers (0.87%), manpower for small repairs (0.87%), car licensing (0.81%), water and sewage fees (0.74%), landline telephone services (0.62%) and condominium fees (0.52%).

As to the dropping items, the highlights were hotel (-5.63%) and cigarettes (-1.63%).

Concerning the regional index, the highest one was registered in Campo Grande (0.53%), where six out of the nine groups of products and services surveyed recorded rates above the national average.  The lowest index was posted in the metropolitan area of Vitória (-0.16%). See below the table of monthly results by area surveyed.

The IPCA has been calculated by the IBGE since 1980. It refers to families with monthly earnings of one to 40 minimum wages, whatever the source, and it encompasses ten metropolitan areas in Brazil, besides the municipalities of Goiânia, Campo Grande and Brasília. In order to estimate the index of the month, the prices collected from September 29 to October 27, 2016 (reference) were compared with the prices in force from August 31 to September 28, 2016 (base).

INPC changes 0.17% in October

The National Consumer Price Index - INPC changed 0.17% in October and stood 0.08% above the rate in September. As a result, the cumulative index in the year stayed at 6.36%, well below the rate of 9.07% registered in the same period a year ago. Considering the last 12 months, the index stayed at 8.50%, below the rate of 9.15% relative to the immediately previous 12 months. The INPC changed 0.77% in October 2015.

Food products dropped 0.06% in October, while the retreat was of 0.25% in the previous month. The group of non-food products changed 0.28%, above the rate of 0.23% in September.

The highest regional indexes were recorded in Belém and Campo Grande, both changing 0.43%. The lowest index was reported in the metropolitan area of Vitória (-0.19%).  See below the table of monthly results by area surveyed.

The INPC has been calculated by the IBGE since 1979. It refers to families with monthly earnings between one and five minimum wages, with a salaried head. It encompasses ten metropolitan areas, besides the municipalities of Goiânia, Campo Grande and Brasília. In order to estimate the index of the month, the prices collected from September 29 to October 27, 2016 (reference) were compared with the prices in force from August 31 to September 28, 2016 (base).