Between 2010 and 2013, Mato Grosso was the state with the greatest cumulative growth of GDP (21.9%). In the same period, 18 Federation Units grew more than Brazil (9.1%), including all the states of the North, Central-West and South Regions. Rio de Janeiro had the worst result (5.7%), and all the Southeast sates stood below the national average. Conversely, in 2013, when the Brazilian GDP grew 3.0%, 13 states had performances above the national average. The highest rise occurred in Rio Grande do Sul (8.2%), whose result was influenced by the good performance of agriculture, especially soybean, rice and corn crops. The worst result was presented by Espírito Santo (0.1%).

In 2013, Paraná's GDP (R$ 332.84 billion) surpassed Rio Grande do Sul's (R$ 331.10 billion), taking the fourth position in the ranking. In relation to 2010, Paraná was the state which increased the most its participation in the national GDP, going from 5.8% to 6.3%. In that same period, São Paulo failed to contribute with 1.2 percentage points (p.p.), going from 33.3% to 32.1%. Even so, the state represents around one third of the national economy. Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul contributed with 33.4% in 2013 - a gain of 0.8 p.p. in relation to 2010. The other 0.4 p.p. lost by São Paulo stood with the other 22 states.

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In 2013, Paraná surpasses Rio Grande do Sul's GDP

In 2013, Paraná's GDP (R$ 332.84 billion) surpassed Rio Grande do Sul's (R$ 331.10 billion), for the first time in the time series started in 1995, becoming the fourth national economy. Rio Grande do Sul got the fifth position. In that same year, the highest GDP was São Paulo's (R$ 1.71 trillion), followed Rio de Janeiro (R$ 626.32 billion) and Minas Gerais (R$ 486.96 billion). The lowest values stood with three states of the North Region: Roraima (R$ 9.03 billion), Acre (R$ 11.44 billion) and Amapá (R$ 12.76 billion).

Table 1
Gross Domestic Product, resident population and Gross Domestic Product per capita,
by major Regions and Federation Units - 2013

Source: IBGE, in partnership with State Statistical Bodies, State Secretariats and Superintendence of the Manaus  Free Trade Zone - SUFRAMA; and Coordination of Population and Social Indicators.
(1) Estimated population fot July 1st of 2008 according to municipalities, sent to the Brazilian Court of Audit - TCU on 10.31.2013.

In four years, São Paulo has lost 1.2 percentage points of participation in the national GDP

The five major states, São Paulo (32.1%), Rio de Janeiro (11.8%), Minas Gerais (9.2%), Paraná (6.3%) and Rio Grande do Sul (6.2%), concentrated 65.6% of the national GDP in 2013, almost two thirds of the country’s economy. In relation to 2010, due to the contribution sharp drop of São Paulo (-1.2 percentage points), these states together recorded an average reduction of 0.3 percentage points (p.p.) in their contribution.

The other 22 states contributed with 34.4% to the Brazilian GDP in 2013, a rise of 0.3 p.p. in relation to 2010. The state that mostly increased its contribution in relation to 2010 was Paraná (0.5 p.p.), followed by Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Pará and Mato Grosso, all with 0.2 p.p.. Goiás, Pernambuco, Maranhão and Mato Grosso do Sul increased by 0.1 p.p. their participation in relation to 2010. Besides São Paulo (-1.2 p.p.), losing contribution every year since 2010, following the decreasing trend of the manufacturing industry contribution, (from 15.0% in 2010 to 12.3% in 2013), the Federal District (-0.4 p.p.) and Bahia (-0.2 p.p.) lost weight in the national GDP.

The five lowest Brazilian GDPs come from the states of the North: Roraima (27th), Acre (26th), Amapá (25th), Tocantins (24th) and Rondônia (23rd), representing, together, 1.7% of the Brazilian GDP.

South boosts its participation in GDP between 2010 and 2013

The South Region increased its contribution in the economy by 0.5 p.p. between 2010 and 2013, the greatest advance among the Major Regions, supported by Paraná’s advance (0.5 p.p.). Next, came the North (0.2 p.p.), Northeast (0.1 p.p.), Southeast (-0.9 p.p.) and Central-West (0.0 p.p.) - the latter did not increase its contribution due to Federal District's result (-0.4 p.p.), offset by the advances in Mato Grosso do Sul (0.1 p.p.), Mato Grosso (0.2 p.p.) and Goiás (0.1 p.p.)

Southeast (7.4%) grows below national average (9.1%) between 2010 and 2013

Between 2010 and 2013, just the Southeast (7.4%) grew in volume below the national average (9.1%) and this took place in all states of the Region. The best performance came from São Paulo, which grew 8.3% in the period. Conversely, the North Region (13.6%) grew above the average in all states. The Northeast (10.3%), South (10.1%) and Central-West Regions (13.6%) also grew above the Brazilian GDP. The state that grew the most was Mato Grosso (21.9%), followed by Amapá (18.3%) and Amazonas (17.3%).

Table 6
Relative position, participation and anual real change of the Gross Domestic Product of the Federation Units in the Gross Domestic Product - 2013

Sourcee: IBGE, in partnership with State Statistical Bodies, State Secretariats and Superintendence of the Manaus  Free Trade Zone - SUFRAMA.

Rio Grande Sul's GDP grows 8.2% in 2013

Among the states, the best performance in 2013 was Rio Grande do Sul's, which grew 8.2% in the comparison with 2012, influenced by agriculture, based on soybeans and other cereals, such as rice and corn. The good crops' results in the south of the country were reflected in almost all the activities of the state. Mato Grosso do Sul (6.6%) also grew, very much influenced by agriculture, silviculture and manufacturing industries. Other states with performances above the average are Roraima (5.9%), Paraíba (5.8%) and Paraná (5.6%). Conversely, Rondônia (0.6%), Alagoas (0.7%), Minas Gerais (0.4%) and Espírito Santo (0.1%) registered the lowest increases. 

Table 7
Relative position, participation and anual real change of the Gross Domestic Product of the Federation Units in the Gross Domestic Product - 2013

Source: IBGE, in partnership with State Statistical Bodies, State Secretariats and Superintendence of the Manaus  Free Trade Zone - SUFRAMA.

GDP per capita of FD (R$ 62,859) is 2.4 times higher than national GDP (R$ 26,446)

The Brazilian GDP per capita in 2013 was R$ 26,445.72 against R$ 24,779.53 in 2012. The greatest GDP per capita is still Federal District's, R$ 62,859.43 in 2013, representing around 2.4 times the GDP per capita of Brazil.

The lowest GDPs per capita are from Maranhão (R$ 9,948.47) and Piauí (R$ 9,811.04), states that are narrowing down the distances in relation the Brazilian GDP per capita.

IBGE puts out for the first time states' GDP from the income side

In 2013, the breakdown of GDP components from the perspective of income in Brazil was of 43.4% in earnings, 40.9% in the gross operating surplus (capital income) and mixed income (income earned by the self-employed and employers) and 15.7% in total taxes. Valued added (VA) represented 85.4% of GDP.

In the North Region, the VA has the major weight in the states' GDP (88.5%). The exception is the state of Amazonas, where the weight exceeds 90%, due to its important manufacturing industry, boosted by the Industrial Center of Manaus. In the Amazon, the taxes have the greatest weight in the GDP (18.6%), which differentiates the state from the others in the Region and even in Brazil, making it more similar to the Southeast Region. In the other states, with strong influence from the activity public administration, earnings achieve the highest levels in the country.

In the Northeast Region, earnings weight more than in the others. In the North Region, except for Pará and Amazonas, the pattern is similar to that of the Northeast. This is also reinforced by the weight of the public administration in these Federation Units. The Region has the lowest weight in the gross operating surplus and in mixed income in the Income Approach (Income GDP), 39.2%. Pernambuco is the state with the greatest weight in taxes in the Income GDP (15.3%).

With more than 55% of the Brazilian GDP, the Southeast Region has a breakdown pattern of GDP components in the income approach which influences, by its weight, the Brazilian result. The states are industrialized, with important agriculture and livestock farming (except for Rio de Janeiro) and service rendering. São Paulo has the greatest weight in taxes, 18.7% in the GDP in the income approach in Brazil, and, as a result, the lowest weight in VA. The weight of earnings in São Paulo is of 42.8% and of the gross operating surplus (42.8%) and mixed income (38.5%), the lowest in the Region. What differentiates the states of Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais is the weight of agriculture in the GDP of the latter, in contrast with the weight of oil extraction in Rio de Janeiro. Thus, the eight of taxes in Rio's economy is higher, decreasing the shares of the other variables. In Minas Gerais, compensation weights 43.3% and the gross operating surplus coupled with mixed income, 43.4%. In the case of Rio, the weights are 43.0% and 41.0%, respectively.

The states of the South, although very much similar, have different patterns of GDP composition. Paraná has a lower participation of earnings (39.6%) in relation to the gross operating surplus coupled with mixed income (45.5%). The distance from Rio Grande do Sul, an economically similar state and with the same tax contribution (14.9%), is the weight of the public administration in the state's economy. In 2013, whereas Paraná had a weight of 12.5% in public administration, in Rio Grande do Sul this activity weighted 14.2%, generating more earnings in the state. Santa Catarina had a greater weight of taxes in the Regions' GDP, 16.8%, and it is the state with the greatest participation of the industry in the economy.

In the Central-West Region, the Federal District, as the country's capital, concentrating the public administration of Brazil, is the Federation Unit with the lowest contribution of gross operating surplus coupled with mixed income. Even so, it still does not have a share of compensation from work (56.4%) higher than that of some states from the North (Roraima and Amapá), influenced by the highest participation in the FD taxes, due to a concentration of the economy in the services sector. The other states, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso and Goiás, are very much alike. The difference lies in the weight of the public administration in Mato Grosso do Sul, a little higher than in the other two states. In the case of Goiás and Mato Grosso, the difference is in the agriculture in Mato Grosso, whereas Goiás has a greater weight of industrial activities.

The IBGE, together with state statistical bodies, planning secretariats and the Superintendence of Manaus Free Trade Zone (SUFRAMA), puts out for the first time the GDP of the states from the perspective of the income in the scope of the Regional Accounts, which represents a methodological advance towards a thorough System of Regional Accounts.